甲基丙烯酸甲酯-水(盐水)-吐温-正丁醇微乳液聚合研究

研究了不同温度(30℃、40℃、50℃)、不同盐水浓度(1％、3％、5％(质量百分数))条件下,吐温(Tween)／正丁醇-甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-水(或盐水)拟三元体系三相图,并对甲基丙烯酸甲酯微乳液进行了聚合反应研究。研究表明:①随着温度升高,微乳区间增大;②盐类物质的加入对甲基丙烯酸甲酯在微乳液中有增溶效应;③甲基丙烯酸甲酯微乳液聚合反应速率随着温度升高而增大。     

微乳液聚合制备含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物

以十二烷基磺酸钠和十三异构醇聚氧乙烯醚为复合乳化剂,采用半连续滴加预乳化单体与引发剂,微乳液聚合的方法制备了丙烯酸全氟己基乙基酯(PFEA)、丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物.考察了PFEA、乳化剂的质量分数和温度等因素对微乳液聚合及共聚物性能的影响.研究结果表明,当乳化剂质量分数在2%～3%,PFEA质量分数在12%～20%,聚合温度在75～80℃时,聚合反应稳定,且制得的共聚物憎水性优异.     

合成参数对PDC残余应力的影响及其表征

通过微区拉曼光谱(micro-Raman spectroscopy)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)考查了金刚石复合片(PDC)中聚晶层(PCD)的应力分布特征,研究了不同合成参数(金刚石粒径、温度、粘结剂配比)对PCD层残余应力的影响.结果表明:(1)PCD层表面应力值随着初始金刚石粒径的增大而增大;(2)在合成的温度区间内,PDC残余应力随着烧结温度的升高而增大;(3)PDC残余应力随着粘结剂含量增多先降低后升高,在合适的金属粘结剂含量下具有较低的应力值.由此,通过控制合成参数能有效地降低PDC的宏观残余应力.     

γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷与甲基三乙氧基硅烷共聚乳液的合成及性能研究

采用复合乳化剂,以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为原料,乳液聚合合成了性能稳定的聚硅氧烷乳液.讨论了反应温度,投料方式,单体配比对乳液粒径变化和性能的影响.结果表明:在反应温度30~50℃范围内,乳液粒径随着温度的升高逐渐变大;随着单体用量的增加,粒径逐渐增大.相同条件下,一次加料的乳液粒径比单体滴加的乳液粒径大.当反应温度为45℃,乳化剂用量为5%(对单体),十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)用量为0.20 g,nMPS∶nMTES=1∶1(摩尔比)时,得到的乳液粒径分布及稳定性最佳,且粒子形貌为规整球形.     

高铝浇注料高温耐磨性影响因素的研究

利用新研制的高温耐磨实验设备,以高铝浇注料为原料,研究了水泥加入量(3%、6%、9%)、热处理温度(600、1 000、1 200 ℃)和临界粒度(5、8、15 mm)对材料高温耐磨性的影响.结果表明,随着水泥含量的增加,试样的磨损体积在常温和1 000 ℃下逐渐减小,1 200 ℃时略有增大.采用ρ-Al2O3微粉代替铝酸钙水泥作结合剂,两者的耐磨性在各试验温度下差别不大. 试样经不同温度热处理后,其磨损量随着试验温度的变化趋势是相似的,即磨损量随着试验温度的升高而降低;经600、1 000 ℃处理后的试样,各试验温度下其磨损量均较小,但经1 200 ℃处理后的试样,其磨损量稍大一些.温度为1 000 ℃时,浇注料的磨损量随着临界粒度的增大而降低;1 200 ℃时,浇注料磨损量随着临界粒度的增大变化不大.     

