Ru负载Co3O4催化剂的制备及其电解糠醛性能研究

近年来,过渡金属基催化剂(TMOs)在探索高性能的糠醛氧化方面备受关注,但较低的本征活性限制其应用,合理优化TMOs的电子结构是提高糠醛氧化催化性能的有效策略。采用电沉积和浸渍法成功制备了Ru-Co₃O₄/CP催化剂,并通过电化学测试评价FOR和HER的催化性能。在1.0 mol/L KOH溶液中加入50 mmol/L糠醛后,Ru-Co₃O₄/CP催化剂达到10 mA/cm²电流密度仅需要1.41 V_RHE,与不加糠醛相比,降低了100 mV。以Ru-Co₃O₄/CP为阴极和阳极的催化剂构筑两电极电解槽,与全解水相比,电解糠醛在达到30 mA/cm²的电流密度所需要的电解电压降低了60 mV,同时在阴极和阳极得到了高价值的H₂和糠酸。     

石墨基PTFE涂层阴极动态隔膜电解池产H2O2效能

采用自制的石墨基聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层电极做阴极,以Nafion117阳离子交换膜为隔膜,构建动态隔膜电解池,重点研究隔膜、PTFE添加量、阴极电解液循环流量对体系产H₂O₂性能的影响,并考察电极的重复使用性能。结果表明：动态隔膜电解池产H₂O₂的性能明显高于无隔膜或静态实验的方式。当PTFE乳液(质量分数60%)添加量为0.7 mL、电解液初始pH为3、电流密度为5 mA/cm²、阴极电解液循环流量为0.3 L/min时,体系产H₂O₂效果最佳,反应180 min时的H₂O₂产量达到27.43 mg/(L·cm²),此时的电流效率为72.09%,能耗为7.87 kW·h/kg。但是电极的重复使用性能不佳,连续使用5次后,180 min时的H₂O₂产量降至8.99 mg/(L·cm²)。     

全水解制氢用自支撑多孔NixFe–S/NiFe2O4异质结构双功能电催化剂

稳定的非贵金属双功能电催化剂是可再生能源驱动的波动全水电解面临的难题之一。本文在三维碳纤维布上电沉积制备了多孔Ni–Fe金属阵列,并在此基础上进行原位氧化和化学硫化,构建了一种新型的自支撑分级多孔Ni_xFe–S/NiFe₂O₄异质结构双功能电催化剂。研究结果表明,Ni_xFe–S/NiFe₂O₄异质结构催化剂对析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)都表现出良好的催化活性和稳定性,优异的催化性质与其大比表面积提供丰富的活性位点、异质结构的协同效应、超亲水表面和稳定的自支撑结构密不可分。分析结果证析氧过程异质结构中的Ni_xFe–S转化为金属氧化物/氢氧化物和Ni₃S₂。与商用20wt% Pt/C||IrO₂-Ta₂O₅相比,自支撑Ni_1/5Fe–S/NiFe₂O₄||Ni_1/2Fe–S/NiFe₂O₄在10-500mA/cm2的波动电流密度范围内表现出更好的稳定性和更低的槽电压。在500 mA/cm2的工业电流密度下,Ni_1/5Fe–S/NiFe₂O₄||Ni_1/2Fe–S/NiFe₂O₄的槽电压仅为约3.91 V,比Pt/C||IrO₂–Ta₂O₅ (约4.79 V)降低了约20%。     

中温SOFC阴极材料La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xCuxO3-δ的制备及性能

采用固相反应法制备了La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_1-xCu_xO_3-δ系列中温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）阴极材料粉体.对其进行晶体结构表征,高温电导率和热膨胀曲线测试,并选取其中性能较好的样品进行了单电池实验.结果表明,Cu的掺杂降低了（La,Sr）CoO La₃体系阴极材料的热膨胀系数,在x=0.05时电导率略高于未掺Cu的样品.以La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_0.95Cu _0.05O _3-δ为阴极、Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9为电解质组成的SOFC单电池,在850℃最大短路电流密度达511mA/cm²,最大输出功率密度约为0.106W/cm².     

