Dopamine and octopamine in whole body extracts of the bulb mite

Summary Using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, whole body extracts of the bulb mite,Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze and Robin), were found to contain the biogenic amines dopamine and octopamine at concentrations of 4.3±0.6 and 2.3±1.4 ng g^–1 wet weight, respectively. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, tyramine,N-methyldopamine,N-acetyldopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine, if present, were below the limits of detectability. This is the initial demonstration of the presence of octopamine in a mite species.     

Enhanced phagocytic function in vivo after whole body irradiation

Résumé Chez des souris irradiées, le carbone colloidal et les bactériesE. coli marquées au⁵¹Cr ont été éliminés plus rapidement de la circulation. En étudiant la distribution de la radioactivité dans les divers organes, on conclut que cette évacuation plus rapide résulte d'une activité phagocytaire plus intense des cellules réticuloendothéliales du foie plutôt que d'une augmentation générale de la perméabilité du système vasculaire.     

Role of cell cycle regulators in adipose tissue and whole body energy homeostasis

In the course of the last decades, metabolism research has demonstrated that adipose tissue is not an inactive tissue. Rather, adipocytes are key actors of whole body energy homeostasis. Numerous novel regulators of adipose tissue differentiation and function have been identified. With the constant increase of obesity and associated disorders, the interest in adipose tissue function alterations in the XXIst century has become of paramount importance. Recent data suggest that adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue browning and mitochondrial function, lipogenesis and lipolysis are strongly modulated by the cell division machinery. This review will focus on the function of cell cycle regulators in adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue function and whole body energy homeostasis; with particular attention in mouse studies.     

Blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) of the whole body and some organs of the rat

Summary Methods are described for estimation of blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) in the whole body and in some organs with⁵¹Cr,¹⁴C-thiocyanate and³H-inulin. A mean blood volume of 47 ml/kg, a thiocyanate space of 350 ml/kg and a inulin space of 288 ml/kg were determined in the rat. The corresponding values of organs are shown in figures 1–3.     

Locomotor behavior in relation to octopamine levels in the antLasius niger

Summary The heads and bodies of hyperactive and hypoactive ants, selected on the basis of motor activity, were tested for their octopamine content. The level was found to be significantly higher in hyperactive animals. A possible involvement of octopamine in locomotor behavior is discussed.     

Occurrence of octopamine in the soft tissues of the gastropod molluscPeristerina nassatula Lamarck

Summary The soft tissues of the gastropod molluscPeristernia nassatula contain large amounts (30–60 g/g) of octopamine, which, in all probability, is concentrated in the hypobranchial gland. Smaller amounts of the amine are present also in the soft tissues of the gastropodsBulla adamsi andLatirus polygonatus.This work was supported by grants from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma.     

Weak neuronal accumulation of octopamine in dopaminergic neurons of the rabbit retina

Summary Dopaminergic retinal neurons become weakly radioactive after the injection of tritiated octopamine into the vitreous, but no other neurons do so. This indicates the absence of any effective mechanism for the accumulation of octopamine in rabbit retina. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A2025055 00008     

Time-course of changes in lipofuscin-like pigments in rat liver homogenate and mitochondria after whole body gamma irradiation

Summary An increased level of lipofuscin-like pigments in rat liver homogenate was observed 18 days after whole body gamma irradiation, while in mitochondria they decreased below the control value.     

Neuromodulation by serotonin and octopamine in the honeybee: behaviour,neuroanatomy and electrophysiology

The biogenic amines serotonin (5HT) and octopamine (OA) exist in the bee and can modulate neuronal activity and behaviour. 5HT-like and OA-like immunoreactivities can be found in most neuropils of the brain. Binding sites for the two amines are also present in most brain neuropils. The highest density of binding sites for [³H]serotonin and [³H]octopamine was found in the mushroom bodies. In some brain areas, especially the mushroom bodies, mismatches exist between binding sites and immunoreactivities, suggesting that the two amines also bind to neuropils which are not directly innervated by 5HT-like or OA-like immunoreactive neurons. The action of the two amines on behaviour in the bee is antagonistic. In the antennal pathway, proboscis and antennal responses to olfactory and gustatory stimuli are enhanced by OA and reduced by 5HT. In olfactory conditioning experiments, storage and retrieval of the learned signal can be enhanced by OA and reduced by 5HT. The specificity of these effects depends on the site of amine application in the neuropil. In the visual system the direction specificity of the visual antennal response is enhanced by OA and reduced by 5HT after topical application or injection into the lobula, the third optic ganglion. Correlates for the behavioural modulation can be found in higher-order visual interneurons. While OA application can mimic the stimulation of the bee with sugar water, the behavioural conditions leading to the release of 5HT are not yet known.     

