Abstossung von Tumoren unter Einwirkung von anorganischem Diphosphat

Summary Eels with dermal tumors, consisting mainly of undifferentiated epidermal cells, have been treated with inorganic diphosphate. Depending on concentration of the diphosphate used, the tumors show either an increased number of mucous cells or they are repelled. In the adjacent tissue of the cutis, during these processes, a great number of lymphocytes and macrophages are found. Three possibilities are offered to explain these facts, the most important of which is that the diphosphate increases the ability of the tumor cells to redifferentiate. Consequently, formation of tumor specific antigens is induced, as a result of which the tumor is destroyed by an immunbiological reaction.     

Gewinnung von Chloroplasten ohne Verwendung von Flüssigkeiten

Summary A method is described for the isolation of chloroplasts from powder of frozen-dried leaves without using any liquids.     

Der Einfluss von adrenergen Rezeptoren-Blockern auf die Wirksamkeit von Strahlenschutzsubstanzen

Summary The effect of -adrenergic receptor-inhibitors was examined in relation to the effectiveness of radioprotective agents. The results, when mice were irradiated, show that the receptor-inhibitors significantly reduced the effect of the applied protectors.     

Der Einfluss von Chlorpromazin auf die oxydative Phosphorylierung von Tumormitochondrien

Summary High concentrations of chlorpromazine cause a considerable decrease of the oxidative phosphorylation of tumor mitochondria and rat liver mitochondria. Regarding preliminary experimental and clinical investigations, we assume that malignant tumors can be sensitised to cytotoxic substances and ionising radiations impairing their energy metabolism by uncoupling the oxidative phosphorylation.     

Absorptionsspektrum von Melaninpigment

Summary The microphotometric absorptiometry of single isolated melanin granula and the photometric analysis of a KOH extract from a melanoblastoma metastasis show an extinction strongly increasing to the violet end of the spectrum, without any remarkable extinction maximum.

---

---

Die Arbeit wurde mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft ausgeführt.     

Molekulargewichtsbestimmung von Kalbsherzmyosin

Summary Sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, partial specific volume, intrinsic viscosity, ATP-ase activity and molecular weight of cardiac myosin from calf hearts were determined. The values agree well with the results ofMueller et al.⁴ for cardiac myosin of the dog, and are not essentially different from values reported for skeletal myosins.¹      

Reinigung von F-antigen

Summary F-antigens are glycoproteins with s ₂₀ ^c , 0.1M NaCl=5.4 and a main component in SDS-polyacrylamide of molecular weight of 40,000. Separation of F-antigens is described; with the methods used they are indistinguishable.

---

---

Arbeit mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Kredit Nr. 5254.3). Herrn Dr.H. Mosimann danke ich für die Hilfe bei der analytischen Ultrazentrifugation, Frl.U. Kohler für Mitarbeit und Herstellung der Skizzen.     

Zur Bildung von Carbonylverbindungen in Fetten nach Einwirkung von Elektronenstrahlen

Summary Investigations of the formation of carbonyl compounds in fats subjected to electron rays (100 Mrad) have been reported. More than 20 different substances can be determined by gasliquid-chromatography. The splitting of the ester-C-O-C-bonds is mostly accompanied by a fracture of the fatty acid chain and carbonyl compounds with 6 to 12 C-atoms are essentially formed (aldehydes mostly up to 9 C-atoms). A relatively high concentration of unsaturated C₉-ketones and a small amount of ketones with more than 13 C-atoms has been found in irradiated tripalmitin and palmitic acid. None of these higher compounds could be detected in unsaturated oils, which contain more C₁₁- and C₁₂-ketones.     

Identifizierung von Psilocin

Summary Psilocin, a by-product of Psilocybin which is the active principle of hallucinogenic mushrooms, has been identified as 4-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine.     

Intraaxonaler Transport von 3H-Uridin-Verbindungen im Tractus opticus von Teleosteern

Summary After application of 3-H uridine to one eye-ball, an intraaxonal flow of RNA (1–3 mm/d) and low-molecular uridine-compounds (30–50 mm/d) has been demonstrated in the optic tract ofScardinius erythrophtalmus andCarassius carassius (Teleostei).     

