普通小麦品种主要性状的灰色关联度和相关性分析

运用相关分析和灰色关联分析法,对20份皖北小麦主栽品种进行遗传性状分析,以探讨品种产量影响因素之间的相互关系,旨在为小麦的遗传改良与育种利用提供依据。结果表明,各农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度大小顺序为:千粒重,小穗数,小穗粒数,粒宽,小穗密度,粒长,穗长,株高,分蘖数和护颖长短。其中千粒重、小穗数和小穗粒数是制约产量的最大因素;粒宽、小穗密度、粒长、穗长、株高、分蘖数和护颖长对产量制约力依次变小。因此,高产育种时,宜考虑选择有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重高的小麦品种。     

硬粒和普通小麦发育过程中根和叶的蛋白质组分差异

以硬粒小麦和普通小麦为材料,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ与超敏感银染技术,初步研究了其不同发育过程中根和叶的全蛋白及组蛋白,并且研究了这两个不同的多倍体小麦之间在不同发育时期根和叶的蛋白质组分差异和发育变化,此结果为了解小麦的起源、进化和个体发育生物学积累了生化资料。     

普通小麦、斯卑尔脱小麦和密穗小麦基因组中SSR和EST-SSR分子标记的遗传差异研究

采用基因组微卫星SSR和EST-SSR分子标记,对28份普通小麦(Triticum vulgare)、13份斯卑尔脱小麦(T. spelta)和11份密穗小麦(T. compactum)群体内(间)的遗传差异进行了分析.结果表明,普通小麦群体内的多态性最高,斯卑尔脱小麦次之,密穗小麦最小.比较分析发现,不同类型材料群体间的平均遗传距离高于群体内的平均值,且在A,B和D三个染色体组上也具有相同的趋势.由于斯卑尔脱小麦和密穗小麦与普通小麦杂交一代育性正常,所以可望用来扩大小麦育种亲本之间的遗传差异,特别是丰富D染色体组上的遗传变异.与斯卑尔脱小麦相比,普通小麦和密穗小麦之间的遗传差异相对较小,说明两者之间存在更近的亲缘关系.在此基础上,又对六倍体小麦的起源和演化进行了分析与讨论.研究还发现,虽然EST-SSR揭示出的多态性低于基因组SSR,但也能很好地反映出不同基因型之间的遗传差异.由于EST-SSR标记是对基因组转录区域变异的直接评价,有可能与形态或生理生化特征联系起来.因此,EST-SSR标记是进行小麦遗传差异研究的一种理想标记形式.     

小麦茎秆维管束数与穗部性状关系的研究

小麦茎秆内有中央维管束和周缘维管束两个相对独立的系统。中央维管束数以基部第二、三伸长节间最多,第一和第四伸长节间略少;周缘维管束以第三、四伸长节间最多,第一、二伸长节间次之,穗下茎两种维管束数明显减少。第二伸长节间维管束敷与小穗数呈显著正相关。第三伸长节间维管束数与穗粒数呈显著正相关,同时第二伸长节问与穗下茎的维管束数存在着明显的直线回归关系,合理调控播种期和氮磷肥料,均可增加茎秆内的维管束数,从而达到壮秆、大穗、粒多。     

普通小麦和节节麦G—带核型的研究

用改良ＡＳＧ法显出了普通小麦的两个品种和节节麦的有丝分裂染色体全部供试材料Ｇ－带具有一些共同的特征。即带数多，细窄而大小相近，带间区小，分布较均匀，着丝粒和次缢痕两侧及两臂末端都具带；２）它们的同源染色体间带纹可较准确地配对；３）普通小麦两品种虽带型相似，但总带数有差异；４）节节麦与普通小麦中国春Ｄ染色体组的Ｇ－带带型很相近，两带数相同的臂为５０．０％。     

小麦籽粒品质和产量性状的遗传相关分析

使用遗传相关分析方法,分析了38个河南省历年小麦推广种的蛋白质、赖氨酸含量和籽粒产量、产量构成因素及部分植株性状间的相互关系,提出在改良小麦营养品质的育种中,以赖氨酸产量为主要选择尺度并参考赖氨酸百分比和籽粒产量等其它指标,也许能取得比较明显的效果。     

