TEMPO修饰酶解淀粉的制备及其表面施胶

原淀粉经α-淀粉酶处理,再以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化体系氧化酶解,利用TEMPO对伯醇羟基选择性氧化作用,将酶解淀粉分子链上的部分醇羟基氧化成羧基,得到水溶性好、黏度低的改性淀粉,并用于纸张表面施胶。研究结果表明,酶解淀粉经TEMPO氧化改性后用于纸张表面施胶,对纸张抗张强度和表面强度的增强效果优于商品氧化淀粉,但耐折性能下降明显。在次氯酸钠用量为2 mmol/g时,改性淀粉的羧基含量达5.1%,将此改性淀粉以4 g/m2的施胶量对纸张进行表面施胶,纸张的抗张强度比未施胶纸张增大51.6%。     

造纸用改性木薯淀粉的研制

对木薯淀粉的氧化工艺条件进行研究，并制备了用作造纸施胶剂的改性木薯淀粉，试用于手抄纸，能提高纸张的裂断长１９．７％和撕裂度１０．５％。     

羟乙基化-氧化复合变性淀粉生产与性能研究

以玉米淀粉为原料通过羟乙基化反应、氧化反应制备了一种具有"高浓低粘"特点的造纸表面胶淀粉,并且确定了各项生产工艺参数,对造纸表面施胶操作进行了性能改进。     

PMS最佳工艺条件的选择

PMS(磷酸单酯淀粉)是由淀粉经化学改性而得,广泛应用于造纸、纺织、食品等方面。在造纸工业中,作为湿部添加剂,能够改善纸张强度和提高填料留着率。作为纸张增强剂,由于它的价格比阳离子淀粉低,且使用效果好,很受用户欢迎。在纸张表面施胶中,可代替市场紧张、价格昂贵的干酪素,与缎白颜料一起生产具有优良耐湿磨擦性能的高档纸。PMS的研究、生产和应用开始于50年代,但有关应用于造纸行业的PMS的最佳合成条件尚未见有详细报道。本文利用正交试验,研究了PMS的合成,找出了最佳反应条件。     

中性施胶剂的发展和应用

施胶是现代造纸中大多数纸种生产必不可少的一个环节，可分为酸性施胶和中性施胶。而中性施胶和中性抄纸已成为造纸工业发展的必然趋势，该文重点对中性施胶剂的发展和常见种类应用进行了论述。     

自交联型阳离子苯丙乳液纸张表面施胶剂的制备研究

采用酮肼（DAAM-ADH）和有机硅单体A-171为交联体系,以苯乙烯（St））、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）为主要单体原料,采用氧化还原引发体系,采用乳液聚合方法合成了一种自交联型阳离子苯丙乳液纸长表面施胶剂;通过对纸张施胶度和环压指数的测定,得出当乳化剂用量占单体总量的3％,m（St）∶m（BA）=3∶1,DAAM-ADH用量占单体总量的3％,有机硅用量占单体总量的2％时,制备的阳离子表面施胶剂使纸张的施胶度从24秒提高到60秒,环压指数从5.1 N.m·g-1提高到8.6 N·m·g.,施胶效果显著.     

中性施胶剂AKD的合成优化

对以硬脂酸，三氯化磷，三乙胺为原料制备高档纸的优良中性施胶ＡＫＤ的合成工艺条件采用正交试验法进行了研究，获得了较佳合成条件，总收率率可达７７％以上。     

淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜的制备、性能及抗菌改性研究

以淀粉为原料，采用壳聚糖(CTS)和经十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)表面改性的纳米二氧化钛(M-Nano-TiO₂)为填充相，以共混法制备了不同比例的淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜(淀粉/CTS)及M-Nano-TiO₂填充的淀粉/壳聚糖三组分复合膜(淀粉/CTS/M-Nano-TiO₂).利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合膜的微观结构及性能进行表征分析，测试薄膜的力学性能和透光性能.结果表明：淀粉糊化液和壳聚糖溶液体积比为4∶3，纯固体分质量比为1∶1时薄膜抗拉强度最高，为28.62 MPa，断裂伸长率达3.2%，透光率随CTS含量的增加而提高，两类复合膜各组分均相容良好，结晶性能相较单一淀粉膜有所下降，微观表面平整光滑.加入了M-Nano-TiO₂的复合膜有较好的抗菌性能，对大肠杆菌和金色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别提高了7.9%和5.9%.     

改性淀粉黏合剂制作方法的研究

本文主要研究改性淀粉黏合剂的几种制备工艺方法，小结了各方法所得产品的性能特点，结果表明，以玉米淀粉为原料经过氧化处理可获得改性氧化淀粉，从而克服了天然淀粉黏度高、溶解性差、黏度不稳定、用水稀释后会发生沉淀的弱点。     

在超重力场中实现白炭黑的原位改性

在超重力反应沉淀法制备白炭黑的基础上,在沉淀反应的后期加入硅烷偶联剂,实现沉淀法白炭黑的原位改性。对原位改性和未改性的白炭黑表面状况进行了研究,表明原位改性过程可以使白炭黑表面向亲油性转变。原位改性技术将白炭黑的制备过程和改性过程一次完成,大大简化了疏水化白炭黑的生产工艺。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that