市场需求与销售价格相关下基于期权契约的销售商定价与订货策略研究

研究了市场需求与商品销售价格相关条件下,基于期权契约和现货市场联合采购的销售商商品定价与订货策略.分别构建了线性和非线性需求函数下基于期权契约的市场需求与销售价格相关的订货模型,讨论了两种模型下销售商的期权最优订货量和最佳商品定价问题.结果表明:现货市场的引入对销售商收益的增加起到了促进作用;对于两种需求函数,销售商合理制定商品定价和订货策略均能够实现自身收益最大化,并通过数值分析对结论的正确性进行验证.     

价格敏感需求下零售商的最优定价策略

研究单个零售商单个制造商的二级供应链的经典报童模型,考虑单周期下报童模型的联合最优定价-订购决策.分析了需求随机且价格敏感情况下系统的最优价格,给出了最优决策的存在性的充分条件.区别于以往相关的研究,假设需求函数是更一般化的加乘型需求函数.在一些合理的假设下,保证随机需求情况下零售商的期望利润函数是对数凸的.证明了由于需求除价格外随机扰动的存在,零售商的期望收益总是小于仅受价格影响时可获得的确定性收益.另外,假设需求的期望具有递增的价格弹性,可以保证仅受价格影响时可获得的确定性收益函数是拟凸的.本结论可以延伸到带有缺货惩罚的单周期报童模型的联合最优定价-订购决策问题,在理论上更具有一般性,对研究多零售商的价格竞争决策问题和供应链契约协调等问题提供了重要理论依据.     

消费者异质情形下企业产品差异化与定价决策

基于Hotelling模型、Mussa和Rosen模型,在对转换成本和产品成本做出合理假设后,探讨了在竞争环境下企业产品与定价策略,分析了消费者异质性、产品成本对企业策略的影响.研究表明,若两企业都实施单一定价或歧视定价,他们遵循最小差异化原则;若实施不同定价策略,采用歧视定价的企业将获得较高的均衡质量,也会增加自身利润.同时,消费者质量敏感度越高或质量敏感型人数越多,市场均衡质量与价格也越高,企业利润将减少;消费者对价格越敏感或价格敏感型人数越多,均衡质量与价格就越低.随着企业成本系数的增加,均衡质量将降低,当边际成本系数大于某一数值时,企业将被驱逐出市场.最后,进行了算例分析,得出企业的最优策略是实施歧视定价.     

默契合谋下的市场价格操纵机理分析

默契合谋下的市场价格操纵是非寡头垄断市场中企业之间为推动市场价格快速上涨而采取的策略性行为,是同业竞争企业的自主定价行为及其交互影响的结果.对基于Bertrand双头垄断博弈模型进行了分析,揭示出了默契合谋下价格操纵的动力机制、过程机理和实现条件.     

基于主从博弈的面向报童决策者的信息设计

在假设传统报童模型中需求分布给定的前提下,研究信息设计者可通过影响报童决策者的市场需求信念来改变其决策行为,并从中获利的信息设计问题,构建了描述这一问题的主从博弈模型,其中,主问题考虑信息设计者策略组合的优化选择,从问题为报童决策.为求解这一双层规划问题,利用KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件将其转化...     

我国企业定价行为的规范化

以寻求最大利润的商品定价策略为基础，针对目前我国企业定价所存在 的垄断，过渡竞争等问题，提出企业在追求自身利润最大化的基础上，根据市场性质制订价格策略，加快企业退出机制的建立，规范企业间的重组行为，科学界定价格战中的合法与违法行为的界限，进而规范我国企业的定价行为。     

企业竞争中的信息价值模型

为解决企业竞争中市场需求与对手成本调研的经济有效性问题,考虑市场需求信息与竞争对手信息获取的成本,建立了企业竞争的信息价值模型.通过对完全垄断市场、寡头垄断市场、完全竞争市场情形下的Nash博弈均衡讨论及计算机模拟分析发现:不同价格弹性与替代弹性的产品信息价值不同;过度调研获取完全的市场需求信息和对手成本信息并不经济;不同阶段在市场调研与竞争对手调研上存在着不同的最优投入比例.研究结论对企业如何以最小投入获取最有价值的决策信息,从而作出更好的定价与定产决策具有一定的指导意义.     

多方博弈反倾销税率优化模型

目前我国基于倾销幅度来制定反倾销税率,然而很多时候有倾销幅度却没有行业损害,或者已经存在严重的行业损害却因为没有倾销幅度而不能对其采取反倾销制裁.如何能真正考虑到市场中多企业的竞争态势来制定合适的反倾销税率模型是一个重要问题.为探讨这一问题,建立有多方同时选择的两阶段动态博弈模型.以国内社会福利最大化为目标,运用博弈论中的逆向归纳法得到对多个国外企业分别征收的反倾销税率定价模型.研究表明,该模型下的反倾销税率是由国内市场特征、国外企业的边际成本以及国内外企业间的竞争态势共同决定.     

网络团购最优定价模型及策略研究

随着网络团购的发展和市场竞争的加剧,合理定价成为团购商家不得不面临的重要问题。基于团购固定价格机制(fixed-pricing mechanism,FPM)相关研究成果,结合国内团购市场现状,通过分析描述商家营销状况的加速因子和描述商家对市场需求认知程度的商品即时供给量的变化对单个商家自身最优价格取值的影响,提出了改进的团购商品最优定价模型。详细讨论了在不同商品储备量值的情况下,加速因子的取值变化所引起的折扣因子变化的动态机制,并基于这些动态机制提出了相应的定价策略。分析了在完全竞争的团购市场中,相互竞争的团购商家如何通过加速因子和商品供给量值来调整各自的定价策略以达到自身的营销目标,实现团购网站的良性运营。     

随机模糊需求下的自由分布报童问题研究

文章在需求是随机模糊变量的假设下,将经典报童问题扩展为基于随机模糊需求的自由分布报童模型;根据最大隶属原则,将模糊非线性规划问题转化为确定型约束极值问题,并用拉格朗日乘子法寻求最优解;最后,通过最优解的若干性质,分析了需求的随机模糊性对最优订货量和总利润的影响,并说明本模型是对经典报童问题的一种拓展.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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