Effects of cupric ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 5A02 in ethylene glycol-water solution

The effects of cupric ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 5A02 in ethylene glycol-water solutions were studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical noise (EN), and complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A positive corrosion potential and increased corrosion current were observed due to the deposition of copper. The results demonstrate that the main corrosion type was pitting and the increasing cupric ion concentration augmented the pitting density. The pits became larger and deeper as a result of the embedment of copper into the surface of the alloy. Cupric ions were preferentially deposited at the defects around the secondary phase, leading to the formation of Al-Cu microgalvanic couples, which increased the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate gradually reached a stable value as the concentration of cupric ions was increased beyond 10 mmol/L.     

N—2—羟在苄叉对氯苯胺及其铜配合物的合成

合成了新化合物席夫碱N－2－羟在苄叉对氯苯胺及对甲基苯氧基二硫代甲酸铜。用红外光谱对所合成样品进行了表征。将席夫碱分别与丙二酸铜,邻苯二甲酸铜,对甲基苯氧基二硫代甲酸铜及与二乙基二硫代氨甲酸铜4种铜盐配位后溶于乙醇中生长晶体。通过对所得晶体进行元素分析后发现,该席夫碱与4种铜 盐的配位方式不完全相同,由于邻苯二甲酸铜的螯合性能较强,只有一个席夫碱分子与其配位,而其他3种铜盐与席夫碱反应时,有2个席夫碱与铜离子配位,且席夫碱上的羟基取代了原理铜盐上的阴离子。     

Preparation and characterization of a chitosan-based low-pH-sensitive intelligent corrosion inhibitor

A chitosan (CS)-based low-pH-sensitive intelligent corrosion inhibitor was prepared by loading a pH-sensitive hydrogel with benzotriazole (BTA); the pH-sensitive hydrogel was synthetized by crosslinking CS with glutaraldehyde (GTA). Analysis by Fourier- transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy showed that Schiff reactions occurred between amino and aldehyde groups. The swelling ability of the hydrogel was investigated using a mass method, and it was observed to swell more in an acidic environment than in an alkaline environment. The hydrogel’s loading capacity of BTA was approximately 0.377 g·g-1, and its release speed was faster in an acidic environment than in an alkaline environment because of its swelling behavior. The corrosion inhibition ability of the intelligent inhibitor was tested by immersion and electrochemical methods. The results showed that after 4 h of immersion, the polarization resistance (R4) value of copper with the intelligent inhibitor was approximately twice of that of copper with BTA, indicating that the intelligent inhibitor could effectively prevent copper from corroding.     

Surface modification of Ti-49.8at%Ni alloy by Ti ion implantation：phase transformation,corrosion, and cell behavior

The Ti?49.8at%Ni alloy was modified by Ti ion implantation to improve its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The chemical composition and morphologies of the TiNi alloy surface were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that Ti ion implantation caused the reduction of Ni concentration and the formation of a TiO2 nano-film on the TiNi alloy. The phase transformation temperatures of the Ti–TiNi alloy remained almost invariable after Ti ion implantation. Electrochemical tests indicated that the corrosion resistance of TiNi increased after Ti ion im-plantation. Moreover, the Ni ion release rate in 0.9% NaCl solution for the TiNi alloy remarkably decreased due to the barrier effect of the TiO2 nano-film. The cell proliferation behavior on Ti-implanted TiNi was better than that on the untreated TiNi after cell culture for 1 d and 3 d.     