雌激素与胸腺发育和退化的关系

雌激素是一种女性激素,属于类固醇类激素。雌激素主要的作用是促进女性生殖器官的发育和副性征的出现,并维持在正常状态。另有研究表明,改变T细胞的发育,并且诱导胸腺的萎缩退化。     

普通小麦与冰草属植物直链淀粉含量的分析

通过对３个典型的普通小麦品种Ｆｕｋｕｈｏ，Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｓｐｒｉｎｇ，Ｓｉｇｍａ－ｗｈｅａｔ和３个不同遗传类型的冰草性属植物Ｚ１５００，Ｚ１５２４，Ｚ５９３的直链淀粉含量的分析，结果发现：不同小麦品种的直链淀粉含量差异不明显；不同遗传类型的冰草属植物其直链淀粉含量存在显著差异，四倍体冰草的直链淀粉含量接近于普通小麦，整个冰草属植物的直链淀粉含量普遍高于普通小麦。     

SRAP标记遗传距离与小麦F1产量相关性的研究

为探讨利用小麦亲本间遗传距离预测F1产量的可行性,以大田农艺性状表现优良的36个小麦品系配成50个组合为材料,研究SRAP分子标记遗传距离(GD)与50个杂交组合的F1产量的相关性.结果表明:分子标记距离与全部杂交组合F1产量相关程度低,但分析各区组内的相关关系时,存在高度正相关.当不改变母本的各组合中,GD与F1产量之间相关关系数在05以上的占786%;当不改变父本的各组合中,GD与F1产量之间相关关系数在0.5以上的占56.3%.     

六倍体小黑麦与普通小麦对干旱胁迫反应的比较研究

对六倍体小黑麦和普通春小麦在干旱胁迫下的形态、生理生化及产量进行比较研究，结果表明：在干旱胁迫时，小黑麦的生育期、株高、穗下茎长、穗数、乳熟期绿叶数有较好的稳定性；叶片持水力及束缚水含量高于普通小麦，产量结构稳定，表现出较强的抗旱能力。     

Genetic diversity revealed by genomic-SSR and EST-SSR markers among common wheat, spelt and compactum

Spelt (TriticumspeltaL .) ,oncebeingthemaincropinEurope ,hasthesamegenome (AABB DD)ascommonwheat (TriticumaestivumL .) .Althoughitiscultivatedonasmallscale ,theproduc tionofspeltisclosetoorevenexceedsthatofcom monwheatinsomeregions[1] .Speltiswidelyadapt edtoavarietyofenvironmentconditions ,itsgrainscontainlargequantitiesofproteinandaresuitableforthemanufactureofsoftbread .Therefore ,speltisre ceivingincreasingattentionforplantbreeders[2 ] .ThemostrecentstudyelucidatedthattheF1generationb…     

Genetic diversity revealed by genomic SSR and EST-SSR markers among common wheat, spelt and compectum

In this study, two SSR molecular markers, named genomic-SSR and EST-SSR, are used to measure the genetic diversity among three hexaploid wheat populations, which include 28 common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ), 13 spelt ( Triticum spelta L. ),and 11 compactum ( Triticum compactum Host. ). The results show that common wheat has the highest genetic polymorphism, followed by spelt and then compactum. The mean genetic distance between the populations is higher than that within a population, and similar tendency is detected for individual genomes A, B and D. Therefore, spelt and compactum can be used as potential germplasms for wheat breeding, especially for enriching the genetic variation in genome D. As compared with spelt, the genetic diversity between common wheat and compactum is much smaller, indicating a closer consanguine relationship between these two species. Although the polymorphism revealed by EST-SSR is lower than that by genomic-SSR, it can effectively differentiate diverse genotypes as well. Together with our present results, it is concluded that EST-SSR marker is an ideal marker for assessing the genetic diversity in wheat. Meanwhile, the origin and evolution of hexaploid wheat is also analyzed and discussed.     