中心电子富集的NO-FeN4位点作为质子交换膜燃料电池的高级酸性氧还原反应电催化剂(英文)

开发非贵金属催化剂,特别是用于碳上铁氮(FeNC)材料的催化剂,对于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的广泛应用是一个迫切需求。然而,传统铁氮位点在酸性条件下的氧还原反应(ORR)活性较差,严重阻碍了其电池性能的进一步提高。本文通过限域的小分子合成策略,大规模合成了具有一氧化氮(NO)基团轴向修饰的FeN₄ (表示为NO-FeN₄)。得益于NO基团的强吸电子效应,与传统的FeN₄样品相比,富含电子中心FeN₄位点表现出超高的ORR活性,具有三倍高的质量活性(0.85 V时为1.1 A·g^-1),以及全四电子反应选择性。此外,用所制备的电催化剂组装的质子交换膜燃料电池也表现出显著增强的峰值功率密度(>725 mW·cm^-2)。这项工作为合理设计用于氧还原的先进M-Nx非贵金属电催化剂提供了一种新的方法。     

BaCe1-x Yx O3-δ质子导体的制备与性能

采用高温固相合成法制备出掺杂Y³⁺的BaCeO₃电解质BaCe_1-xY_xO_3-δ（x=0.10~0.30). XRD谱分析结果表明,样品均为正交钙钛矿结构;氧空位、 缺陷缔合和固深度均对样品的质子电导率与掺杂浓度有一定影响.     

Co离子掺杂La2Ti2-xCoxO7的室温多铁性

通过向传统铁电材料La₂Ti₂O₇中引入磁性Co离子,成功制备出了新型室温多铁材料La₂Ti_2-xCo_xO₇(x=0、0.03、0.05、0.07)。测试结果表明,所有样品均为单相晶体结构,在x射线探测范围内无第二相杂质出现。适当浓度的磁性Co离子掺杂不仅可有效提高材料的饱和铁磁磁化强度,还可有效降低体系漏电流,提高La₂Ti₂O₇绝缘性,进而改善La₂Ti_2-xCo_xO₇铁电性和多铁性。对La₂Ti_2-xCo_xO₇等样品的顺磁、反铁磁和铁磁等复杂磁相互作用的微观机理进行了探讨。铁磁性的产生被认为与氧空位和过渡金属离子3d电子自旋之间的交换耦合作用有关。而对未掺杂的La₂Ti...     

高性能电催化析氧催化剂氧化钌的设计

采用高温固相法结合离子交换法制备了一种HRu₄O₈微米棒;利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等对材料进行形貌和物相表征;采用线性扫描伏安、循环伏安、塔菲尔、计时电位等电化学方法研究了HRu₄O₈微米棒电解水氧析出反应的催化活性。结果表明:以RuO₂纳米颗粒为前驱体制备HRu₄O₈,其电化学活性比表面积显著增大,展现出优异的氧析出催化反应活性,在10 mA/cm2电流密度下的过电位(仅为208 mV)低于RuO₂纳米颗粒(276 mV)。另外,HRu₄O₈微米棒具有出色的稳定性,该研究为设计高活性的电解水催化剂提供了新思路。     

直接膜沉积制备高性能增强型质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极

质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极的性能直接决定燃料电池的输出性能,超薄质子交换膜的使用可以有效提升燃料电池峰值功率。该文将静电纺丝与直接膜沉积技术相结合,制备聚芳醚砜材料并纺丝成为纳米纤维覆于气体扩散电极上,作为薄膜增强层,再以商业全氟磺酸树脂分散液直接沉积成膜制得阴极和阳极。复合薄层膜厚度约为13μm,氢空电池的峰值功率密度为1.18 W/cm²,与厚度相近的商业Nafion^? NC700膜的峰值功率密度0.96 W/cm²相比,提高了23%。通过对膜电极进行综合优化,在氢氧条件下电池峰值功率密度可达3.55 W/cm²,且阴极湿度降低对电池影响不大。利用聚芳醚砜纳米纤维作为增强层制备超薄膜电极具有优异性能,在低湿度条件下亦有高性能输出,具有广泛应用前景。     

LaAl0.5Ni0.5O3钙钛矿的制备及其对甲烷干重整的催化性能

采用硬模板法制备比表面积大的介孔LaAl_1-xNi_xO₃钙钛矿催化剂,将其用于碳中和甲烷干重整领域,研究不同温度下的反应活性。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、热重分析(TGA)对制备的催化剂进行表征。结果表明:LaAl_0.5Ni_0.5O₃催化剂在反应过程中表现出了最优异的活性与稳定性。在反应温度为750 ℃,空速GHSV=36 000 mL/(g·h)的反应条件下, CH₄与CO₂的转化率分别达到69.8%和81.5%,经25 h稳定性测试后CH₄与CO₂的转化率仅分别降低2.7%和3.3%。这是由于在H₂-Ar混合气还原过程中,LaAl_0.5Ni_0.5O₃催化剂获得了比LaAl_0.7Ni_0.3O₃催化剂更多的Ni活性位点,同时获得了比LaAl_0.3Ni_0.7O₃催化剂更优异的抗烧结、抗积碳性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~