中国境内IGS站数据处理及地壳运动研究

利用中国境内国际GPS大地测量和地球动力学服务(IGS)站的GPS单天数据,使用GAMIT软件对其进行基线解算.以单天解的基线结果作为输入量,利用所介绍的台站漂移数学模型,求解台站漂移速度,得到地壳运动信息;再根据板块运动欧拉定理,求解中国大陆整体的欧拉矢量.结果表明,在ITRF2000框架下,求解的台站漂移速度与IGS公布的结果相近,由此求解的中国大陆整体的欧拉矢量与采用IGS公布数据计算的结果相近.     

中国大陆及邻区新生代以来的一种构造形式:右旋运动及效应

根据地貌、地震、压应力分布、地壳运动的GPS速度矢量、新生代沉积、新生代火山岩、古地磁、深部地幔结构等特征,论证中国大陆及邻区自新生代以来呈现整体右旋运动特征,动力可能源于全球旋转背景下欧亚印度板块的碰撞,随着印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞后岩石圈加厚,以及周缘走滑断裂释放应力,导致在40Ma左右中国大陆具有明显整体右旋运动特征;随着印度板块持续向北俯冲,25Ma之后中国大陆整体进入较明显的向右旋转时期,并延续至今;简要讨论了中国大陆自新生代以来呈现的右旋运动效应。     

地球行星构造运动特征: 80 Ma至现今

目前国际上选择台站标准具有不确定性和随意性, 本文用一种新方法, 选择各板块刚性台站, 建立现今全球板块相对运动模型RM2000; 并利用80 Ma内地磁异常资料, 确定了随时间演变的全球板块相对运动欧拉矢量, 由此给出了各个年代全球相邻板块扩张、汇聚和滑动运动速度. 分析表明: (1) 在最近10 Ma内, 南半球相邻板块相对运动为系统性的减速, 北半球相邻板块扩张与汇聚运动没有系统性的变化; (2) 在整个80 Ma内, 澳大利亚-南极洲、太平洋-南极洲、非洲-澳大利亚和澳大利亚-欧亚板块相对运动趋势为加速, 南北大西洋中脊、非洲-南极洲、可可斯-太平洋、非洲-欧亚和印度-欧亚板块相对运动趋势为减速, 太平洋-纳兹卡、纳兹卡-南美、太平洋-澳大利亚和太平洋-北美板块汇聚运动趋势基本不变.     

南北地震带N34°-N37°(天水-兰州)段地震应力场特征分析

据史料记载,南北地震带N34°～N36°段为该断裂带最活跃的发震区段,同时也是国家重点防御区。甘肃省地震局天水中心地震台与兰州观象台承担本区域的地震监测工作,作者统计整理1980年1月1日-2018年5月1日N34°～N37°段发生的≤Ms6.0级地震,应用震源机制解反演该区域的地震应力场,结合GPS观测数据,对N34°～N36°段地震应力场特征进行分析。研究表明,南北地震带的最大水平主应力方向具有明显的分区特征,天水-兰州段受川滇地区的应力加载作用,同时也受到太平洋板块的推挤,其中P轴水平投影指示了活动块体的运动方向,N34°～N37°段应力状态为NEE-EW-NWW向的逆冲类型,该区域的GPS观测数据显示地壳的运动方向,在一定程度上也表明该结论的正确性。反演得到的应力状态基本上与各种类型地震的破裂方式比较吻合,也进一步验证反演结果的可靠性,可为地球动力学过程的模拟和活动断层滑动性质的厘定提供参考。     

3000只“眼睛”明察地壳

<正>在中国地震台网中心的办公楼里,挂着一张1999—2017年度"中国大陆地壳运动水平速度场"图。图上密集的矢量箭头标示地壳运动的方位,代表着中国大陆相对于欧亚板块运动的方向和大小。图上的数据来源于中国大陆构造环境监测网络(以下简称陆态网络)。它是我国迄今为止建设规模最大、观测精度最高、数据质量最佳的国家级地壳运动观测骨干网络,覆盖了     

强中纬力作用下地球板块的运移

以一个块体的理论运动轨迹特殊对象 ,分析在强中纬力作用下 ,地球板块在高纬度带 (6 8°2 7′～ 90°0 0′)、中纬度带 (2 1°33′～ 6 8°2 7′)、低纬度带 (南纬 2 1°33′～北纬 2 1°33′)内等不同地域的受强中纬力作用时的运动方向及其 F- t关系图 ,以及板块在随着地球的自转 ,作跨越赤道的运动情况。结果表明 :地球板块的运动特点随着纬度的变化而变化 ,强中纬力的主要控制因素为地球的黄纬 ;黄纬的变化发生在板块所受强中纬力变化的情况下 ,其外部现象表现为地球纬度的变化。这一结论为由特殊到一般的板块运动分析提供了理论依据     

青藏高原新生代构造研究最新进展和构造发展的阶段性

从逆冲推覆构造、走滑构造、伸展构造3个方面对喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带内的新生代(印度-亚洲大陆碰撞之后)构造最新进展进行了总结和分析.基于这些资料,提出青藏高原内部变形的3个阶段:始新世(50~33 Ma),青藏地区总体呈刚性,变形集中在造山带的南北周缘;渐新世-中新世初(33~22 Ma),高原中西部以逆冲断层形式的散布式挤压变形,以东部大型走滑断层为边界的块体挤出与块体旋转3种变形方式共存;中新世初至今(22~0 Ma),高原块体的强度进一步变弱,以遍及高原整体的连续散布变形为主,出现共轭走滑断层与伸展构造.认为南北走向的地堑(正断层)是同样处于东西伸展应力体系下的藏中共轭走滑断层向造山带南北延伸扩展的产物.此外,还对造山带内会聚量的调节方式进行了定量的分析和估算.     

利用单站电离层测高仪与GPS数据的同化反演试验

利用测高仪和GPS观测数据进行了单站电离层电子密度廓线的同化反演实验,实验中设计了一套基于Kalman滤波的电离层数据同化系统,采用了水平和垂直方向可分离的高斯型误差协方差矩阵,利用IRI2000模式作为同化反演的背景场,分别使用了测高仪数据和GPS数据进行了单独同化反演和联合同化反演实验,结果显示：在各类同化参数不改变的情况下,单独利用GPS数据反演结果较好,不仅可以得到较为准确的TEC,电子密度廓线结果也有较好的提升;单独使用测高仪反演的结果较差,在峰高以下电子密度廓线和观测较一致,但峰高以上电子密度廓线和观测比较的结果较差,并且TEC结果和观测也有一定误差;而利用GPS和测高仪数据联合反演的结果最好,无论是反演的电子密度廓线还是TEC值都和观测最为接近.     

利用单站电离层测高仪与GPS数据的同化反演试验

利用测高仪和GPS观测数据进行了单站电离层电子密度廓线的同化反演实验,实验中设计了一套基于Kalman滤波的电离层数据同化系统,采用了水平和垂直方向可分离的高斯型误差协方差矩阵,利用IRI2000模式作为同化反演的背景场,分别使用了测高仪数据和GPS数据进行了单独同化反演和联合同化反演实验,结果显示:在各类同化参数不改变的情况下,单独利用GPS数据反演结果较好,不仅可以得到较为准确的TEC,电子密度廓线结果也有较好的提升;单独使用测高仪反演的结果较差,在峰高以下电子密度廓线和观测较一致,但峰高以上电子密度廓线和观测比较的结果较差,并且TEC结果和观测也有一定误差;而利用GPS和测高仪数据联合反演的结果最好,无论是反演的电子密度廓线还是TEC值都和观测最为接近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with