具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

广义线性特征系统和广义线性相对特征系统

本文提出了广义线性特征系统和广义线性相对特系统等概念,给出了广义系统为线性相对特征系统的充分条件和为广义线性相对特征相对特征系统的充要条件,最后,对广义线性相对特征系统的极点配置和稳定化问题给出一种算法。     

用于电力系统仿真的联合循环电站动态模型

从控制流程角度建立了一个适当简化的联合循环电站系统模型,目的在于为电力系统的实时仿真提供一个重要的组成模块。将该模型与电力网络结合,采用专业软件进行模拟,以研究整个电力系统的动态特性,为提高系统的安全性和稳定性提供理论依据。设计了一个P ID控制器,以提高系统的稳定性能。将该模型加入到一个虚拟的两区域电力系统中,采用专业软件N etom ac进行仿真,运行结果证明该模型可以用于实时仿真实验,并且验证了P ID控制器有助于提高系统的稳定性。     

带有输入时滞的Timoshenko梁系统的控制器设计与稳定性分析

为了研究输入时滞对Timoshenko梁系统稳定性的影响,镇定边界具有输入时滞和载荷的Timoshenko梁系统,利用Backstepping方法,设计了一种新的控制器来补偿输入时滞带来的影响,从而得到一个稳定的闭环系统。首先,给出一个与原时滞系统等价的无时滞系统;然后,构造一个Backstepping线性变换,并证明这个线性变换是有界可逆的;最后,通过这个变换将无时滞系统转化为一个稳定的目标系统,并设计出相应的控制器。结果表明,此无时滞系统与目标系统是等价的,其反馈控制律可以镇定原来的时滞系统。研究方法解决了输入时滞对弹性系统的负面影响,丰富了分布参数控制系统的控制器设计方法及其稳定性理论,在工程实践中具有一定的借鉴意义。     

客户关系管理系统表示层的设计

客户关系管理(CRM)系统的实施是一个持续性的过程中，需要不断提高和完善。本文通过对CRM系统表示层功能的分析，依据组件化程序设计思想，建立了其结构模型和基于XML格式的数据模型，实现了表示层的动态可配置性，从而增强了系统的灵活性和扩展性。     

智能制造系统的一种研究方法

把制造系统描述为互相连接的信息、数据、知识处理单元的集合，把数据、知识处理单元抽象为信息处理单元，构造制造系统的抽象模型，据此提出了一种从这种抽象模型展开对智能制造系统研究的方法．     

分数阶广义混沌系统分析及有限时间同步

混沌是非线性动力系统中所特有的一种运动形式,将混沌系统抽象成数学模型并加以控制是探索混沌应用的主要形式,随着混沌系统研究的深入,分数阶系统逐渐从整数阶系统中脱颖而出,由此通过研究一类新的整数阶混沌系统,提出了相应的分数阶三维自治系统;通过系统的线性项判别,并根据分数阶Lyapunov稳定理论对于混沌系统中平衡点种类进行区分,发现该新分数阶系统产生的平衡点属于不稳定鞍点;对于该分数阶系统采用有限时间稳定理论,在驱动系统与响应系统中进行同步控制器的设计,通过数值仿真验证并绘制出有限时间同步关系曲线图验证了在短时间内实现混沌同步控制。     

深化教育体制改革 构建终身教育体系

终身教育已经成为一种国际性的教育思潮，世界许多国家已经或者正在实现由其理念到体系的构建。然而，构建一个终身教育体系，从学校教育的角度来看，关键还是教育体制问题。由于中国现行教育体制还有许多不适应终身教育体系的地方，因此，中国终身教育体系的构建，需要从改革教育体制的弊端入手。     

绿洲稳定性初探

绿洲系统是干旱区的脆弱系统争取绿洲系统向稳定性、有序化方向发展是干旱区人类生存和发展所追求的基础目标绿洲稳定性的本质含义是绿洲系统或绿洲生态系统的可持续发展而绿洲的稳定性指标就是绿洲生态系统的稳定性指标,即绿洲规模与绿洲需水量之间的一种定量关系维护绿洲稳定性是项系统工程,主要措施是建立有效防护林体系,保护恢复荒漠—绿洲过渡带植被,处理好生态用水与绿洲开发建设用水的关系,保护耕地和有效防治绿洲土地退化,寻求高效开发、集约经营、协调发展的模式,搞好稳定性系统设计,加强绿洲生态系统管理     

Network-Based Voting System—Evaluation and Optimization of CCMVS

In the beginning of the 1 990 's,the ComputerControlled and Managed Voting System( CCMVS) [1] developed for the Beijing People'sCongress had a significant impact on the electionprocess.However,users are now requiring avoting system with more reliability,accuracy,speed,and flexibility.The Network- based VotingSystem ( NVS) was developed as the nextgeneration system[1] .This paper discusses the defects of thetraditional voting system,CCMVS,and presentsthe framework of the new voting sy…     

一类热弹性系统的变结构控制

考虑一个由偏微分方程及初值与偏值条件所描述的线性热弹性系统. 根据所考虑的热弹性系统, 定义了相应的线性偏微分算子及适当的状态空间. 讨论了变结构控制问题. 利用算子半群方法证明了等效控制原理在热弹性系统中的有效性, 在此基础上讨论了变结构控制系统的渐近稳定性; 设计变结构控制律, 保证了系统在此控制下是指数一致稳定的, 最后给出了使滑动模稳定的控制律.