铜离子对中国大鲵幼体的胁迫效应

为研究铜离子暴露对中国大鲵的毒性效应,以中国大鲵幼体为研究对象,采用慢性染毒法,将大鲵幼体暴露于0mg/L、1.0mg/L、1.5mg/L和3.0mg/L的铜溶液中30d,观察铜离子胁迫下的大鲵幼体临床症。之后立即对大鲵幼体进行解剖并观察其皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠组织的病理变化,同时采集大鲵幼体的皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠,利用石蜡切片和HE染色对大鲵幼体的组织病理损伤进行观察。结果表明,随着铜离子浓度的增加,大鲵幼体异常行为与其体表黏液的分泌也越加频繁;铜离子胁迫会导致大鲵幼体膀胱显著膨大并充斥大量尿液;铜离子对大鲵幼体皮肤的真皮结构、肝脏和胰脏细胞会产生一定的病理损伤,但对大鲵幼体皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠组织结构未造成毒害效应。本研究表明,铜离子胁迫30d后会对大鲵幼体产生一定的毒性效应,并且毒性程度与铜离子的浓度呈正相关关系。     

Ni（Ti）-H2O系电位-pH平衡图的绘制及其应用

近等原子比NiTi记忆合金目前已成为一类重要的医用金属材料,其在人体环境中合金由于腐蚀而导致的金属离子溶出将会严重地影响材料的生物相容性。本文通过热力学计算,应用电化学热力学电位-pH平衡图叠加法,绘制出了在298K下Ni（Ti）-H2O系电位-pH合成平衡图,并分析发现NiTi记忆合金在生理环境中pH5—7．4范围内,Ni比Ti更易产生腐蚀,有出现Ni离子选择性腐蚀的热力学倾向。     

Comparison of effective parameters for copper powder production via electrorefining and electrowinning cells and improvement using DOE methods

The influences of cupric ion concentration (5-35 g/L),current density (500-2000 A/m2),circulation rate of the electrolyte solution (15-120 mL/min),and temperature (25-60℃) on the physical and chemical properties of copper powders obtained in electrolysis cells were investigated.Two industrial processes,electrorefining (ER) cells with a synthetic electrolyte and electrowinning (EW) cells with an original solution of coppermineral leaching,were utilized to produce copper powders.Finally,the statistical full factorial method of design of experiments (DOE) was employed to investigate the interaction or the main effects of processes.The results show that increasing the copper concentration and temperature can increase the grain size,apparent density,and electrical energy consumption.On the other hand,increasing the current density and circulation rate of the electrolyte can decrease them.This production process is optimized via DOE to control the interactive and main effects to produce copper powders with favorable properties.     

电解质溶液浓度对铜/硫醇自组装膜缓蚀行为的影响

采用交流阻抗法首次研究了在不同浓度的NaCl和HCl溶液中十八－硫醇自组装置对铜电极的缓蚀行为。实验结果表明随NaCl和HCl溶液浓度的增加，十八－硫醇自组装膜对铜电极的缓蚀能力降低。     

催化裂化汽油铜片腐蚀原因分析及新型铜片腐蚀抑制剂的研究

催化裂化汽油铜片腐蚀合格是重要的国标之一 ,但由于将重油作为催化裂化原料而使部分催化裂化汽油铜片腐蚀不合格。采用国标试验方法和现代仪器分析方法 ,探讨了单一硫化物及汽油的铜片腐蚀现象并对腐蚀产物进行了分析。试验表明 ,油品中某些活性硫化物可产生铜片腐蚀 ,但不同的硫化物产生腐蚀的程度不同 ;汽油中由于存在某些活性硫化物 ,如元素硫或多硫化物 ,从而产生铜片腐蚀。在此基础上开发出了新一代的汽油铜片腐蚀抑制剂UNOP 2 ,并对其抑制汽油腐蚀性能进行了试验。结果表明 ,UNOP 2油溶性好 ,抑制汽油铜片腐蚀性能优良 ,且不影响催化裂化汽油的理化性质     

