C和Mo多重离子注入H13钢的腐蚀性能

研究了C＋Mo＋C注入结构和相变,用多重扫描电位法研究了其抗腐蚀特性,得出了抗腐蚀相生存的条件,以及这些相对抗腐蚀特性的作用,并对其改性机理进行了讨论,实验结果表明,在C＋Mo＋C双注入H13钢中,可有效地提高H13钢的抗性,并能提高点蚀电位,使之更耐点蚀,三重注入生成了含Fe2Mo,FeMo合金相和MoC,Fe5C3,Fe7C3,Mo和MoO等的表面钝化膜,这种钝化膜的存在可提高H13钢的耐腐蚀性和抗 蚀特性,其抗腐蚀和抗点蚀特性优于单注入和双注入,这种多重注入最可贵之处在于既可提高钢表面的抗点蚀特性,又能提高钢表面的抗腐蚀特性。     

碳、钨离子共注入H13钢表面改性的研究

将不同单质机械混合,在不增加注入机离子源数目的基础上实现了不同离子的共注入.发现C+W离子共注入使H13钢表面强化,硬度和抗磨损能力提高,且注量的增大加强了这种强化效果.共注入增强了H13钢的抗均匀腐蚀能力,且比双注入效果好.在开始的15个周期致钝电流密度保持为零.C+W离子共注入提高了H13钢点蚀电位,大注量(4×1017 cm-2)注入时,点蚀电位升高了200mV,而双注入则使点蚀电位有所降低.     

Ti注入钢时金属间化合物形成对钢强化机理的研究

探讨了 Ti 注入 H13钢时形成 Ti 和 Fe 合金相的规律以及 Ti 注入钢的硬化机理.根据辐射损伤理论给出了离子注入引起的空位和间隙原子产生率微分方程,并导出了平衡态时方程的解.研究了注量、能量和靶温对合金形成的影响.注入后退火的样品表面硬度可提高40～50%.用 X衍射和透射电子显微镜测量了 Fe_2Ti 和 FeTi 合金相.用维氏硬度计测量了上述诸条件下注入样品的表面硬度,用针盘磨损机测量了样品抗磨损特性.分析了这些合金相对表面硬化和抗磨损影响的机制.     

Al对淬回火H11钢力学性能和碳化物的影响

研究了Al质量分数为0.77％及不含Al的H11钢在不同淬回火处理工艺下的硬度和冲击功的变化规律,并对两种钢原始退火态、1060℃淬火、1060℃淬火+510℃回火、1060℃淬火+560℃回火和1060℃淬火+600℃回火处理后的试样进行碳化物萃取,同时借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了Al对H11钢中碳化物形态及类型的影响.结果表明:(1)Al能提高H11钢的冲击韧性和回火硬度,但会使淬火硬度有所降低.(2)Al可以促进H11钢淬火过程中碳化物的溶解和元素的均匀分布.(3)Al会阻碍H11钢回火过程中碳化物的析出和聚集,这种作用在560℃以下回火时更加显著.(4)Al可以使H11钢回火时的(Fe,Cr)2C、MoC、Cr7C3类碳化物更加稳定,抑制(Fe,Cr)3C、Mo2C和Cr23C6类碳化物的析出,这是因为Al可以阻碍H11钢中碳及合金元素在回火过程中的聚集.     

Fe离子注入ZrO2的研究

陶瓷材料的表面性能在很大程度上取决于其表面条件.例如:陶瓷的表面微裂纹影响着机械强度,而磁学及电学性能则对其表面结构及化学成份非常敏感.近年来离子注入法已经开辟了研制现代材料的新途径,并被广泛应用于金属、半导体及部分聚合物材料中.对于陶瓷材料,目前大多数有关这方面的研究集中于改善陶瓷表面的机械性能,很少有论文涉及其表面电性能的改善.本文介绍了一种改善ZrO2陶瓷表面导电性能的新方法.ZrO2陶瓷是绝缘体,常温下其电阻率大于1012Ωcm.通过不同剂量的离子注入可以使得样品表层产生不同程度的电性能变化.试验表明,当采用2×1017Fe/cm2注入,并在950℃下真空退火30分钟,ZrO2的表面电阻率将下降十余个数量级,从而大幅度提高了样品的导电性.文中还通过应 用X射线衍射及光电子能谱技术,分别对注入元素的化学结合状态及表面注入层的结晶相进行了较为详细的讨论.从XPS测试发现,注入离子在ZrO2表层中以Fe2+、Fe3+及Fe0三种形式的状态存在;X射线衍射数据表明,注入层中除ZrO2主晶相外,还存在少量的FeZrO3等晶相.文章的最后部分讨论了离子注入样品的导电机制.     

