聚苯胺/SnO_2/氧化石墨烯复合物的制备及电容性质

采用简单的方法制备PANI/SnO2/GO复合物,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对所得产物的结构和形貌进行表征,并利用循环伏安法、交流阻抗谱和恒电流充放电实验研究所得产物的电化学性质和电容特性.结果表明:所制备的PANI/SnO2/GO复合物具有较高的比电容,经过1 000次循环后表现出良好的稳定性.     

氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物的超电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为表面活性剂分散原始的单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),采用超声、冷冻干燥的办法得到氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行表征.结果表明:氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物电化学性质得到了显著的提高,通过调节单壁碳管与GO的比例,发现SWNT质量为GO的10%时,得到的复合材料具有最好的超电容储能特性,在6mol·L~(-1)的KOH电解液中,0.5A·g~(-1)电流密度下其比电容可达155F·g~(-1),是相同条件下GO比电容(81.5F·g~(-1))的1.9倍,这种简单的方法获得的GO-SWNT复合材料在能量存储装置方面展现了广阔的应用前景.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer/graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for selective detection of sulfanilamide

A novel sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE) modified with molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) and grapheme oxide(GO) was developed.The MIP/GO material was prepared by precipitation polymerization in the presence of sulfanilamide as template molecule.The MIP/GO based electrochemical sensor was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and square wave voltammetry(SWV).The results indicated that the sensor exhibited good affinity and excellent electrochemical response for sulfanilamide.Under optimized conditions,the oxidation peak current intensity of sulfanilamide showed two linear dynamic ranges from 10 to 1000 ng mL~(-1),and the standard deviation was less than 5% using SWV method.The sensor displays good stability,reproducibility,and high sensitivity.It can be further applied to quantify sulfanilamide in milk.     

高电化学性能聚苯胺纳米纤维/石墨烯复合材料的合成

聚苯胺纳米纤维(PANI-F)与氧化石墨烯(GO)经组装后,进行水热反应,制备了PANI-F/rGO(还原的氧化石墨烯)复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR),X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对样品形貌和结构进行表征;同时,借助循环伏安(CV),恒电流充放电(GCD),交流阻抗(EIS)对样品的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:rGO均匀包裹在PANI-F表面,在1M H2SO4的电解液中,当电流密度为1A/g时,PANI-F比电容为378F/g,而PAGO10(PANI与GO的质量比为10∶1),比电容达517F/g;且当电流密度10 A/g时,PAGO10的比电容为356 F/g,而PANI-F的比电容仅为107F/g.     

石墨烯负载Zn2GeO4光催化剂的制备及其 降解有机污染物的性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备Zn_2Ge O_4纳米晶;并将其负载到氧化石墨烯(GO)上。通过两步水热法制备了一系列Zn_2Ge O_4/GO复合光催化剂。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对催化剂的结构、形貌及光学性能进行了表征;并以罗丹明B(Rh B)作为目标降解污染物,对其进行了光催化性能测试。结果表明,Zn_2Ge O_4纳米晶均匀地分散在GO上,与单纯的Zn_2Ge O_4纳米晶相比,Zn_2Ge O_4/GO复合物的光催化性能有了明显的提高。当GO质量分数为5%时,罗丹明B降解率达到95.21%;且经过5次循环使用后,仍然保持较高的光催化活性,具有良好的稳定性。     

Mechanism of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions in graphene nanosheets

Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were synthesized by reducing exfoliated graphite oxides. Their structure, surface morphology and lithium storage mechanism were characterized and investigated systematically using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, charge-discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the GNSs, which were obtained via chemical synthesis, were primarily less than 10 graphene layers. The GNS electrodes, which were fabricated from the reduced GNSs, exhibited an enhanced reversible lithium storage capacity and good cyclic stability when serving as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Also, the first-cycle irreversible capacities of the system were relatively high, because of the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase film on the surface of the GNS electrode and the spontaneous stacking of GNSs during the first lithiation. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggest that the solid electrolyte interphase film on the GNS electrode during first lithiation were primarily formed at potentials between 0.95 and 0.7 V. Also, the symmetry factor of the charge transfer was measured to be 0.446.     