液化石油气中硫化物对铜腐蚀的影响及机理研究

液化石油气（LPG）中极少量的硫化物会对铜质设备造成严重的腐蚀,影响LPG的生产、销售和使用,因此研究LPG中硫化物对铜腐蚀的影响具有重要的实际意义。研究了LPG中不同含量的羰基硫、乙硫醇及硫化氢对铜片腐蚀的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和全反射红外光谱法（ATR）对腐蚀产物进行了表征和分析,探究了这3种硫化物对铜片腐蚀的机理。结果表明,当LPG中羰基硫和乙硫醇的含量为20 μg/g时开始腐蚀铜片,硫化氢的含量为5 μg/g时开始腐蚀铜片,随着硫化氢含量的增加,腐蚀程度加剧;当3种硫化物的含量为20 μg/g时,铜片均出现明显的腐蚀产物,腐蚀以局部腐蚀为主。羰基硫和乙硫醇的腐蚀产物中含有机化合物成分,硫化氢的腐蚀产物主要为无机物Cu₂S和Cu₂O;羰基硫对铜的腐蚀过程为铜原子与羰基硫中的硫和碳成键,形成羰基硫化铜,或者铜原子与硫成键,形成缔合后的复杂腐蚀产物。     

铜经BTA和MBT钝化处理后在NaCl溶液中电化学行为分析

采用电化学极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究铜经苯并三氮唑(BTA)和2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)钝化处理后在3.5％NaCl溶液中的电化学行为.两者复配使用增强对铜电极的阳极和阴极电化学过程的抑制作用,增大了膜电阻,从而具有较好的缓蚀协同效应.并通过扫描电镜观察,直观地表征出BTA和MBT的复配增强对铜腐蚀的抑制作用.     

中国铜循环的熵分析

为确定铜循环过程中含铜物质的聚集和散失程度,将热力学中"熵"这一指标引入到物流分析中,给出了物流分析中"熵"的分布及其计算方法.在中国2002年铜循环现状分析的基础上,计算了铜循环整个过程中,即精炼铜的生产阶段、铜制品的加工制造阶段、铜制品的使用阶段和报废铜制品的回收阶段熵的变化,得到5个节点处的相对熵值分别为0.32149,0.06337,0.23946,0.59919和0.50786,整个过程中的相对熵变化率为57.97%,即含铜物质趋于分散,且较严重.提出了减少采/选矿环节、熔炼环节尾矿和熔渣中铜的损失量,提高报废铜制品的回收率等措施,将会有效地降低铜循环的熵值增加.     

高温高浓度溴化锂溶液中磷脱氧铜耐蚀性研究

利用电化学测试技术和化学业浸泡法对磷脱氧铜在高温65%LiBr溶液中的耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明,LiOH对腐蚀行为起双重作用,低浓度有利于形成Cu2O、CuO氧化膜,而高浓度则形成HCu2O2^-和CuO2^2-型化合物,促进氧化膜溶解;最佳LiOH浓度为0.10mol/L,65%LiBr 0.10mol/L LiOH溶液中添加200mg/L Na2MoO4时缓蚀效果较好,这是由于吸附在阳极表面的MoO4^2-参与电极反应过程,还原生成的MoO2掺杂在Cu2O和CuO氧化膜中阻碍侵蚀性Br^-吸附,有效地抑制铜的活性溶解。     

表面活性剂对PLA-NPs稳定性和体外释药的影响

采用自乳化溶剂挥发法制备了不同性质表面活性剂修饰的聚乳酸纳米粒(PLA-NPs),测定其粒径和zeta电位变化,比较了不同性质表面活性剂修饰的PLA-NPs的稳定性;以5-氨基荧光素(5-AF)为模型药物,研究了4种不同性质表面活性剂修饰的PLA-NPs在pH值为7.4磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中的药物释放行为.结果表明:PLA-NPs的稳定性与表面活性剂性质密切相关;SDS,Poloxamer 188和BSA修饰的PLA-NPs具有相似的体外药物释放规律,其药物释放曲线呈现明显突释效应;CTAB修饰的PLA-NPs则呈缓慢持续释放,且药物释放量与时间呈线性关系.表面活性剂性质对PLA-NPs稳定性和体外药物释放行为均产生影响.     

