Far-field coseismic displacements associated with the great Sumatra earthquakes of December 26, 2004 and March 29, 2005 constrained by Global Positioning System

On December 26, 2004, a great earthquake along the northern Sumatra coast, with its consequent tsunami, caused about 300000 deaths (refer to the 2004 earth-quake hereafter). This great thrust faulting event oc-curred on the subduction zone between Indian …     

Interseismic and coseismic displacements of the Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake inferred from leveling measurements

By using precise leveling data observed between 1985 and 2010 across the south section of the Longmenshan fault zone, and eliminating the coseismic displacements caused by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, the interseismic vertical deformation field was obtained. The result shows that the Lushan region, located between the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault （front range of the Long- menshan fault） and the Xinkaidian fault （south section of the Dayi fault）, is situated in the intersection zone of positive and negative vertical deformation gradient zones, indicating that this zone was locked within 25 years before the Lushan earthquake. Based on leveling data across the rupture zone surveyed between 2010 and 2013, and by eliminating the vertical deformation within 3 years before the earthquake, the coseismic vertical displacement was derived. The coseismic vertical displacement for the benchmark DD35, which is closest to the epicenter, is up to 198.4 mm （with respect to MY165A）. The coseismic dis- placement field revealed that the northwest region （hanging wall） moved upwards in comparison with the southeastern region （foot wall）, suggesting that the seismogenic fault mainly underwent thrust faulting. By comparing the coseismic and interseismic vertical deformation fields, it was found that the mechanisms of this earthquake are consistent with the elastic rebound theory; the elastic strain energy （displacement deficit） accumulated before the Lu- shan earthquake was released during this quake.     

日本Mw9.0级地震的库仑应力变化及对余震的触发

采用已公布的1个前震和3个主震震源可变滑动模型,计算了日本Mw7.3级前震、M_w9.0级主震产生的同震库仑应力变化,并采用哈佛Global CMT和日本F-net余震目录,在不同有效摩擦系数取值下计算了主震对余震的触发效应,分析了应力空间分布与余震活动空间分布的相关性。研究表明,日本地震前震对主震有触发作用,前震在主震处产生的正应力变化为0.404 bar,剪应力变化0.282 bar,同震库仑应力变化为0.517 bar,应力变化超过了应力触发阈值0.1 bar,达5倍之多,属于典型的地震应力触发,而非诱发事件。主震对后续余震有触发效应,最小触发率为57%,最大达到75%。余震多分布在主震产生的同震库仑应力红色加载区。同时,分析了可变滑动模型、有效摩擦系数、余震目录、震级及节面选取等对计算结果的影响。可变滑动模型、有效摩擦系数变化对计算结果影响不大,余震目录、震级及节面选取对结果有一定影响,尤其是当余震目录足够多、震级足够大时,计算结果更加可靠。为了深入讨论节面选取对计算结果的影响,对余震两个节面上库仑应力、剪切应力及正应力变化差值进行了频次统计。分析显示节面选取对正应力有一定影响,而对库仑应力及剪应力影响不大。