蜂王浆中脂肪酸的高效液相色谱-质谱法检测

建立了一种高效液相色谱-四级杆/飞行时间质谱法检测蜂王浆中6种脂肪酸.样品经水溶液溶解和甲醇沉淀蛋白后,以C18反相色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈和φ(甲酸)=0.1%的水溶液为流动相,通过梯度洗脱对8-羟基辛酸、10-羟基-2-癸烯酸、癸二酸、10-羟基癸酸、2-十二碳烯二酸和十二烷二酸等6种脂肪酸进行分离,并采用四级杆/飞行时间质谱检测器对其进行定性和定量分析.定量分析结果显示,方程线性相关系数(r2)为0.997 5~0.999 7,定量限为0.10~1.0mg·L-1,检出限为0.050~0.20mg·L-1,加标回收率为82.9%~107.0%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~4.9%.用该方法对采自我国不同地区137份蜂王浆样品进行分析,初步确定合格蜂王浆中10-羟基-2-癸烯酸、10-羟基癸酸和8-羟基辛酸3种脂肪酸的含量,并建议在现行国家标准的基础上增加10-羟基癸酸和8-羟基辛酸作为蜂王浆质量评价的指标.     

高效液相色谱法测定镇江香醋中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量

采用高效液相色谱法,对镇江香醋中5-羟甲基糠醛进行了定量分析.样品中的HMF含量的测定条件为:以甲醇-水溶液(体积比为5∶95)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,采用Venusil XBP-C18色谱柱分离,柱温为30℃,UV检测器的检测波长为284 nm.定量分析结果表明,镇江香醋中HMF的含量为8.01 mg/kg.高效液相色谱法分析镇江香醋中HMF含量的方法测定准确,稳定性高,HMF在0.014 3～0.085 8μg的进样范围内线性相关系数为R2=0.999 9,平均回收率98.66%,相对标准偏差为5.53%.     

响应面法优化葡萄糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛

在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐中以纤维素基固体酸为催化剂对葡萄糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的反应过程进行了研究,并通过响应面法对葡萄糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的反应条件进行了优化.选取反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量3个因素进行Box-Behnken设计,利用Design Expert 8.0统计软件进行数据拟合,建立葡萄糖转化率和5-羟甲基糠醛得率与各因素之间的数学模型,并通过方差分析和验证实验证明了得到的数学模型是可靠的.经响应面法优化后,纤维素基固体酸催化葡萄糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的最佳反应条件为:反应温度160℃,反应时间15 min,催化剂用量50 mg.且在该反应条件下葡萄糖的最大转化率为80.1%,5-羟甲基糠醛的最大得率为47.1%.     

碳酸二乙酯合成3-羟甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷的工艺研究

对以三羟甲基丙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料合成3-羟甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷的工艺进行了研究。研究表明,合成3-羟甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷的较佳工艺条件为:当碳酸二乙酯用量为0.2 mol时,碳酸二乙酯与三羟甲基丙烷的摩尔比为1.0:1.0,反应时间1 h,催化剂为KOH,用量为0.1 g,溶剂为甲醇,用量为3 mL。在此反应条件下,收率达60.6%。经GC分析产品的纯度为91.33%.     

负载型B_2O_3固体酸催化转化葡萄糖为5-羟甲基糠醛的研究

通过沉淀法和浸渍法制备了一系列不同负载量的B_2O_3/TiO_2-Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂(BTA),并将其用于转化葡萄糖为5-羟甲基糠醛的反应.研究表明,B_2O_3的引入促进了葡萄糖转化为5-羟甲基糠醛.在最优条件下,BTA-0.20催化剂在150℃反应3 h后,得到了47.3%的5-羟甲基糠醛产率与93.1%的葡萄糖转化率.BTA-0.20展现出的良好的催化活性与催化剂表面的总酸量密切相关,且催化剂表面同时存在的Lewis与Brnsted酸性位点有助于葡萄糖转化为5-羟甲基糠醛.     

微波消解6-甲基-2-（α-羟甲基）-1H-苯并咪唑荧光淬灭法测定奶粉中的微量硒

建立用微波消解荧光光度法测定奶粉中微量硒的方法。利用Se与I-反应形成的I2对6-甲基-2-（α-羟甲基）-1H-苯并咪唑（MHMB）的荧光淬灭作用,在λex/λem=278/597nm的条件下测定MHMB的荧光强度。结果表明,当KI和MHMB的加入量分别为0.1mL和2.0mL时,硒的检出限0.17μg/L,线性范围（0.34～5.0）μg/L,样品测定的RSD为2.54%（n=6）,回收率为95.7%～104%。方法灵敏度和准确度高,测定结果满意。     

喘平滴丸中主要成分含量测定方法的研究

用高效液相色谱法,建立喘平滴丸中主要成分的含量测定方法。色谱柱Ec lipse XDB-C8(4.6×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-0.04 mol/L磷酸溶液(体积比为1/9.5/9.5),流速为1.0 mL/m in,比较了检测波长207,210,216 nm的HPLC图谱,遴选最佳检测波长。在检测波长207 nm下,对照品盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸东莨菪碱分别在11~110、10~100、2.5~25 ng范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系:r=0.999 8。平均加样回收率分别为99.55%、99.05%、98.53%,RSD分别为1.56%、1.79%、1.43%(n=5)。本法简便、快速,适用于喘平滴丸的质量控制和含量测定。     

β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺的简便合成

以丙炔醇为原料，经三氧化铬氧化生成丙炔醛后，直接与苯胺反应简便地合成了β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺．通过正交实验的方法优化了反应条件，得出最佳反应条件为：6．3mL（0．10mol）丙炔醇中加入8．5g（0．085mol）三氧化铬的硫酸水溶液，氧化反应2h后，有机相在冰浴（200mL）冷却下再与25mL（0．25mol）苯胺和63mL 10％盐酸反应得到β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺盐酸盐，收率为48．4％．将该盐酸盐溶于甲醇与氢氧化钠溶液作用得β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺．     

2-甲基-4（6）-硝基苯胺合成工艺的研究

以2-甲基苯胺为原料,经冰醋酸酰化,混酸硝化,再用盐酸水解来合成2-甲基-4-硝基苯胺和2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺。对影响该反应的主要因素进行了考察。结果表明：酰化反应的温度控制在100℃～105℃,锌粉的用量为2-甲基苯胺：锌粉=0.1mol：0.1g,2-甲基苯胺：冰醋酸=0.2mol：0.5mol;硝化反应的温度控制在10℃～12℃为宜;水解反应时回流的时间为3h左右,溶液的颜色达到暗红色。2-甲基-4-硝基苯胺的产率为27.72%,2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺的产率为44.75%。     

紫薯中6,7-二甲氧基香豆素和5-羟甲基糠醛的分离鉴定

采用薄层色谱-荧光分析联用法筛选,确定正己烷∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶水为1∶2∶1∶1(V/V)的混合液为高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)溶剂体系,并采用HSCCC技术首次从紫薯块根中分离得到两种目标产物,经核磁共振鉴定并与有关文献结果对比,两种目标产物分别为6,7-二甲氧基香豆素和5-羟甲基糠醛.经HPLC分析与面积归一化法计算,6,7-二甲氧基香豆素和5-羟甲基糠醛粗制品纯度分别为92%和96%.试验结果对进一步认识紫薯的保健功能,深入研究6,7-二甲氧基香豆素及5-羟甲基糠醛的药理作用有重要意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-