铁、锌奥扎格雷钠配合物的合成与表征

以奥扎格雷钠与铁、锌硝酸盐反应合成了Fe3+、Zn2+奥扎格雷配合物.并通过元素分析、FTIR、X射线粉末衍射和差热-热重分析对其组成和性质进行了表征.确定其组成为Fe(C13H11N2O2)3、Zn(C13H11N2O2)2.FTIR分析表明,金属离子与配体羧基为双齿配位.X射线粉末衍射结果表明,铁、锌奥扎格雷配合物与奥扎格雷钠晶体结构明显不同.体外抗凝血实验表明,所生成的奥扎格雷锌配合物具有比母药更明显的抗凝血作用,在0.08 mg/mL时凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间分别达到101.4 s和180 s以上.     

氩弧熔覆制备25Ni-10Zr-10Mo-15WC-40B4C复合涂层组织及耐磨性

零件表面改性技术,是提高其使用寿命的重要方法之一,以Ni粉、Zr粉、Mo粉、WC粉和B4C粉为原料,采用钨极氩弧熔覆工艺在Q235钢表面原位合成了(Fe,Mo,W)2B,(Fe,Mo,W,Zr,Ni)(B,C),(Zr,Mo,W,Fe)C0.7增强α-Fe基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱分析仪(EDS)等分析手段对熔覆层的显微组织和物相进行分析,采用显微硬度测试计和摩擦磨损实验机对熔覆层的硬度及其耐磨性进行测试。结果表明:熔覆层与Q235钢基体呈良好的冶金结合,未见气孔、裂纹等缺陷。其增强相颗粒有大的圆块状、不规则长条状和小的八面体状弥散均匀地分布于基体当中;部分八面体小颗粒镶嵌在大颗粒上。复合涂层区域平均显微硬度约13.7 GPa,最高可达14.6 GPa;在室温干滑动磨损实验条件下,熔覆层呈现优异的耐磨性,其耐磨性约为基体Q235钢的20倍。     

浆料法制备Mo2FeB2金属陶瓷-钢覆层材料及其性能研究

以FeB,Mo,Fe等粉末为主要原材料,加入有机溶剂,制备出成型料浆,用料浆法在钢基体表面成型覆层坯体,采用真空液相烧结技术,制备了Mo2FeB2金属陶瓷-钢覆层材料,并对其性能进行了检测.结果表明,覆层主要Mo2FeB2硬质相和α-Fe黏结相构成,Mo2FeB2金属陶瓷-钢覆层材料在界面存在一个从高硬度到低硬度的渐变过渡区.磨损试验表明,Mo2FeB2金属陶瓷-钢覆层材料具有比YG8硬质合金更好的耐磨性.腐蚀试验表明,Mo2FeB2金属陶瓷-钢覆层材料具有比2Cr13钢更好的耐腐蚀性.     

N+离子注入Ti-4Al-2V合金的表面分析研究

作者采用3×1017/cm2和8×1017cm2两种注量对Ti-4Al-2V合金样品进行了N+离子注入,N离子能量75keV,在注入过程中样品温度控制在200℃以下.对注入前后的样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)以及光电子能谱(XPS)分析.由XRD衍射谱表明,离子注入后有新相TiN和TiO2生成.由XPS宽程扫描谱表明,注入后样品表面主要为Ti,C,N和O.对Ti2p和N1s的XPS窄程扫描谱也证明,离子注入后致使合金近表面形成了TiN和TiO2.     

Mo离子注入钢退火过程中的相变研究

着重研究了金属离子注入合成表面优化复合层的机理和纳米相镶嵌结构形成,探索了注入和退火过程中纳米结构和相变过程,讨论相变机制.实验中发现用较低束流密度的Mo离子注入钢明显地改变了钢表面的结构,可使钢表面晶粒细化,使阻止位错移动的晶界数量增多;可在钢表面形成Mo原子超饱和固溶体;随所用的束流密度的增加,注入时表面温度升高,注入的Mo原子将与钢中的铁原子和碳原子化合而形成纳米尺寸的析出相.这些弥散的析出相在钢表面形成了弥散强化.用低束流密度注入后经过退火,在钢表面也形成了纳米尺寸的析出相,从而增加了表面弥散强化的效果.随退火温度的增高,纳米析出相将会聚成大一些的纳米颗粒,颗粒之间互相连接而形成网状结构,这将会进一步增加表面强化效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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