Geographical genetic diversity and divergence of common wild rice （O. rufipogon Griff.） in China

Using 36 SSR markers and 889 accessions of common wild rice in China, the genetic diversity and the divergence among different geographical populations are investigated. Guangdong Province has the largest number of alleles, which account for 84% of the total alleles detected in the study, followed by Guangxi Province. The Nei＇s gene diversity indices, from high to low, are in the sequence of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Yunnan provinces. Two genetic diversity centers of Chinese common wild rice are detected on the basis of geographic analysis, i.e., the region covering Boluo, Zijin, Lufeng, Haifeng, Huidong and Huiyang counties of Guangdong Province and the region covering Yongning, Longan, Laibin and Guigang counties of Guangxi Province. The common wild rice in Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces are diverged into respectively independent populations with relatively large genetic distances, whereas, those in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces have relatively low genetic divergence. Under the condition of geographic separation, natural selection is considered as one of the primary forces contributing to the divergence of common wild rice in China.     

Geographical genetic diversity and divergence of common wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) in China

Using 36 SSR markers and 889 accessions of common wild rice in China, the genetic diversity and the divergence among different geographical populations are investigated. Guangdong Province has the largest number of alleles, which account for 84% of the total alleles detected in the study, followed by Guangxi Province. The Nei's gene diversity indices, from high to low, are in the sequence of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Yunnan provinces. Two genetic diversity centers of Chinese common wild rice are detected on the basis of geographic analysis, i.e., the region covering Boluo, Zijin, Lufeng, Haifeng, Huidong and Huiyang counties of Guangdong Province and the region covering Yongning, Longan, Laibin and Guigang counties of Guangxi Province. The common wild rice in Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces are diverged into respectively independent populations with relatively large genetic distances, whereas, those in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces have relatively low genetic divergence. Under the condition of geographic separation, natural selection is considered as one of the primary forces contributing to the divergence of common wild rice in China.     

略论培养可持续发展意识与构建和谐社会的关系

高校重视并不断加强可持续发展意识教育，是培养适合当代中国社会发展需要的高素质、高质量人才的重要举措，对于我国建设可持续发展的和谐社会具有重要意义。从目前我国高校实际出发，可持续发展意识培养应从多途径展开，协调配合，力求实效。     

Structural and biochemical mechanism responsible for the stay-green phenotype in common wheat

In order to increase the supply of assimilated carbon to grain, a new stay-green wheat cultivar, Chuannong17 (CN17), with delayed leaf senescence, carrying wheat-rye 1RS.1BL translo- cated chromosome was developed. CN17 exhibited distinct differences in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, activity of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) during the grain filling stage, and flag leaf senescence compared with the control. The new cultivar maintained longer and higher photosyn- thetic competence compared with the control, and this aspect correlated with the difference in chloro-plast development. Moreover, the stay-green pheno-type of CN17 was also observed under natural growth conditions. Consequently, the coordination of the physiological, biochemical, and structural aspects in the stay-green cultivar produced higher seed weights and per-plant yield compared with the control cultivar.     

略论培养可持续发展意识与构建和谐社会的关系

高校重视并不断加强可持续发展意识教育,是培养适合当代中国社会发展需要的高素质、高质量人才的重要举措,对于我国建设可持续发展的和谐社会具有重要意义。从目前我国高校实际出发,可持续发展意识培养应从多途径展开,协调配合,力求实效。     

春小麦产量及穗部主要性状的配合力分析

用选定的8个春小麦亲本进行4×4不完全双列杂交,对所得的F1代的产量等9个性状配合力进行分析.结果表明,各性状的一般配合力效应值与表型值之间都存在极显著正相关且在16个杂交组合间存在由基因型引起的真实遗传差异,其中,产量、株高、主穗长度、蛋白质含量在杂交组合间的表现差异是加性基因和非加性基因共同作用的结果,有效穗数、单株粒数、单株粒重是由非加性基因决定的.父本组对主穗小穗数的影响较大,母本组对千粒重的影响较大.各性状对产量的影响比较大而且都是正面影响,对蛋白质含量的影响较小,且有负面影响.母本格莱尼、毛娃娃与父本陕西超大穗、青春533的一般配合力综合效应值高,杂交组合互助红×阿勃、毛娃娃×陕西超大穗特殊配合力综合效应值高于其他组合.     

Chromosome sorting and its applications in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome sequencing

The large genome size (～17000 Mb) and complicated DNA structures of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) hamper its genome sequencing.By means of flow cytometry,systematic investigations on individual chromosome sorting have been carried out to construct chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries since the 1980s.Several wheat chromosome-specific BAC libraries,such as chromosome 3B,three D genome chromosomes (1D,4D and 6D),and the short arm of chromosome 1B,have been developed,and the ph...