氧氩流量比对氧化铋纳米薄膜微结构及光电性能的影响研究

为了制备出不同光电性能的氧化铋薄膜,并明晰其性能机理,以便后续研究与氧化锌薄膜复合成压敏薄膜.采用磁控溅射法,改变溅射气氛中氧气和氩气的流量比,在玻璃衬底上制备出了三个氧化铋薄膜样品,并对其微观形貌、结构及光电性能进行了测试分析.结果表明:溅射气氛中的氧氩流量比对薄膜微结构及光电性能影响显著;不同氧氩流量比制备的Bi2 O3薄膜中均含BiO2和Bi杂相,且随着氧氩流量比由0:40增大至4:36,薄膜中Bi含量减少,BiO2增加;薄膜颜色由黑变黄;沉积速率由14 nm/min减少至12 nm/min;晶粒尺寸增大,表面趋向致密均匀,可见光区透过率由0.25％增加到56.73％;禁带宽度由0增加到3.17 eV;载流子浓度、导电性能急剧降低,调节溅射气氛中氧氩流量比可有效控制氧化铋薄膜的禁带宽度,载流子浓度等,从而获得不同光电性能的薄膜样品.     

顺序离子束溅射沉积制备GdAlO3单一晶相薄膜技术

顺序沉积薄膜制备技术包括前驱薄膜制备和后期薄膜热处理技术，特别适合复杂组分的薄膜制备．采用IM100离子束材料芯片沉积仪在MgO(100)基片上顺序沉积Gd2O3和Al单层薄膜，经后续低温扩散和高温晶化两步热处理得到GdAlO3单一晶相薄膜．以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段，分析所得GdAlO3薄膜的晶体结构和微观形貌，考察热处理过程对GdAlO3薄膜生长过程及微观结构的影响．实验结果表明顺序沉积薄膜制备技术具有化学计量比控制精确的优点，两步热处理可以得到结晶状况良好的单相结晶薄膜．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺钕钛酸铋铁电薄膜

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si基片上制备了掺钕(Nd)的Bi4Ti3O12薄膜(Bi4-xNdx)Ti3O12(x=0．85)，将薄膜于空气中710℃退火0．5h，形成BNT多晶薄膜。系统研究了薄膜的结构、电学性质、表面形貌、漏电流、疲劳特性等。结果表明薄膜呈(117)和(00l)的混合取向，显示良好的铁电性(2Pr=60．8μC／cm^2)，并呈现良好的抗疲劳特性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备层状LiMn0．5Ni0．5O2锂离子电池正极材料及其电化学性能

以醋酸锂、醋酸锰和醋酸镍为原料，羟基乙二酸为螯合剂，通过溶胶-凝胶法制备层状LiMn0．5Ni0．5O2正极材料，得到的产物具有典型的α-NaFeO2层状结构，颗粒尺寸在300-400nm之间。对900℃下制得的层状LiMn05Ni0．5O2在2.5-4．3V之间进行充放电测试，电流密度为0．1mAcm^-2，其首次放电容量达到了161．2mAh g-^1。经过20次循环后，仍然保留了初始容量的88％。     

基片温度对氧化铋薄膜光学性质的影响

在玻璃基片上直流磁控溅射沉积氧化铋薄膜,基片温度从室温增加到300℃并保持其它沉积条件一致,研究基片温度对薄膜光学性能的影响.样品的晶体结构、表面形貌和透射光谱分别用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和分光光度计进行测量.结果表明,随着基片温度的增加,样品中Bi2O3的(120)衍射峰强度增强,表面颗粒直径逐渐减小;基片温度为...     

ZnO薄膜的分形生长以及退火对ZnO薄膜结构和性质的影响

通过射频磁控溅射的方法，分别在NaCl和Si基片上制备厚度约为10nm的ZnO薄膜，通过SEM、TEM等测试手段分析了薄膜的表面状况，结果显示，在两种基片上沉积的薄膜都呈现分形生长的形貌．通过对两种基片上生长的薄膜进行比较，分别计算了这两种薄膜的分形维数．在Al2O3上制备了厚度约为300nm的ZnO薄膜，通过在不同温度下对样品进行退火处理，并利用XRD、PL测试手段研究了退火处理对薄膜结构和光致发光性质的影响．结果表明，随着退火温度升高，薄膜的晶体结构逐渐变好，发光峰位也随着退火温度发生偏移．     

