纳米Co_2TiO_4的热稳定性

藉助于Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）谱和热重（ＴＧ）分析，研究了纳米Ｃｏ２ＴｉＯ４的热稳定性。结果表明在第一次升温测量的差示扫描量热（ＤＳＣ）曲线上存在两个吸热峰（Ｐ１，Ｐ２峰）和一个放热峰（Ｐ３峰），再次升温测量时，这些峰均消失了。研究表明，这些峰分别起因于物理脱附、化学脱附、相变和晶粒长大。     

Structure and nucleic-acid binding of the Drosophila Argonaute 2 PAZ domain

RNA interference is a conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression in response to the presence of double-stranded (ds)RNAs. The RNase III-like enzyme Dicer first cleaves dsRNA into 21-23-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the effector step, the multimeric RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) identifies messenger RNAs homologous to the siRNAs and promotes their degradation. The Argonaute 2 protein (Ago2) is a critical component of RISC. Both Argonaute and Dicer family proteins contain a common PAZ domain whose function is unknown. Here we present the three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the Drosophila melanogaster Ago2 PAZ domain. This domain adopts a nucleic-acid-binding fold that is stabilized by conserved hydrophobic residues. The nucleic-acid-binding patch is located in a cleft between the surface of a central beta-barrel and a conserved module comprising strands beta3, beta4 and helix alpha3. Because critical structural residues and the binding surface are conserved, we suggest that PAZ domains in all members of the Argonaute and Dicer families adopt a similar fold with nucleic-acid binding function, and that this plays an important part in gene silencing.     

质粒pGEX-4T-2在表达宿主菌中的分离稳定性

为了寻找影响质粒pGEX-4T-2在表达宿主菌中分离稳定性有关的因素及水平,将质粒pGEX-4T-2转化到表达宿主菌JM109中.挑取单克隆后培养过夜,10%量接种培养,5h后将菌液稀释106倍后等量的分别涂布到LB和LA固体培养基中,37℃培养过夜后数其菌落数,二者相比得到分离稳定率.数据分析采用F-检验,多重比较采用LSR法及Q法.经统计学处理,抗生素的浓度,培养温度以及它们的交互作用对质粒pGEX-4T-2在表达宿主JM109中的分离稳定性均有显著性的影响,并且随着抗生素的浓度的提高质粒pGEX-4T-2在表达宿主JM109中的分离稳定性有提高的趋势.     

Mesodermal Wnt2b signalling positively regulates liver specification

Endodermal organs such as the lung, liver and pancreas emerge at precise locations along the primitive gut tube. Although several signalling pathways have been implicated in liver formation, so far no single gene has been identified that exclusively regulates liver specification. In zebrafish, the onset of liver specification is marked by the localized endodermal expression of hhex and prox1 at 22 hours post fertilization. Here we used a screen for mutations affecting endodermal organ morphogenesis to identify a unique phenotype: prometheus (prt) mutants exhibit profound, though transient, defects in liver specification. Positional cloning reveals that prt encodes a previously unidentified Wnt2b homologue. prt/wnt2bb is expressed in restricted bilateral domains in the lateral plate mesoderm directly adjacent to the liver-forming endoderm. Mosaic analyses show the requirement for Prt/Wnt2bb in the lateral plate mesoderm, in agreement with the inductive properties of Wnt signalling. Taken together, these data reveal an unexpected positive role for Wnt signalling in liver specification, and indicate a possible common theme for the localized formation of endodermal organs along the gut tube.     

氨基化纳米二氧化钛的热稳定性分析

以基于赖氨酸原位修饰法制备的氨基化纳米二氧化钛进行不同煅烧温度下的热稳定性分析。用 SEM和FT-IR表征手段分析了在不同煅烧温度下氨基化纳米二氧化钛的形貌及结构,用 DTA-TG测量了它们的热失重曲线。结果表明：500℃以下的煅烧不会对材料的形貌结构产生太大的影响,氨基基团仍然存在;并且经过300℃的高温处理后,它的稳定性也有一定程度的提高。     

2-D区间系统的分支稳定性问题

研究线性离散2－D区间系统一般模型的分支稳定性问题，分别给出了此类系统分支渐近稳定性和指数分支渐近稳定性的定义。当且仅当系统矩阵满足某些约束条件的状态向量变换成满足另外一个约束条件的向量时，证明了此类系统是分支渐近稳定的。利用不等式性质，给出了2－D区间系统一般模型分支渐近稳定和指分支渐近稳定的判别条件。     

Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis

In sprouting angiogenesis, specialized endothelial tip cells lead the outgrowth of blood-vessel sprouts towards gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. VEGF-A is also essential for the induction of endothelial tip cells, but it is not known how single tip cells are selected to lead each vessel sprout, and how tip-cell numbers are determined. Here we present evidence that delta-like 4 (Dll4)-Notch1 signalling regulates the formation of appropriate numbers of tip cells to control vessel sprouting and branching in the mouse retina. We show that inhibition of Notch signalling using gamma-secretase inhibitors, genetic inactivation of one allele of the endothelial Notch ligand Dll4, or endothelial-specific genetic deletion of Notch1, all promote increased numbers of tip cells. Conversely, activation of Notch by a soluble jagged1 peptide leads to fewer tip cells and vessel branches. Dll4 and reporters of Notch signalling are distributed in a mosaic pattern among endothelial cells of actively sprouting retinal vessels. At this location, Notch1-deleted endothelial cells preferentially assume tip-cell characteristics. Together, our results suggest that Dll4-Notch1 signalling between the endothelial cells within the angiogenic sprout serves to restrict tip-cell formation in response to VEGF, thereby establishing the adequate ratio between tip and stalk cells required for correct sprouting and branching patterns. This model offers an explanation for the dose-dependency and haploinsufficiency of the Dll4 gene, and indicates that modulators of Dll4 or Notch signalling, such as gamma-secretase inhibitors developed for Alzheimer's disease, might find usage as pharmacological regulators of angiogenesis.     

团簇Co2FeB2和CoFe2B2稳定性的研究

为深入了解非晶态Co-Fe-B合金的性质,本文从能量学视角,对团簇Co2FeB2和CoFe2B2各构型所占比例定量分析,探究其稳定性,发现团簇Co2FeB2的结合能和吉布斯自由能变化量随构型能量增加出现剧变点,临界能量约为463.061a.u,主要存在构型为能量低于临界值的两种戴帽三角锥和一种四角锥构型。团簇CoFe2B2的结合能和吉布斯自由能变不存在剧变点,有多种异构体共存。高Co含量的团簇有较小的结合能和吉布斯自由能变化量,稳定性弱,此结论符合相关文献报道。     

TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的热稳定性

采用液相沉积法在Al板上制备了TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,并在不同温度下进行了热处理.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明:未经过热处理的TiO2薄膜的晶体结构是非晶态的;在400℃的空气中焙烧2h,薄膜出现锐钛矿相;650℃空气中焙烧2h后,薄膜仍然保持着良好的管状结构.薄膜中Al2O3的存在,抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大,提高了薄膜的热稳定性.     

Sm2Fe17合金的热稳定性

用热重/差热(TG/DTA)分析法研究了粒度及升温速度对Sm2Fe17合金热稳定性的影响,结合XRD物相分析结果说明Sm2Fe17合金氧化过程中发生的化学反应,用Kinssinger法计算了Sm2Fe17合金被氧化所需的表观活化能并推断了其反应机理. 结果表明:Sm2Fe17合金粉的粒度越细,其热稳定性越差;升温速度越快,Sm2Fe17合金的氧化温度增高,放出的热量减小. Kinssinger法计算Sm2Fe17合金在低温氧化时的表观活化能为162kJ·mol-1,在高温氧化时为189.8kJ·mol-1.     

CUL-4 ubiquitin ligase maintains genome stability by restraining DNA-replication licensing

To maintain genome stability, DNA replication is strictly regulated to occur only once per cell cycle. In eukaryotes, the presence of 'licensing proteins' at replication origins during the G1 cell-cycle phase allows the formation of the pre-replicative complex. The removal of licensing proteins from chromatin during the S phase ensures that origins fire only once per cell cycle. Here we show that the CUL-4 ubiquitin ligase temporally restricts DNA-replication licensing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Inactivation of CUL-4 causes massive DNA re-replication, producing cells with up to 100C DNA content. The C. elegans orthologue of the replication-licensing factor Cdt1 (refs 2, 3) is required for DNA replication. C. elegans CDT-1 is present in G1-phase nuclei but disappears as cells enter S phase. In cells lacking CUL-4, CDT-1 levels fail to decrease during S phase and instead remain constant in the re-replicating cells. Removal of one genomic copy of cdt-1 suppresses the cul-4 re-replication phenotype. We propose that CUL-4 prevents aberrant re-initiation of DNA replication, at least in part, by facilitating the degradation of CDT-1.