Discovery of the superlarge gallium ore deposit in Jungar, Inner Mongolia, North China

Gallium, Ge, V, and U are the associated valuable elements in coal. From the 1950s to the 1970s, some researchers in the departments of coal industry and mineral resources of China investigated these elements in coal during geological explorations. The enrichment mechanism and the environmental influence of trace elements in coal have been deeply studied in recent twenty years. With respect to the ore-forming theories and practical utilizations of metals in coal, germanium was furthest studi…     

An Idea On Trace Elements As Nutrients of Organism

The study of the biological effect and the nutrition function of the trace elemen-ts Las long been stressed on the affirmative essential elements and some probableessential elements, though a number of metals (called hormetins by Luckey and Ve-nugopal) have been found to be stimulatory to animal growth and survival. Since 1983, we have paid much attention to the less noticed elements includingmany rare elements. The stimulation effects of proliferation of Tetrahymena pyrifor-mis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells induced by germanium, and similar effectof T. pyriformis by rare earths were reported.     

Effects of welding wire composition and welding process on the weld metal toughness of submerged arc welded pipeline steel

The effects of alloying elements in welding wires and submerged arc welding process on the microstructures and low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals have been investigated. The results indicate that the optimal contents of alloying elements in welding wires can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals because the proeutectoid ferrite and bainite formations can be suppressed, and the fraction of acicular ferrite increases. However, the contents of alloying elements need to vary along with the welding heat input. With the increase in welding heat input, the contents of alloying elements in welding wires need to be increased accordingly. The microstructures mainly consisting of acicular ferrite can be obtained in weld metals after four-wire submerged arc welding using the wires with a low carbon content and appropriate contents of Mn, Mo, Ti-B, Cu, Ni, and RE, resulting in the high low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals.     

Trace elemental records of short-lived heating during exhumation of the CCSD eclogites

Trace element compositions of garnet, omphacite and apatite in ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project were in situ analyzed by the LA-ICP-MS method. Although both garnet and omphacite have homogeneous major element composi-tions, their trace elements show zonations from core to rim in rare earth elements. In particular, middle rare earth elements in the garnet, heavy rare earth elements in the apatite and all rare earth elements in the omphacite increase from core to rim, respectively. Based on dependence of partition coefficients on temperature and pressure in these minerals, we suggest that the trace elemental zonations in these minerals may record a short-lived heating event during exhumation.     

Remobilization of trace metals induced by microbiological activities near sediment-water interface,Aha Lake,Guiyang

The Aha Lake, as a seasonally oxygen-absent man-made reservoir, has been polluted by acidic mining drainage and domestic sewages for a long time, with iron, manganese and sulfate excessively enriched in water and sediment. By means of microbe counting, the analysis of trace metals in pore water and electronic acceptors for or-ganic matter decomposing, we have found that strong bio-geochemical remobilization of trace metals occurred near the water-sediment interface. The microbial reduction of iron, manganese and sulfate took place in different parts throughout the sediment core with the extend of iron reduc-tion lower than that of sulfate reduction, which happened in the surficial sediments and hampered the upward release of some trace metals to some extent. Some trace metals in pore water, due to the 揹ual releasing?effects caused by the re-duction of Fe3+ and Mn4+ at varying depth, show a tendency of being enriched excessively in the upper 10 cm of sediment. In this study, we discussed the microbiological mechanism of trace metals enrichment in surficial sediments and the envi-ronmental condition, with an attempt to realize the unsteady mobilization of trace metals and their potential harm to overlying lake water in the Aha Lake, Guiyang.     

Elemental composition in the sediments of the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers and their tracing implication

Elemental compositions in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are quite different. The Yangtze River' s sediment is rich in K, Fe, Mg, Al and most of trace elements, and its elemental composition show remarkable spatial variations, whereas the Yellow River s sediment has higher contents of Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Zr and Hf, and the elemental composition remains relatively stable. The ratios of some elements are also different in the sediments of the two rivers. The elemental composition of the Yangtze River sediment results from widely distributed igneous rocks and complicated source rocks and strong chemical weathering in the Yangtze River catchment basin, while the main provenance of the Yellow River sediment is the Loess Plateau which has dominant influence on the elemental composition, and the intense physical weathering is another controlling factor. The elements such as Cu, Zn, Sc, Ti, Fe, V, Ni, Cr, Co, Li and element ratios such as La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Ti/Zr and Zr/Y can be used as the tracers to distinguish the Yangtze River sediment from the Yellow River s. The tracers can be used in the study of the mixing and distribution of the substances of the two rivers matters in coastal zones of China.     