Ni(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2)_2Cl_2—CuCl催化MMA与PHMS硅氢加成反应的研究

研究了Ni(dpm) 2 Cl2 —CuCl(dpm为Ph2 PCH2 PPh2 )对甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)与聚氢甲基硅氧烷(PHMS)硅氢加成的催化性能 ,讨论了影响反应的因素 .结果表明 :Ni—Cu催化体系对MMA与PHMS的硅氢加成反应具有一定的催化效果 .硅氢化接枝率可达到 5 0 % .在硅氢加成反应的同时伴随有MMA的热聚合反应发生 .随着催化剂用量的增大 ,反应速率加快 ,接枝率相应增高 ,MMA的热聚合则相应减少 ;随着反应温度的升高 ,反应速率加快 ,但MMA的热聚合也随之明显增多     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微乳液的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以甲醛、二甲胺和丙烯酰胺为原料,通过Mannich反应首先合成阳离子单体N-(二甲氨基)甲基丙烯酰胺,然后用反相微乳液聚合制得不同阳离子度的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(CPAM).通过探讨反应过程的影响因素,确定了最佳的制备工艺,并对制成的产品进行了性能研究.当反应温度50℃,物质的量比n(丙烯酰胺)∶n(甲醛)∶n(二甲胺)=1∶1.2∶1,反应时间为2 h时,制备的阳离子单体可使乳液聚合的产品获得最佳的阳离子度.通过正交实验反映了单体质量分数、引发剂质量分数、油水相体积比以及反应温度对聚合反应的影响.结果表明,当单体质量分数为30%,引发剂质量分数为0.8%,油水相体积比1.2∶1,反应温度40℃时产品的絮凝效果最佳.在常温、酸性条件下,CPAM对硅藻土的絮凝效果良好.     

高锰酸钾引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯微乳液聚合

以高锰酸钾为引发剂,采用膨胀计法,对十二烷基硫酸钠与乳化剂OP协同稳定的甲基丙烯酸甲酯O/W型微乳液体系的聚合进行了研究,考察了引发剂种类、反应温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度及AA/MMA质量比对微乳液单体转化率及聚合速率的影响,结果表明：相对于油溶性的偶氮二异丁腈,水溶性的高锰酸钾和过硫酸钾引发微乳液聚合的速率较快且转化率较高;反应温度升高,聚合速率及最终转化率先增加后减小,35℃以上聚合时的表观活化能为-82.7kJ/mol;高锰酸钾浓度增大,聚合速率及最终转化率逐步增至最大值并趋于稳定;随单体浓度以及AA/MMA质量比的增加,聚合速率及最终转化率存在峰值;此外,条件适宜可以观察到比较明显的恒速期.     

超声波辐射对酶法制备生物柴油的影响

以玉米油、乙醇和Novozym435脂肪酶为主要原料,研究了不同因素及超声辐射对酶法制备生物柴油的影响,并与静态和摇床作用进行了比较．结果表明,随着乙醇量、反应温度及溶剂石油醚加入量的增大,生物柴油的产率均先增大后降低,随着酶添加量增大、反应时间的延长,生物柴油产率相应增大．适宜的反应条件:玉米油与乙醇摩尔比1∶1、反应温度50℃、酶添加量10%、溶剂加入量(mL)与玉米油质量(g)比为1∶1、声酶法合成反应时间3h．在相同反应温度下,超声波辐射使生物柴油产率比静态条件下的产率提高了27%～32%,比摇床作用下的产率提高了9%～12%．超声波作用没有改变酶的最适反应温度．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯可聚合微乳液体系的研究

分别采用电导率仪、粘度计和折射仪测定了不同类型微乳液的结构变化.结果表明,在固定甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸(AA)混合单体量的情况下,随着水相含量的增加,体系的电导率、粘度和折射率发生明显变化,体系由反相微乳液经双连续型微乳液逐渐转变为正相微乳液.对微乳液的粒度分析表明,油相含量较低时,正相微乳液体系中的液滴可视作溶胀胶束;在反相微乳液中,随着十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液含量的增加,水相液滴粒径明显增大;在MMA/AA/H2O无皂反相微乳液体系中,微乳液的粒子比有皂体系的大.最后,微乳液聚合表明过硫酸钾能够稳定引发正相微乳液聚合,同时Mn3+也可用于引发正相微乳液聚合.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-