高电阻电极对微细电火花放电加工影响的研究

微细电火花放电加工过程中,由于单位脉冲放电的材料去除率(放电凹坑直径)决定了最小加工尺寸以及微细电火花加工的加工表面粗糙度,所以减少单位脉冲放电的材料去除率具有重要作用。为达到此目的,采用具有高电阻材料如单晶硅作为工具电极。分析结果显示,随着工具电极电阻提高,放电电流峰值逐渐降低,脉冲放电时间增加,放电能量减小。另外,研究并测试了硅电极加工不锈钢工件时电阻值对工件表面放电凹坑直径的影响。实验结果表明当硅工具电极电阻值提高时,放电凹坑直径逐渐降低;并达到最小值0.5μm;同时降低了工件表面粗糙度值0.03μm;提高了表面加工质量。     

TC4放电加工最佳化参数研究

采用电火花放电加工TC4合金,应用灰关联-田口实验法设计L9(34)混合直交表,研究放电工艺对加工质量的影响,结果获得放电加工最佳工艺参数:放电电流3 A、开路电压180 V、脉冲时间200μs、冲击因子65%。实验显示工件材料去除率为0.680 mg/min,表面粗糙度1.884μm。     

聚晶金刚石的电火花磨削加工

为探讨在普通电参数下,电火花磨削人造聚晶金刚石(PCD)的加工性能,研究了电极轮转速、开路电压、峰值电流、脉冲宽度以及脉冲间隔对材料去除率、电极损耗以及加工表面粗糙度的影响.结果表明,采用电火花磨削方法,在较小的开路电压和峰值电流下,PCD的加工是可行的.使用电火花磨削方法在材料去除率和表面粗糙度方面要优于普通电火花加工.各个加工参数对加工表面粗糙度的影响不大,而与金刚石颗粒的粒度有关.加工时应选用大的开路电压,而峰值电流不宜取得过大,一般说来,不应超过32 A.脉冲宽度与脉冲间隔之间存在一个最优比例关系,在合理的脉冲宽度与脉冲间隔比例基础上,加大脉冲宽度可以提高加工性能.     

HYNC-50D场效应管电火花脉冲电源

场效应管电火花脉冲电源,利用电流前沿斜率控制,实现了高效率低损耗放电加工模具,从而提高了模具的仿真度。电压控制型功率器件,利用场效应管实现了窄脉宽高峰值电流放电加工模具,取得了模具最佳加工表面粗糙度和提高去除率的统一。采用单片机和主振级两套脉冲发生器,进一步提高了电火花脉冲电源的可靠性和电火花机床的利用率。     

线切割加工SiCp/LY12复合材料的试验研究

研究了电参数对电火花线切割加工SiCp/LY1 2复合材料的切割速度和表面粗糙度的影响 ;用扫描电镜分析了复合材料线切割加工表面的SEM形貌。试验结果表明 :峰值电流和脉冲宽度对切割速度和表面粗糙度有较大的影响 ,其次是加工电压 ;脉冲间隔对表面粗糙度影响不大 ,当其达到一定程度时 ,表面粗糙度基本不受其影响 ;选用较大的峰值电流和较短的脉冲宽度 ,可对复合材料进行较理想的电火花线切割加工。     

磨粒辅助电火花加工金属基复合材料实验研究

针对金属基复合材料的加工难题,提出了采用磨粒辅助电火花法加工该类材料。利用电火花加工和磨粒辅助电火花加工2种方法,对比研究了金属基复合材料加工时的材料去除率和表面粗糙度。利用正交试验法研究金属基复合材料中增强相的不同体积分数对加工效率的影响,得到了磨粒辅助电火花加工的最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明,磨粒辅助电火花加工法在材料去除率和表面粗糙度方面均优于电火花加工法,各加工参数对加工效率的影响从大到小依次为占空比、平均电流、脉冲宽度,复合材料的增强相的比例是影响加工效率的主要因素之一。     

微细电火花加工过程分析及仿真

根据热传导基本理论和微细电火花加工的实际情况,建立起微细电火花加工的有限元分析模型;采用ANSYS分析软件,基于不同的热源模型对单脉冲放电情况的温度场进行了数值模拟,并利用仿真结果研究了单脉冲放电的表面粗糙度和材料去除率与放电能量的关系。     

钛合金TC4电火花线切割加工实验研究

电火花线切割是一种非接触式特种加工技术,在生产中广泛应用.本文对航空航天中常见材料钛合金(TC4)进行研究,对电火花线切割加工中的主要电参数(电流、脉冲宽度、占空比)对工件的加工效率及表面质量的影响进行实验,研究表明:工件表面粗糙度与加工的电流成正比,适当增加脉冲宽度、占空比参数可明显提高加工效率和工件表面质量.     