GO/PPy/Pb3O4修饰电极的制备及其在电化学传感中的应用

通过制备氧化石墨烯/聚吡咯/四氧化三铅(GO/PPy/Pb₃O₄)复合材料,用于构建电化学传感器,以实现对对苯二酚的电化学检测。通过利用π-π共轭效应,实现吡咯单体在氧化石墨烯表面的原位聚合。以GO/PPy纳米复合材料为基底,通过水热反应制备得到具有微/纳结构的GO/PPy/Pb₃O₄复合材料。以扫描电镜(SEM),傅里叶红外(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对复合材料进行表征,用差分脉冲伏安法研究对苯二酚在修饰电极上的电化学行为。通过对比不同修饰电极的电化学传感性能,发现GO/PPy/Pb₃O₄修饰电极展示了良好的导电性和优异的电催化性能。结果表明,该电化学传感器在1.0~35 μg/L范围内与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,其检测限为0.3 μg/L。此外,该电化学传感器还具有良好的重现性和稳定性。     

Preparation and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite fibrous membrane

A series of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposite fibrous membranes,including neat PLA,PLA/hydroxyapatite (HA) and PLA/HA/graphene oxide (GO),were fabricated via electrospinning method.The morphology and composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively.The thermal stability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).To estimate the cytocompatibility of asprepared PLA/HA/GO fibrous membrane,MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured,and the corresponding cell adhesion and differentiation capability were investigated by fluorescence microscopy,SEM and MTT test.The electrospun ternary PLA/HA/GO membrane exhibited three-dimensional fibrous structure with relatively rough surface morphology,which made itself ideal for cell attachment and proliferation in bone tissue regeneration.The fluorescence microscopy,SEM and MTT test confirmed that the PLA/HA/GO nanocomposite fibrous membrane created a proper environment for the seeding and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.     

Ag/石墨烯复合涂层的制备及抗菌性能

首先用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯（GO）; 其次用原位还原法将银氨溶液中的Ag纳米粒子通过还原剂葡萄糖和GO复合, 获得Ag/GO胶体; 最后在真空干燥条件下得到Ag/GO涂层, 并用真空阶梯热还原技术制备Ag/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)涂层. 利用X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜等方法对膜样品结构形貌进行表征, 并用润湿角测量仪和抑菌环方法分别检测样品的亲/疏水性和抗菌性能. 实验结果表明: 石墨烯基膜材料与基底结合较好, Ag纳米粒子在石墨烯片层间呈球形均匀分布, 粒径为20~50 nm; 纯GO和rGO膜表面未见菌落, 大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌均未出现有效抑菌环; 复合Ag纳米粒子后, 涂层的抑菌效果得到显著提高; 与Ag/GO复合膜相比, Ag/rGO复合膜呈更强的抗菌活性, 即低温退火有助于提高石墨烯基复合涂层的抗菌性能.     

球形多孔氧化钴/碳复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

采用水热合成和煅烧制备氧化钴/碳(Co3O4/C)复合材料,通过SEM、XRD、N2吸附实验等对该材料进行表征.制备的Co3O4/C复合材料为5μm大小,孔径约为30nm的多孔球形结构.在6mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液中进行电化学测试.结果表明,Co3O4/C复合材料具有良好的电容性能.在电流密度为1A/g时,比电容为143F/g.此外,Co3O4/C复合材料还表现出良好的循环稳定性,在1A/g的电流密度下,充放电循环1000次后,比电容保持率为77.8%.     

Fabrication and characterization of crystalline copper nanowires by electrochemical deposition inside anodic alumina template

Copper nanowires were fabricated by electrochemical deposition inside anodic alumina template anodized on aluminum substrate. The morphology, composition and structure of the copper nanowires were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results revealed that copper nanowires were dense, continuous, highly-crystalline and uniform with diameters. The electrical properties of copper nanowires wrer characterized with two-terminal electrical measurements. Different current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of single copper nanowire were observed and possible conductive mechanisms were discussed. The crystalline copper nanowires are promising in application of future nanoelectronic devices and circuits.     

氟化镧掺铕/氧化石墨烯纳米复合物的水热合成及荧光性能

利用简单的水热合成法得到了氟化镧掺铕/氧化石墨烯纳米复合物(La1-x F3∶Eux3+/GO).利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射电子扫描显微镜(FE-SEM),扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)和荧光光谱(PL)对样品的组成和形貌进行了表征.结果表明粒径为20nm左右的六边形La1-x F3∶Eux3+纳米片均匀分布在GO表面.详细讨论了反应条件对合成的影响.在397nm紫外光的激发下,在588nm处的橙色发射峰为最强峰.     

LiFePO4/CNT复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶胶凝胶-微波法制备LiFePO4/碳纳米管(CNT)复合正极材料.考察不同微波时间和CNT含量对其电化学性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的晶型结构和表面形貌进行表征.结果表明:掺CNT量为2%(质量分数)和微波18 min所得样品有较好的电化学性能;0.1C充放电的首次放电比容量为142 mAh.g-1,第10次循环的比容量为136 mAh.g-1.     

沉淀法制备Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05)及其水基超级电容器性能测试

以Mn(NO_3)_2和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法合成了用作超级电容器电极材料Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05).扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明所制备样品呈层状板块形貌.电化学测试结果表明,Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05)是一种性能比较优良的超级电容器电极材料.在1mol·L~(-1) Na_2SO_4电解质溶液中,0~1V的电压范围内,充放电电流密度为200mA·g~(-1)时,比容量高达201F·g~(-1),库伦效率接近100%.     