Molecular phylogeny of coronaviruses including human SARS-CoV

The outbreak of SARS sets an urgent task to reveal the origin of human SARS-CoV, i.e. its relation to other known species of coronavirus, and to trace the genetic variation in the spreading process of SARS. Partial answer to the problem may be obtained from phylogenetic analy-sis of available genomes. We call a phylogenetic tree of different species of coronavirus including the human SARS-Cov a CoV Tree and that of different isolates of SARS-CoV a SARS Tree. CoV trees have been c…     

Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction and Genomic Polymorphism Analysis of the SARS Coronaviru

The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus (CoV). Several sequences of the complete genome of SARS-CoV have been determined. The subcellular localization (SubLocation) of annotated open-reading frames of the SARS-CoV genome was predicted using a support vector machine. Several gene products were predicted to locate in the Golgi body and cell nucleus. The SubLocation information was combined with predicted transmembrane information to develop a model of the viral life cycle. The results show that this information can be used to predict the functions of genes and even the virus pathogenesis. In addition, the entire SARS viral genome sequences currentlyav ailable in GenBank were compared to identify the sequence variations among different isolates. Some variations in the Hong Kong strains may be related to the special clinical manifestations and provide clues for understanding the relationship between gene functions and evolution. These variations reflect the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations and may help development of a vaccine.     

Subcellular localization of several heavy metals of Hg, Cd and Pb in human liver

Liver, as an important metabolic and detoxicological organ of human body, can be used as a good bioindicator for evaluating body burden of environmental pollutants. Its elemental contents and their chemical forms are closely related to the status of human health and disease. In this paper, the liver samples collected from normal subjects were separated to different subcellular fractions of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosome, microsome and cytosol by differential centrifugation. Then their concentrations of heavy metals of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg were determined by atomic absorption and atomic fluorescent spectroscopy. Our results show no significant difference with literature ones when comparing their gross concentrations. In the case of their subcellular distribution, the Hg concentrations are higher in mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic fractions; the Cd concentrations are higher in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, while As highest in nuclear fraction. The highest concentration of Pb is found in microsomal fraction with similarity to Fe. Mercury in liver is mainly in the form of inorganic, and methylmercury ranged from 9% to 50% with the average value of 20.9% 13.3%. These results indicate that the cellular distribution and the accumulated target organelles are quite different among these heavy metals, which suggest their various pathways and toxic mechanism in vivo.     

The Use of Body Language in College

Nowadays,teachers are in great demand to organize the classes in English and create English-learning circumstances.However,with the limitation of students' vocabulary,teachers have to simplify their teaching language with the help of facial expressions and body movements.The possibility and the effect of using body language in teaching English will be further discussed.     

The Behavior of Inclusions during the Special Melting Processes of Superalloys

The behavior of nitride inclusions during the VIM, VAR and ESR processes of superalloys has been investigated. The experimental results have proved that the inclusions in the original metals, even if the pure TiN power added rapidly decompose at the superalloy liquid processing temperature and the nitrides in the remelted metals are mainly precipitated from solution during the sulidification process.     

Great progress in study on aerosol and its impact on the global environment

The transport from atmosphere is a more important pathway than that from rivers for certain elements and compounds in the remote ocean. The desert and those arid/semi-arid areas in the northwest of China and the Loess Plateau are the sources of those aerosols over the Pacific. Atmospheric iron is the limiting factor of the productivity in certain ocean regions. The dust storms must now be seen as repeated sources of pollution elements as well as soil elements to the East China Sea and, farther out, to the North Pacific Ocean and even to the USA. The long-range transport of aerosols, especially the dust storm, from China and the positive feedbacks of iron coupled with sulfur in atmosphere might be one of the important mechanisms that would affect the primary productivity in the Pacific and/or the global climate change and deserve to be further studied. It can be seen clearly that the dust storms would affect not only the health of human beings and the local or regional climate, but also the global climate change that has been the focus of environmental study internationally.     