功能电极钛合金表面TiN涂层的原位合成

针对功能电极电火花诱导烧蚀加工钛合金的表面缺陷,通过原加工系统向加工区域通入氮气,利用电火花放电对烧蚀加工表面进行修整,放电产生的热量促使氮气和钛合金表面材料发生化学反应,原位合成了TiN涂层,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等检测手段对涂层进行测试.结果表明:加工过程中电火花放电稳定连续,能量利用率较高;涂层致密、均匀、连续,主要由TiN强化相组成,厚度可达400μm以上;TiN涂层显微硬度可达1761.8,是基体硬度的5.7倍;涂层与基体之间形成结合强度高的冶金结合且TiN相分布比较均匀;合成反应对电极有很强的反镀作用,电极端面以TiN强化相为主,能有效地降低电极损耗,同时避免了电极材料对涂层形成的污染,较好地保持涂层中TiN相的纯度.     

集束电极电火花加工工艺

为了探索集束电极电火花加工的工艺特性,进行了工具电极平动加工试验,对比传统实体电极电火花加工,探讨了脉宽和峰值电流等条件对工件材料去除率及工具电极相对损耗率的影响.结果表明,通过平动工具电极,能够消除因多孔结构的集束电极在工件加工表面形成的毛刺状料心,从而使得加工过程稳定,材料去除率提高.相对于实体电极电火花加工,集束电极电火花加工的材料去除率及其工具电极损耗率均较大.     

Compound machining of silicon carbide ceramics by high speed end electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding

A compound process that integrates end electrical discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics is developed in this paper. The process employs a turntable with several uniformly-distributed cylindrical copper electrodes and abrasive sticks as the tool, and uses a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding happen alternately and are mutually beneficial, so the process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic with a good surface quality. The machining principle and characteristics of the technique are introduced. The effects of polarity, pulse duration, pulse interval, open-circuit voltage, discharge current, diamond grit size, emulsion concentration, emulsion flux, milling depth and tool stick number on performance parameters such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, and surface roughness have been investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the machined surface under different machining conditions is examined with a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The SiC ceramic was mainly removed by end ED milling during the initial rough machining mode, whereas it is mainly removed by mechanical grinding during the later finer machining mode; moreover, the tool material can transfer to the workpiece surface during the compound process.     

混粉电火花加工工艺特性的研究

为了进一步完善混粉电火花加工工艺,对混粉电火花加工的一些工艺特性进行了研究。通过实验探讨了峰值电流、加工极性和工具电极转速对加工效率和表面粗糙度等性能指标的影响规律。结果表明,在加工能量较小的情况下,混粉电火花加工与普通电火花加工相比,兼备加工效率高和加工质量好的优点;而且,选择恰当的加工极性并适当地伴以工具电极的转动,可以获得更优的表面加工质量。     

基于响应曲面法电火花线切割回转零件实验研究

以低速走丝电火花线切割加工回转铜钨合金(CuW70)试件为研究对象,采用Design-Expert软件设计Box-Behnken实验,利用响应曲面法分析得出不同速度参数对工件表面粗糙度及材料去除率的影响规律,并得出兼顾加工效率与表面质量的最优工艺参数组合.结果表明,速度参数对表面粗糙度影响的主次关系为工件转速>进给速度>走丝速度;对材料去除率影响的主次关系为进给速度>工件转速>走丝速度.多目标参数优化得出:当工件转速为46r/min,进给速度为1.0mm/min,走丝速度为45mm/s时,表面粗糙度达到0.882μm,材料去除率达到0.625mm³/min.     

Experimental Studies on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Workpiece Made from Fine-crystalline Zirconia Ceramics

The performances of fme-crystalline zirconia ceramics in workpiece ultrasonic vibration grinding （WUVG） and conventional grinding （CG） with diamond wheel were researched. The effects of WUVG and CG on material removal rate, grinding forces, surface roughness and microstructure of zirconia ceramic were investigated. Experimental results indicated that： （1） The material removal rate （MRR） in ultrasonic grinding process is two times as large as that of in conventional grinding. The material removal rate increases with increasing grinding depth in both ultrasonic grinding and conventional grinding. （2） The ultrasonic vibration grinding force is lower than that of conventional grinding force, and the increase of the worktable speed leads to a decrease of the grinding force, while the grinding force increases with larger grinding depth in both WUVG and CG. （3） The surface of ultrasonic vibration grinding has no spur and build-up edge and its surface roughness is smaller than that of CG significantly. Surface quality of WUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, it is easy for ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile grinding.     

Study on high efficient electric discharge milling of silicon carbide ceramic with high resistivity

A new method which employs a group pulse power supply for electric discharge milling of the silicon carbide ceramic with the resistivity of 500 Ω·cm is presented. Due to the good machining stability and high pulse utilization, the material removal rate （MRR） can reach 72.9 mm^3/min. The effects of high-frequency pulse duration, high-frequency pulse interval, peak voltage, peak current, polarity, rotate speed and group frequency on the process performance have been investigated. Also the EDMed surface microstructure is examined with a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, an X-ray diffraction （XRD）, an energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and a micro hardness tester. The results show that the conditions of smaller high-frequency pulse duration and pulse interval, higher peak voltage and peak current, and positive tool polarity are suitable for machining the SiC ceramic. The optimal rotate speed is 1090 r/min and the preferable group frequency is 730 Hz. In addition, there is a small quantity of iron on machined surface when machining with steel electrode. The average grain size of the EDMed surface is smaller than that of the unprocessed, and the micro hardness of machined surface is superior to that of the unprocessed.