具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

北疆棉花光合,蒸腾作用基本特性与测试技术的探讨

在北疆大田自然条件下，棉叶光合晴天日变化呈双峰和单峰两种形式。光合速率上午大于下午。蒸腾速率呈单峰曲线，最大值出现在温度最高的１５：００－１６：００时，打顶前主茎自上而下第１和第４完全展开叶Ｐｎ最高，打顶后第１展开叶最高；Ｔｒ在打顶前后均是第１完全展开叶为最强。     

糯玉米苏玉(糯)1号叶片生长规律的研究

对 6 0万株 /hm2 和 7.5万株 /hm2 密度下的糯玉米苏玉 (糯 ) 1号叶片和植株生长特点、叶片功能期、叶面积和叶片光合势的动态变化进行了试验研究。结果表明 :两种密度下的出叶速度相近 ,各叶出叶速度大小依次是基部三叶 >顶部 >中上部 >中下部。穗叶组叶片生长速度较快 ,叶面积较大 ,其中第 1 6叶 (非穗位叶 )生长速度最快 ,1 5叶叶面积最大。高密度下叶长、叶宽都较小 ,两种密度下最宽叶是最长叶 (穗位叶 )以上二片叶即 1 5叶。高密度下叶面积和光合势较低 ,但高密度的中期稳定 ,后期下降平稳 ;叶面积指数在抽雄吐丝期最高 ,光合势在后期分配比例占 2 /3。植株生长的曲线符合Logistic方程 ,7.5万株 /hm2 比 6 0万株 /hm2密度下的株高低 ,群体株高整齐度也小 ,而产量高 493 .6kg/hm2 。试验表明 :7.5万株 /hm2 相对 6 0万株 /hm2 密度较适合于苏玉 (糯 ) 1号的生长。     

低温胁迫对高原水稻幼苗叶片超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响

低温胁迫对高原水稻２叶期和５叶期幼苗叶片的ＳＯＤ活性影响有差异：２叶期普遍下降；而５叶期抗寒性强的和栽培在较高海拔农业区的地区传统品种上升．室外自然光下培育的幼苗比温室人工光下培育的幼苗，其ＳＯＤ活性较高．ＳＯＤ活性随低温处理不同时间有波动；零下冰冻上升；低温处理之后再回温普遍下降．     

用单叶重速测青贮玉米单株总叶面积

研究了苗期（４叶期）、拔节期和灌浆期的“白马牙”玉米每层叶鲜重（或干重）与单株总叶面积的回归方程。结果表明，按从上至下的顺序排叶序，则苗期的第三层叶、拔节期的第四层叶和灌浆期的第十层叶的鲜重（或干重）分别与该期的单株总叶面积呈最显著的正相关，可分别用来快速估测该生育时期的单株总面积。     

25个彩叶桂无性系(品种)的数量分类研究

[目的]通过观测彩叶桂品种的枝叶性状并进行数量分类研究,为彩叶桂品种分类和优良品种选育提供参考依据.[方法]于春季对25个彩叶桂品种进行形态学特征观察,以观测的35个枝叶性状指标数据进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析,去掉相关性较大且累积贡献率较小的性状指标,然后对25个彩叶桂品种进行Q型聚类分析.[结果]R型聚类结果显示:...     

重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolaris carbonum Wilson)的分离鉴定

试验对重庆地区玉米圆斑病病原菌进行了分离、纯化和鉴定，同时进行了病原菌的致病性测定．病原菌的致病性测定结果表明：病原菌可直接侵入玉米的叶片，并于1周后表现出玉米圆斑病的典型症状．病原菌的培养性状及其分生孢子和分生孢子梗等形态特征的观察结果表明：重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌属半知菌亚门平脐蠕孢属炭色长孺孢（Bipolaris carbonum Wilson）．     

盾叶薯蓣主要营养元素含量及其动态的研究

通过对盾叶薯蓣不同发育时期(花前、花期及花后)、不同叶片( 功能叶和幼叶)的 N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg等营养元素含量的测定分析,揭示了盾叶薯蓣营养元素的分布及动态规律.结果表明所测营养元素的动态变化可分为4种类型. a. 功能叶的 Zn, Cu 的含量,功能叶和幼叶的Mg和P含量从花前、花期至花后逐渐减少; b. 幼叶的 Zn 含量, 功能叶和幼叶的Fe, K 含量,幼叶的Mn 含量,表现出花前最高、 花后次之、 花期最少的动态; c. 幼叶的Cu 含量及功能叶的Mn 含量表现出在花后最高、 花前次之、 花期最低的变化规律; d. N 的含量, 无论在功能叶、 还是在幼叶中,都是花期最高、 花前次之、花后最低.营养元素的动态变化可作为植物对营养需求的指标,可作为在不同阶段确定施肥量的依据.     

水稻叶片叶龄判断方法研究

笔者于1982—1992年对58个水稻品种(包括杂交组合和制种亲本)进行的观察结果表明:水稻外观形态特征——双零叶、葫芦叶、植伤叶和伸长叶枕距是判断水稻叶片叶龄的依据.在秧田期间可用数记法和种谷方向来判断秧苗的叶龄;在水稻移栽后返青分蘖期,可根据第一双零叶、第一类葫芦叶、植伤叶来判断叶龄的变化;在幼穗分化期,可根据第二双零叶、第二类葫芦叶和伸长叶枕距来判断最后3片叶.     

Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.