On the significance of the rostral process of bipolar neurosecretory cells in the caudal neurosecretory system of certain catfishes

Summary Neurosecretory substance has been identified in the rostral process of bipolar neurosecretory cells of the caudal neurosecretory system in 4 Indian catfishes, using acid violet stain. The role of the rostral process in the transmission of the neurosecretory substance is discussed.We thank Prof. U.S. Srivastava, Allahabad University, for laboratory facilities and useful suggestions. The U.G.C. financial assistance under the Faculty Improvement Programme, to one of us (H.C.S.) is gratefully acknowledged.     

On the significance of the rostral process of bipolar neurosecretory cells in the caudal neurosecretory system of certain catfishes

Neurosecretory substance has been identified in the rostral process of bipolar neurosecretory cells of the caudal neurosecretory system in 4 Indian catfishes, using acid violet stain. The role of the rostral process in the transmission of the neurosecretory substance is discussed.     

Central nervous system stem cells in the embryo and adult

The central nervous system is generated from neural stem cells during embryonic development. These cells are multipotent and generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The last few years it has been found that there are populations of stem cells also in the adult mammalian brain and spinal cord. In this paper, we review the recent development in the field of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Received 26 March 1998; received after revision 27 April 1998; accepted 27 April 1998     

On the activity of neurosecretory cells in the flesh-flySarcophaga bullata

Résumé L'activité des cellules neurosécretrices dans le cerveau de la femelle deSarcophaga bullata est en corrélation avec le développement des larves dans la femelle et leur position.     

Neuronal properties of the neurosecretory cells in the flySarcophaga bullata

Zusammenfassung Endogene Erregungspotentiale wurden von den Perikarya der protozerebralen, neurosekretorischen Zellen der FleischfliegeSarcophaga bullata abgeleitet. Diese Potentiale scheinen nur teilweise in die Perikarya einzudringen. Erregungshemmende postsynaptische Potentiale wurden ebenfalls festgestellt. Sie scheinen ihren Ursprung nahe der Somata zu haben. Potentiale wurden selten von den geschwollenen Endungen der neurosekretorischen Neuriten des Corpus Cardiacum abgeleitet.     

Migratory patterns of clonally related cells in the developing central nervous system

Summary Neurons and glioblasts that arise in the ventricular zone migrate to form discrete nuclei and laminae as the central nervous system develops. By stably labeling precursor cells in the ventricular zone, pathways taken by different cells within an individual clone can be described. We have used recombinant retroviruses to label precursor cells with a heritable marker, theE. coli lacZ gene; clones of lacZ-positive cells are later mapped histochemically. Here we review results from three regions of the chicken central nervous system — the optic tectum, spinal cord, and forebrain - and compare them with previous results from mammalian cortex and other regions of the vertebrate CNS. In particular, we consider the relationship between migratory patterns and functional organization, the existence of multiple cellular sources of migratory guidance, and the issue of whether a cell's choice of migratory pathway influences its ultimate phenotype.     

Migratory patterns of clonally related cells in the developing central nervous system

Neurons and glioblasts that arise in the ventricular zone migrate to form discrete nuclei and laminae as the central nervous system develops. By stably labeling precursor cells in the ventricular zone, pathways taken by different cells within an individual clone can be described. We have used recombinant retroviruses to label precursor cells with a heritable marker, the E. coli lacZ gene; clones of lacZ-positive cells are later mapped histochemically. Here we review results from three regions of the chicken central nervous system--the optic tectum, spinal cord, and forebrain--and compare them with previous results from mammalian cortex and other regions of the vertebrate CNS. In particular, we consider the relationship between migratory patterns and functional organization, the existence of multiple cellular sources of migratory guidance, and the issue of whether a cell's choice of migratory pathway influences its ultimate phenotype.     

The nature of the solitary active cells of the central nervous system

Résumé Les cellules actives isolées du système nerveux central démontrées par la méthode deHess-Pearse pour le TPN-H diaphorase, sont des neurones. Ceux-ci sont identifiés par une méthode de coloration argentine que l'on peut pratiquer directement sur les coupes enzymatiques. La recette de cette méthode est donnée.     

Kinesins in the nervous system

Both the development and the maintenance of neurons require a great deal of active cytoplasmic transport. Much of this transport is driven by microtubule motor proteins. Membranous organelles and other macromolecular assemblies bind motor proteins that then use cycles of adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis to move these 'cargoes' along microtubules. Different sets of cargoes are transported to distinct locations in the cell. The resulting differential distribution of materials almost certainly plays an important part in generating polarized neuronal morphologies and in maintaining their vectorial signalling activities. A number of different microtubule motor proteins function in neurons; presumably they are specialized for accomplishing different transport tasks. Questions about specific motor functions and the functional relationships between different motors present a great challenge. The answers will provide a much deeper understanding of fundamental transport mechanisms, as well as how these mechanisms are used to generate and sustain cellular asymmetries.     

Studies on vesiculated and non-vesiculated hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in the dog

Resumen El tamatroyel número de neuronas vesiculadas en los núcleos neurosecretores del perro están significativamente correlacionados con el largo axonal. Despues de la sección del tallo hipofisiario, las células vesiculadas degeneran más rapidamente que las no-vesiculadas. Estos resultados permiten suponer que las vesículas neurosecretoras se originan como resultado de mecanismos de secreción neuroapocrina en los axones.     

A new neurosecretory system in fish,located in the gill region

Summary A peculiar neurosecretory system is reported in 6 teleost species;Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Mystus seenghala, Ompak pabda, Glassogobius giuris andNotopterus notopterus. It is located in the gill region close to the pseudobranch or to the carotid labyrinth. The neurosecretory cells have been identified using stains specific for neurosecretion. The results are discussed in the light of the association of the neurosecretory system with the pseudobranch or the carotid labyrinth, and the airbreathing habit of these fishes.We are grateful to Prof. U.S. Srivastava for providing laboratory facilities and for encouragement. The work was financially supported by U.G.C. Research Project grant awarded to C.B.L.S., which is thankfully acknowledged. Thanks are due to M. Seal and Amarlata for technical help rendered.     

Interrelations of glial cells and axons in the postembryonic development of the nervous system ofTubifex tubifex

Summary Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the role of gliosomes in the postembryonic development of the central nervous system in Tubifex (Oligochaetes).     

Effect ofl- andd-thyroxine on the supraoptic neurosecretory ganglion cells of the rat

Zusammenfassung Mittels grosser Dosen vonl- undd-Thyroxin erhielt man keine deutlichen Veränderungen in der Menge und Verteilung von neurosekretorischem Material in den Zellen des Nucleus supraopticus bei der männlichen Ratte. Das Volumen der Kerne dieser Zellen nahm dagegen zu, besonders bei mitl-Thyroxin behandelten Ratten. Diese Veränderungen sprechen für eine vermehrte neurosekretorische Aktivität dieser Zellen.

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This investigation was supported by a grant from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Helsinki. The authors wish also to express appreciation to Pharmacia Company, Sweden for generous supplies of Na-d-thyroxine used in this study, and to MissS. Nurminen for technical assistance.