Quantitative reconstruction of the paleosalinity at Qinghai Lake in the past 900 years

Based on the function relationship between the shell length of Limnocythere inopinata and the salinity of its living water in Tibetan Plateau lakes, the paleosalinty of Qinghai Lake in the past 900 years was reconstructed through the measurement of the adult body length of Limnocythere inopinata. Meanwhile, the paleosalinity sequence of Qinghai Lake during the same period was rebuilt by the St/Ca ratio of the shell of Eucypris inflata combined with the St/Ca ratio of living ostracod valves from the species of genus Eucypris inflata and the host water. The paleosalinity results obtained by two different methods were compared and assessed in this paper. To check the result, it was also contrasted with other historical climatic sequences of this area including tree ring and ice core. It was shown that the paleosalinity sequence rebuilt by adult ostracod body length had high reliability, and the paleosalinity reconstruction method by trace elements of ostracod shells was not suitable for Qinghai Lake. From the reconstructed paleosalinty sequence of Qinghai Lake, it can be found that low salinity during 1160-1290 AD showed the humid climate condition on the Mediaeval Warm Period in this area, while the high salinity during 1410-1540 AD, 1610-1670 AD and 1770-1850 AD which was corresponding to the three cold pulses of the Little Ice Age with a dry climate condition. And the high salinity in the latest several decades was consistent with recent warm and dry trends of the climate in this area. The good consistency of the reconstructed palaeosalinity sequence and the precipitation sequence in this area rebuilt by tree ring proves the reconstruction of past lake salinity is reliable.     

Trace metals in soil, dust, and tree leaves of the urban environment, Guangzhou, China

Metals have been constantly introduced to urban environments via various point and non-point sources of pollution,and have contaminated different urban compartments(sample types).However,most research projects have focused on a single environmental compartment to characterize urban metal contamination.In the present study,an integrated sampling program that includes surface soils,different size fractions of soil and road dust(<50 μm,50-100 μm,100-250 μm,and 250-1000 μm),tree leaves,and grasses,was conducted in a typical urban area of Guangzhou,China.The aim of the study was to investigate the interrelationships among the metal pollutants in these samples.The concentrations of trace metals varied greatly among different sample types,and their distribution was generally in the following order:road dust > soil dust ≥ surface soils ≈ top soils > grasses ≥ tree leaves.As for the relationships among the trace metals,different combinations were seen among the sample types,indicating different loadings of trace metals in the sampling medium.Significant correlations of metal concentrations were found between tree leaves and the smallest(<50 μm) fraction of road dust,and between soil dust(50-100 μm) and surface soils,suggesting that trace metals in these samples may influence each other.     

A Study of Classification of Figures and Sizes for Middle-and Old-Aged Men

The characteristics of human figures, variable laws and the basic sizes of each part of human body have been found by means of anthropomctric measurements of the middle-arid old-aged men and data analyses. Also, proposals of how to classify dimensions and sizes of the medium human figures among the middle-and old-aged men have been put forward.     

Auto-measuring System of 3-Dimensional Human Body

To realize the automation of fashion industry measuring, designing and manufacturing, the auto-measurement of 3D size of human body is of great importance.The auto-measurement system of 3D human body based on Charge Coupled Devices ( CCD) and infrared sensors is presented in this paper. The system can measure the bare size of human body that excludes the effect of clothing quickly and accurately.     

OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD OF SELECTING THE TOOTH NUMBER SERIES IN A SET OF CHANGE GEARS Part Ⅱ The Rules for Permuting the DBL’s of the First Order and Their Intercalated Sets

The problem in practice of determining the proper combination of Z_i in a set of changegears may be abstracted to the problem of finding the proper combination and permutation ofthe elements a_(i,i+1) of the set A_1 to give maximum M-d. Some results to find optimal combina-tions of the elements of the set A_1 have been reported in part I. In this part, some rules forpermuting these elements are introduced. By means of these rules, three kinds of intercalated setsof A_1 have been found, namely: (1) Sets with an even left wing, (2) Sets with coincidence of bothwings, and (3) Sets with circulated elements.     

Human Body Image Edge Detection Based on Wavelet Transform

Human dresses are different in thousands way. Human body image signals have big noise, a poor light and shade contrast and a narrow range of gray gradation distribution. The application of a traditional grads method or gray method to detect human body image edges can't obtain satisfactory results because of false detections and missed detections. According to the peculiarity of human body image, dyadic wavelet transform of cubic spline is successfully applied to detect the face and profile edges of human body image and Mallat algorithm is used in the wavelet decomposition in this paper.     

Prospects for study of tectono-geochemistry

Focusing on fault tectono-geochemistry, the authors will illustrate four aspects of the fault tectono-geochemistry and its research prospects: (1) the major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements and their differentiation and dissipation sequence; (2)mineral veins, secondary inclusions, sync-deformation fluids and their micro-kinetic analyses; (3) pressure intensity, temperature grads,solution concentration and their coupled correlation system; (4) tectonic stress fields, rheologic physical fields, geochemical fields and digital modeling of parameters. The four aspects are unique in their own systems and related to one another. A unified explanation of spatial and temporal evolution can be obtained in combination with the geodynamics and tectonic chronology.     

An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have