Accumulation of taurine in the nasal mucosa and the olfactory bulb

Using whole-body autoradiography of 14C-taurine in mice we have observed a high concentration in the nasal mucosa followed by accumulation in the olfactory bulb at longer survival times. When 14C-taurine was administered in the nasal cavity unilaterally, a high accumulation was observed in the ipsilateral olfactory bulb.     

Dopamine in the visual cortex of the cat

The endogenous content of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) was determined by radioenzymatic assays in three different areas of the occipital (visual) cortex, in normal cats as well as in DA-deafferented animals. The use of HPLC methodology enabled us to detect and measure in addition two metabolites of DA: 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), thus confirming the existence of a DA innervation in this cortical region.     

Dopamine and adenosinetriphosphatase changes in the corpus striatum of the rat

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass im Ratten-Striatum die Reserpin-induzierte Dopamin-Depletion mit einer Erhöhung der ATPase-Aktivität verbunden ist.     

The presence of octopamine in the brain ofHelix aspersa and its action on specific snail neurones

Résumé L'octopamine est présente dans le tissue nerveus l'escargot,Helix aspersa. Elle a un effet fortement inhibitoire sur certains neurones. Ces neurones sont aussi sensibles à la dopamine et à la noradrénaline. Le mécanisme possible de l'action de l'octopamine est discuté.     

Dopamine and cerebral cortical blood flow in the rat

Summary Dopamine topically applied to the cerebral cortex (1–20 g/ml) or administered i.v. (0.5–64 g/kg/min) has no effects on cerebral cortical blood flow in the rat.     

The effect on the onset of puberty of whole body irradiation of infant female rats with and without hypothalamic lesions

Résumé Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que la lésion de l'hypothalame provoquée par la microcoagulation accélère l'apparition de la puberté des rats totalement irradiés aux rayons X, ce qui est le cas aussi chez des rats normaux. Mais l'apparition de la puberté est retardée proportionnellement aux doses de rayons X appliquées, indépendamment de la microcoagulation.     

Adenylate cyclase in the developing rat cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb

Summary Activities of adenylate cyclase, measured either in the absence of sodium fluoride and Triton X-100, are determined in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb homogenate of rats of 1 to 35 days of postnatal age. Differences in properties of the enzyme in the 2 structures are demonstrated.     

Adenylate cyclase in the developing rat cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb

Activities of adenylate cyclase, measured either in the absence or presence of sodium fluoride and Triton X-100, are determined in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb homogenate of rats of 1 to 35 days of postnatal age. Differences in properties of the enzyme in the 2 structures are demonstrated.     

Electroencephalography of the olfactory bulb in relation to prespawn homing

Summary remarks It is evident that the bulbar EEG is a complex response which can be influenced by several methodological and stimulant variables. What EEG patterns tell us about actual behavior remains obscure. The bulbar EEG which is evoked by homestream water is not necessarily a reflection of olfactory memory. The evoked bulbar EEG also does not necessarily demonstrate the salmon has distinguished the home-water from another water in terms of migrational orientation. Despite lack of absolute specificity, a correlation between bulbar EEG and actual behavioral performance has been observed even though some non-home waters evoke responses similar to that of the home water. In general it has been found that the home water response can be distinguished from the response to other natural waters. Failure to obtain complete specificity may be due to a variety of variables which have been alluded to earlier in this section. Thus considering that the evoked EEG is a reflection of the integration of a diverse afferent input, further electrical and computer analyses may eventually permit the decoding of the EEG in terms of behavior. However, if the EEG proves to be more a quantitative rather than qualitative reflection of brain activity, relating EEG to behavior will prove to be of limited value. Since afferent responses in the olfactory bulb are influenced by impulses from higher brain centers, studies on centrifugal aspects during olfactory stimulation may be useful in gaining some qualitative understanding of the home water evoked EEG of the olfactory bulb.     

An efferent respiratory modulation demonstrated in the olfactory bulb of the rat

The multiunit activity from mitral cells in the Rat olfactory bulb is modulated according to the respiratory cycle. Respiration and neuronal activity still coincide in tracheotomized animals, provided the olfactory peduncle is left intact.     

Study on the distribution of methyl-mercury (203Hg) by whole body autoradiography of macaque monkeys (Macaca irus)]

The distribution of methyl-mercury labelled with mercury-203 has been studied in Monkeys by whole body autoradiography technique. The mercury is rapidly absorbed. It is localized in all the body and mainly in well defined areas of the central nervous system.