超级电容器RuO_2·nH_2O电极材料的热处理工艺

以RuCl_3·3H_2O水溶液为电沉积液,采用直流一示差脉冲组合电沉积技术制备超级电容器用钽基RuO_2·nH_2O薄膜阴极材料.借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电化学分析仪,研究RuO_2·nH_2O薄膜的微观形貌、物相结构、循环伏安和充放电性能.实验结果表明:RuCl_3H_2O先驱体经热处理后转变成RuO_2·nH_2O薄膜,呈不定形结构时能获得较大的比电容;随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜材料的附着力提高,RuO_2·nH_2O薄膜由不定形结构向晶体结构转变,随之薄膜的比电容下降;在300℃热处理的RuO_2·nH_2O薄膜电极材料,其比电容为466 F/g,薄膜与钽基体的附着力为11.3 MPa,薄膜的单位面积质量为2.5 mg/cm~2,1 000次充放电循环后比电容为循环前的93.1%.     

化学溶液沉积Bi2Sr2Co2O8热电薄膜及其激光诱导电压效应研究

利用化学溶液沉积技术在LaAlO3（001）单晶基片上外延生长了Bi2Sr2Co2O8热电薄膜并对其激光诱导电压效应进行了研究．热电性能测试表明该外延薄膜的室温电阻率和塞贝克系数均可以和优质单晶样品相比拟．此外,实验发现当用308nm,532nm,1064nm及10．6gm的激光辐照生长在斜切LaAlO3上的Bi2Sr2Co2O8外延薄膜表面时,可以在薄膜中观测到很强的横向开路电压信号．分析认为当入射激光光子能量（308,532和1064nm激光输出）大于Bi2Sr2Co2O8禁带宽度时,在Bi2Sr2Co2O8外延薄膜中观测到的激光诱导横向开路电压信号源于该薄膜热电效应和光电效应的综合贡献;而当入射激光光子能量（10．6μm激光输出）小于Bi2Sr2Co208禁带宽度时,在Bi2Sr2Co2O8外延薄膜中观测到的激光诱导横向开路电压信号主要源于薄膜的热电效应．以上结果表明Bi2Sr2Co2O8热电薄膜不仅在热电器件领域而且在宽波段激光光探测器领域都具有潜在的应用前景．     

V2O5薄膜的超声喷雾制备及其性能研究

采用超声喷雾法在玻璃衬底上制备了V2O5薄膜，研究了超声沉积参数对V2O5薄膜微结构以及薄膜晶化生长过程的影响．利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分光光度计和电阻测量等手段对薄膜的晶相结构表面形貌和性能进行了分析．XRD结果表明：V2O5薄膜为斜方晶系结构，当衬底温度（Ts）小于215℃时，沉积的薄膜为非晶态；当Ts≥215℃时，V2O5薄膜开始形成微晶结构，而且随着衬底温度上升，薄膜的择优取向由（001）方向向（110）方向发生了转变．SEM图谱显示了V2O5薄膜的沉积生长过程．当V2O5薄膜温度从室温升高至380℃时，薄膜电阻变化了将近2个数量级；该方法制备的V2O5薄膜光学能隙Eg=2．25eV．     

化学溶液沉积法制备BiFeO_3薄膜的结构及性能研究

采用化学溶液沉积法在ITO玻璃基片上制备铁酸铋Bi Fe O3薄膜。薄膜呈纯钙钛矿结构,无杂相生成。此外,薄膜表面光滑致密、没有微裂痕。薄膜得到的晶粒尺寸较小,约为45 nm。在550℃1 h退火的薄膜有良好的电学特性,在1 k Hz频率下测得的相对介电常数、损耗因子分别约为198、3%;此外,在760 k V/cm电场驱动下,薄膜得到的剩余极化(2Pr)约为25μC/cm2,矫顽电场(2Ec)约为650 k V/cm。BFO薄膜在550℃退后,通过吸收光谱分析得到BFO薄膜的光学带隙为2.7 e V。这些结果表明,退火温度550℃制备的Bi Fe O3固溶体薄膜具有较好的性能,有望成为光电器件的候选材料。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.