催化一步制备硫酸铜新方法及反应机制的研究

报告了可调催化氧化不同形态铜转化,现域一步制得硫酸铜新方法及反应机制的研究结果,表明,在优选的常温、常压温和条件下,应用自制的新型铜-铁-氧（CFOL）催化剂催化氧化粗矿铜,干湿法铜冶炼后的“渣铜”,以及其它不论何种形态铜的转化,可一步制得较高纯度,高收率（摩尔分数x98%以上）的硫酸铜,得到了分子、离子、络合物的协同催化的物理化学新图像,CFOL起转输电子的电桥作用,合理地解释了实验结果。     

Comparison of effective parameters for copper powder production <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> electrorefining and electrowinning cells and improvement using DOE methods

The influences of cupric ion concentration (5–35 g/L), current density (500–2000 A/m²), circulation rate of the electrolyte solution (15–120 mL/min), and temperature (25–60°C) on the physical and chemical properties of copper powders obtained in electrolysis cells were investigated. Two industrial processes, electrorefining (ER) cells with a synthetic electrolyte and electrowinning (EW) cells with an original solution of copper mineral leaching, were utilized to produce copper powders. Finally, the statistical full factorial method of design of experiments (DOE) was employed to investigate the interaction or the main effects of processes. The results show that increasing the copper concentration and temperature can increase the grain size, apparent density, and electrical energy consumption. On the other hand, increasing the current density and circulation rate of the electrolyte can decrease them. This production process is optimized via DOE to control the interactive and main effects to produce copper powders with favorable properties.     

铜微电极上的腐蚀研究

利用循环伏安法和阶跃电位法研究铜微电极在ＨＣｌ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中的点腐蚀行为结果表明,Ｃｕ在ＨＣｌ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中腐蚀机理不同。Ｃｌ＾－对Ｃｕ氧化膜具有破坏作用。Ｃｕ在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中的Ｉ－ｔ曲线的初始部分呈性关系,为动力学控制。     

铜离子对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼的急性毒性

采用静水生物测试法研究了不同暴露时间下铜离子对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应,建立了不同暴露时间下Cu2＋浓度与日本黄姑鱼死亡概率的回归方程,暴露时间分别为24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h时,Cu2＋对日本黄姑鱼死亡概率的线性回归方程分别为Y=8.907 5 X＋0.526 3、Y=9.439 2 X＋0.601 2、Y=9.805 6 X＋0.683 5和Y=10.558 X＋0.574 3,通过回归方程计算得出Cu2＋对日本黄姑鱼的相应半致死浓度分别为3.178 mg/L、2.924 mg/L、2.755mg/L和2.63 mg/L。根据化学品对鱼类急性毒性的危害分级标准,Cu2＋对日本黄姑鱼的危害级别为高毒。     

动态表面张力与铜离子浮选的传质系数

应用单泡吸附模型处理铜离子浮选的动力学，提出了测定动态表面张力数据求算该浮选过程传质系数Ｋ_２的新方法。研究了溶液的酸度对传质系数ｋ_２的影响，所求得的最佳酸度（ｐＨ＝５．０）与实验结果完全一致。发现在ｐＨ＝２～５的范围内，ｋ２与浮选实验值ｋｅｘｐ．２存在良好的线性关系。     

用于散热器的冷轧钢板耐蚀性

利用化学浸泡及电化学方法研究了４种钢制散热器材质在不同含氧量和氯离子浓度下的腐蚀速度及耐蚀性，并用Ｘ射线衍射对锈蚀物进行了结构分析。实验结果表明，钢材腐蚀速度主要取决于供热水系统中的溶氧量。在脱氧条件下则形成Ｆｅ３Ｏ４保护膜，此时氯离子将加速材料的腐蚀。腐蚀极化电阻则随残余应力的增加而下降。