Electrochemical performance of MCMB/(AC+LiFePO4) lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs) were fabricated using mesocarbon microbeads(MCMB) as a negative electrode and a mixture of activated carbon(AC) and LiFePO4 as a positive electrode(abbreviated as LAC).The phase structure and morphology of LAC samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).The electrochemical performance of the LICs was studied using cyclic voltammetry,charge-discharge rate measurements,and cycle performance testing.A LIC with 30 wt% LiFePO4 was found to have the best electrochemical performance with a specific energy density of 69.02 W h kg-1 remaining at 4 C rate after 100 cycles.Compared with an AC-only positive electrode system,the ratio of practical capacity to theoretical calculated capacity of the LICs was enhanced from 42.22% to 56.59%.It was proved that adding LiFePO4 to AC electrodes not only increased the capacity of the positive electrode,but also improved the electrochemical performances of the whole LICs via Li+ pre-doping.     

镧-铋二元合金的水相电化学诱导沉积

通过水相电化学诱导沉积的方法制备了La-Bi二元合金.采用X-射线衍射和扫描电镜技术表征了产物的形貌和晶体结构.考察了沉积电位、Bi和La的摩尔比例等实验参数对Bi诱导La沉积的影响以及沉积电位和沉积时间对产物的形貌的影响.实验表明,较负的沉积电位和较高的Bi和La的摩尔比易于诱导La的沉积,并且通过调节实验参数可控制产物的形貌和尺寸.     

电化学自组装法制备透明ZnO薄膜及性能研究

以低浓度的Zn(NO3)2为电解液、KCl为支持电解质,采用电沉积自组装法在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃基片上成功制备了尺寸可控、性能优异、具有强的C轴择优取向生长的纳米柱ZnO薄膜;并进一步获得了六方晶体纳米结构的ZnO薄膜的优化沉积工艺.同时,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜测试(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外吸收光谱(UV-vis)等测试手段对薄膜的形貌、晶形及光学性能进行了系统表征.结果表明,制备的ZnO薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构,且沿[002]方向的择优生长趋势明显、物相纯正;该薄膜的透射率最大值可达75%,禁带宽度接近于3.28 eV.     

葡萄糖在碳纳米管负载钴修饰电极上的电催化氧化

以碳纳米管为模板采用湿化学法制备碳纳米管负载纳米钴(Co/CNTs)复合材料,用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对Co/CNTs进行表征,通过循环伏安法(CV)和电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)对碳管负载纳米钴修饰玻碳电极(Co-CNTs/GCE)在碱液中进行电化学行为和对葡萄糖电催化氧化的研究.结果表明:平均粒径约为21nm的面心立方结构Co纳米粒子均匀分散在碳纳米管上;Co-CNTs/GCE在碱性介质中的电化学行为既受电化学控制又受扩散控制的准可逆过程;Co-CNTs/GCE在碱性介质中对葡萄糖具有较高的催化活性,其电催化氧化过程主要是受电极表面的多孔催化层内薄液界面上扩散控制.     

Functionalized graphene oxide based on p-phenylenediamine as spacers and nitrogen dopants for high performance supercapacitors

p-Phenylenediamine （PPD） functionalized graphene oxide （GO） materials （PPDG） were prepared through a one-step solvothermal process and their appli-cation as supercapacitors （SCs） were studied. The PPD is not only as the spacers to prevent aggregating and re-stacking of the graphene sheets in the preparing process but also as nitrogen sources to obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene. The structures of PPDG were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and the results show that the nitrogen-doped graphene was achieved with nitrogen content as high as 10.85 at.%. The field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and high resolu-tion transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM） have confirmed that the morphologies of PPDG were looselayered with less aggregation, indicating that PPD mole-cules, as spacers, effectively prevent the graphene sheets from restacking during the solvothermal reaction. The special loose textures make PPDG materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for symmetric SCs with superior specific capacitance （313 F/g at 0.1 A/g）, rate capability and cycling stability. The present synthesis method is convenient and may have potential applications as ultrahigh performance SCs.     

高容量钠离子电池SnSbCo/rGO负极材料

采用共沉淀法、液氮冷淬工艺和热处理技术制备了高容量钠离子电池SnSbCo/rGO负极复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试分析技术对该负极材料进行表征和电化学性能测试。结果表明,在100 mA/g的电流密度下,经50次充放电循环后电极的可逆容量保持在567 mAh/g。同等条件下,纯SnSbCo的电极比容量为456mAh/g。SnSbCo/rGO负极复合材料的电化学性能的改善主要是由于rGO在提高复合材料导电性的同时,缓冲了SnSbCo合金颗粒由于团聚产生的体积膨胀效应。