Die Wirkung von Vasopressin und Oxytocin auf das Nervensystem von Insekten

Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin are antagonistically effective substances with inverse dependence on concentration in the nervous system of insects. These results emphasize the central importance of neurohormonal control of general response in the nervous system.     

Photolyse von N-Nitroso-22,26-iminocholestanen: Eine neue Synthese von Spirosolan-Alkaloiden

Summary Photolysis of N-nitroso-22,26-imino-5-cholestane-3,16-diols in acidic solution leads to the corresponding spirosolane alkaloids soladulcidine, solasodine and tomatidine, respectively.

---

---

Photochemische Reaktionen, 5. Mitteilung. — 3. und 4. Mitteilung vgl.². Die vorliegende Arbeit ist zugleich 62. Mitteilung der ReiheSolanum-Alkaloide.     

Über die Bildung von Malondialdehyd bei der Bestrahlung von Glycerin

Summary A strong pH dependence of the radiation induced formation of malondialdehyde in 1% glycerol solution was observed. The following G-values were found: 0,202 at pH 2,35, 0,017 at pH 5,50 and 0,168 at pH 8,55.     

Die Wirkung von Adrenalin auf das Ruhepotential von Myokardfasern des Vorhofs

Summary Dog auricle fibres were impaled by 2 intracellular electrodes. The first electrode measured the effect of adrenaline on the resting potential, and through the second one electrotonic impulses were applied.Adrenaline increases the resting potential by 1–35 mV. The polarisation is higher at a low resting potential and increases with the dose.Small polarisations were not accompanied by a detectable change of the membrane resistance. During higher polarisations, the membrane resistance was reduced to 50%.

---

---

Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Sichtbarmachung von Glasmikroelektroden mit Hilfe von Fluorescein

Summary Glass microelectrodes were filled with 3M KCl containing 2 g of sodium fluoresceine/l. The glass-tips of the electrodes are visible under the microscope in a blue activating light.     

Aufnahme von thymidin durch mastocytomzellenin vitro unter der einwirkung von podophyllumstoffen

Summary SP-G and SP-I, two podophyllum preparations with spindle poison activity, were tested for their effect on³H-thymidine incorporation into P-815 mastocytoma cellsin vitro. Concentrations which inhibited cell multiplication completely did not affect DNA-synthesis as measured by thymidine incorporation.     

Aktivierende Wirkung von Luzerne-Extrakten auf die Aktivität von Estradioldipropionat

Summary In the residuum from 0.1n HCl extract of alfalfa obtained by precipitation with lead acetate and H₂S and evaporation to dryness, a substance is present which potentiates the activity of oestradioldipropionate. This potentiation of oestrogen activity is directly proportional to the amount of applied oestrogen.     

Einfluss von Streptomycin und von Tetracyclinen auf die Entwicklung keimender Samen

Summary Euler (1947) andM. L. Stein (1953) had observed that germinating seeds of barley, rye, wheat and other grasses are colourless when exposed to solutions containing more than 0.2% of streptomycin or dihydrostreptomycin. These plants are not inhibited in growth. The chlorophyll already formed is not destroyed by streptomycin.The present authors describe the bleaching effect on germinating seeds of chlortetracycline and tetracycline. These antibiotics inhibit or reduce the formation of chlorophyll in germinating seeds but the authors could not obtain this inhibition without toxic effects (reduced growth). Contrary to streptomycin, the tetracyclines are not able to precipitate nucleic acids and nucleoproteins.     

Neues Verfahren zur Messung von Krümmung und Streuwinkeln von Nebelkammerbahnen

Summary A method is described which allows not only to determine the radius of curvature but also to recognize and eliminate impacts at angles larger than 1°, which the particle suffers in the cloud chamber gas. The size of the angles can be determined. It is shown, moreover, that the sum of the squares of the angles of scattering (for unit of length, calculated from the measured angles) is larger by a factor of 10–100 than the one calculated according to theory.