Entwicklung und Probleme der Schnee- und Gletscherkunde in der Schweiz

Ohne ZusammenfassungAbteilung für Erdbauforschung der Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau an der ETH.     

Zur Kristallstruktur der Mineralien der Chabasit- und der Faujasitgruppe

Summary Preliminary results are given on the structure of faujasite and gmelinite.     

Aktivität der Aldolase und der Succinatdehydrogenase (SDH) in der weissen und roten Skelettmuskulatur junger und alter Ratten

Summary The activity of aldolase and succinatdehydrogenase (SDH) in white and red skeletal muscle of young (3–7 months) and old (20–30 months) rats has been determined. In addition also the SDH of liver was measured. The activity of aldolase is higher in white than in red muscles, while SDH shows a higher activity in red than in white muscles. The activity of aldolase is not influenced by ageing in white muscles, but decreased in red muscles by 23%. In old animals the activity of SDH is 34% less in white and 52% less in red muscles. In liver the activity is 44% less. The significance of these changes for the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle is discussed.     

Wirkung der Adrenalektomie und Desoxycorticosteronbehandlung auf die Ascorbinämie und Ascorbinurie der Katze

Summary Two cats were adrenalectomized and kept healthy with daily injections of desoxycorticosterone acetate. The ascorbic acid concentration of blood and urine remained the same as in normal controls. When Dexoxy-corticosterone was omitted, a crisis ensued but the blood and urine concentration of ascorbic acid did not decrease.     

Reserpin und Glykogengehalt der Organe

Summary In fasted white mice, 1–18 h after the injection of 5 mg/kg Reserpine the glycogen content of brain, heart, skeletal muscle and liver is significantly increased (about 100%, in liver nearly 300%). It is suggested that this is due to an enhanced synthesis of glycogen from non-carbohydrate material.Concerning the underlying mechanism, it is pointed out that after reserpine there occurs a release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and-by stimulation of the anterior pituitary-an enhanced production of corticoids.Simultaneously with the increase of the brain glycogen, the level of lactic acid is decreased, whereas the ATP-, ADP- and AMP-content of the brain remains practically unaffected.

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Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Bau und Funktion der Nukleolen

Summary In previous years the composition and function of chromosomes have been analyzed to a considerable extent, in contrast to the small number of investigations that have been made on nucleoli. There exist at present many conflicting opinions about the structure and function of the nucleolus, and therefore a critical survey of the facts and theories about the nucleolar substance appears necessary.The structure, chemical composition and metabolism of the nucleoli of various cells are described in this publication. The regulation of the size and function of the nucleolus is also discussed.It is concluded that the size and structure of the nucleolus is organ- and species-specific. A rapid synthesis of RNA and proteins occurs in the nucleolus. After a short interval, this disappears; and it is therefore concluded that the nucleolus must have a high turnover of these substances. The size and function of the nucleoli depends on the energy state of the cytoplasm.It appears that the nucleolus can synthesize proteins which can be utilized by the chromosomes during their genetic function.     

Fortschritte und Ergebnisse der Zellkulturmethodik

Summary In this brief review, the development of modern quantitative methods for the cultivation of mammalien cellsin vitro is described, and present knowledge of their nutritional requirements is presented. In addition, some applications of these techniques in biochemistry, pharmacology, virology, genetics, and radiobiology are discussed.     

Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze,des Kaninchens und der Ratte

Summary The concentration of noradrenaline in different parts of the heart was estimated in cats, rabbits, and rats. In each heart, the concentration of noradrenaline was much higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium and higher in the right ventricle than in the left one.     

Prednisolon-Na-succinat und die Phagozytose der Leukozyten

Summary Intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg body weight prednisolon-Na-succinate (P) decreased, after 24 h, by 30% the bacterial phagocytosis of leukocytes of rabbits. After 48 h, the effect became a slight increase. At a dosis of 0.3 mg/kg, P exerts a stimulating effect which ceases within some hours. Inin vitro experiments, it showed increased or decreased action depending upon the concentration. When perfused through the liver, the efficacy of P rises strikingly.     

Mitochondrien und Citrullinsynthese in der Leber

Summary By differential centrifugation of rat-liver homogenates prepared in isotonic solutions of mannitol it is possible to obtain mitochondria in suspensions that are apparently free from other cellular components. Our preparation contains all of the enzymes responsible for the conversion of ornithine to citrulline with glutamic acid and ammonium or glutamine. The synthesis is strongly inhibited by Janus green, which is a specific vital stain for mitochondria.     

Ergebnisse und Probleme der organischen Anionochemie

Summary In the alkali-metal organic compounds , the organic part of the molecule, which is negatively charged, displays, as anion or as cryptoanion, a specific activity which becomes evident in the metallation (anionisation) of organic molecules, and in the processes of substitution, addition, elimination, and isomerisation. The present-day state of opinions is described by characteristic examples.

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Nach einem Vortrag in der Heidelberger Akademie im Juli 1958.     

Über das Vorkommen und die Natur der Cholinesterase der Schlangengifte

Summary An enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine is present in the dried venoms of 19 species of theColubridae (9 genera), but not in the venoms of more than 20 species of theViperidae (7 genera). The enzyme behaves like the e-Cholinesterase of the mammalian tissues.     

Synthese neuer Schlafmittel der Pyridin- und Piperidinreihe

Summary 2, 4-Diketo-3, 3-dialkyl-5-methyl-piperidines and their N-alkyl-derivatives proved to be highly active and long-lasting, well-tolerated hypnotics. Three different methods for their preparation are described.     

Die modernen Methoden und Ergebnisse der Geophysik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über Substitutionsgene und Transfer der Genfunktion

Summary In some favorable cases it can be shown that in a given genotype there are more genes present than necessary to produce a certain character. By the aid of such substitute-genes evolved under the protection of present genes of analogous action the phylogenetic stability of a character can be assured with more certainty. On the other hand, in the case of loss of the older ancestral gene the identity of the phenotype is safeguarded now by the substitute-gene formerly present merely in a latent condition. The substitute-gene takes over the function of the gene lost. In the course of phylogenetic divergence of two forms those of their characters being of the same phenotypical manifestation can be produced by different systems of substitute-genes, added to the genotypes under divergent evolution.     

Röntgenstrahlen und Aufbau der Materie

Summary X-rays have proved exceptionally useful in the investigation of the structure of matter, especially since the discovery of X-ray diffraction in crystals. A survey is given of the development of research into crystal structures and stress is laid on the value of the international co-operation achieved in this field. The use of X-ray diffraction, at first restricted to the determination of crystal structures, has in the course of time been extended far beyond the limits of crystallography. Today diffraction methods offer a widely applicable means of scientific research and one particularly adapted to the technical testing of materials. Further important applications of X-rays in science and technology are provided by radiography and X-ray spectroscopy.     

Faserspezifischer Aufbau und Digitalisgehalt der menschlichen Skelettmuskulatur

Summary In 2 patients digitalized with digoxin or betamethyldigoxin, postmortal glycoside concentrations were determined in 7 different skeletal muscle specimens by radioimmunoassay. In the same specimens, planimetric measurements of histochemical fibre types I and II were carried out. There were higher glycoside concentrations in predominantly type I fibre muscle biopsies.

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Nach einem Vortrag auf der Arbeitstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft «Bekämpfung der Muskelkrankheiten» in Würzburg, Mai 1976.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt. Wir danken Frl. A. Berens für die technische Assistenz.