S、La3+共掺杂TiO2的制备及其可见光下光催化制氢性能

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了S、La3 共掺杂TiO2可见光光催化剂.通过UV-Vis DRS、XRD、XPS、电化学等手段对催化剂进行了表征.以可见光光催化制氢为探针反应考察了催化剂的活性.结果表明:两种元素掺杂没有改变TiO2的晶型,但掺杂后增强了TiO2晶格畸变;La3 掺杂显著地提高了S/TiO2的可见光活性.相对于纯TiO2和S/TiO2,S、La3 共掺杂时TiO2的粒径更小,平带电位负移更明显,光的吸收边带红移更显著.当S、Ti的量比,n(S)/n(Ti)为5:1、La3 掺杂量(质量分数)为0.75%、煅烧温度为450℃时,La3 /S/TiO2的光催化活性最高.     

氮掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其可见光催化活性的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂TiO2光催化剂.研究了溶胶液的pH,溶胶液的温度,N掺杂量以及焙烧温度对TiO2光催化剂催化活性的影响,并用XRD、UV-Vis、XPS等手段对催化剂性能进行了表征,考察了催化剂在可见光和紫外光下的催化活性.结果表明最佳的制备条件为:饱和尿素溶液的加入量为4 mL、溶胶液的pH为2.5、溶胶液的反应温度为40℃、焙烧温度为500℃.制得的N/TiO2催化剂为锐钛矿相、平均粒径为18.5 nm.该催化剂在钨灯可见光照射5 h后对亚甲基蓝溶液的去除率为41.8%,比同样条件下用纯TiO2高11.9倍.     

钆、镉共掺纳米TiO_2光催化剂的合成及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯、硝酸钆和硝酸镉为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Gd和Cd共掺杂型纳米TiO2光催化剂,借助X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-vis等测试手段对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物考察了掺杂量对样品光催化活性的影响规律。XRD分析表明,所得粉体均为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,且Gd和Cd共掺后随着掺杂量的增加,纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;UV-vis光谱分析表明,适量钆(0.2%)掺杂使得催化剂在400～600nm的可见光区域对光响应,而在Gd掺杂的基础上掺杂Cd后,催化剂在紫外光区及400～600nm的可见光区吸收显著增强,对光具有更高的利用率;光催化实验表明,钆和镉掺杂对纳米TiO2光催化活性有显著的影响,当钆和镉掺杂量为0.2%、0.3%时其光催化活性最好。     

多元掺杂负载型TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能

为了提高TiO2光催化剂日光催化性能及解决催化剂回收问题,采用微乳液法制备了La3+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ce4+共掺杂TiO2/粉煤灰微珠光催化剂,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定了光催化剂的可见光吸收性能,用能谱仪(EDS)分析了催化剂的元素含量,以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了催化剂的光催化性能。实验结果表明:掺杂复合粒子在可见光区吸光性能均高于TiO2/漂珠;且多元素掺杂有协同作用,催化剂的吸收边带红移更多,对可见光的吸收也更强。日光照射下(,Co2+,Fe3+,Ce4+)三元共掺杂催化剂的活性≈(La3+,Ce4+)二元共掺杂催化剂的活性>Fe3+、La3+单掺杂催化剂的活性。     

硫掺杂纳米氧化钛的制备及日光敏催化活性研究

本文为开发对太阳光的可见光区进行响应的光催化剂,以巯基乙酸为硫掺杂剂,采用简易溶胶-凝胶法制备硫掺杂TiO2,并以2,4-DCP为典型污染物,检验其可见光催化活性。利用XRD、XPS、UV-Vis光谱等手段表征光催化剂。结果表明,硫掺杂能提高TiO2的结晶度,并抑制晶相从锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变。掺入TiO2的硫位于晶格O位点和晶格间隙,替代硫和间隙硫掺杂TiO2的光吸收均发生明显的红移,并有较高的吸收强度。适量的硫掺杂,引起适量的氧空缺和Ti^3＋,增强氧化钛的光催化活性。     

掺杂改性TiO_2/AC与TiO_2/ACF的制备及其对气相甲苯的降解性能

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe、N离子共掺杂的、以活性炭(AC)和活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体的TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF光催化剂.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计等对催化剂样品进行了表征.选取甲苯为模型化合物进行光催化降解实验,研究了催化剂制备过程中离子掺杂量、抑制剂种类、焙烧温度、载体种类以及循环使用次数对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明:TiO2在ACF上的分散效果好于在AC上;TiO2以颗粒状镶嵌在AC孔隙内、以膜状包覆在ACF表面,所制备的光催化剂均以锐钛矿相存在;Fe、N离子共掺杂实现了催化剂的可见光响应;以冰醋酸为抑制剂、N和Fe离子掺杂量均为8%(摩尔分数)、500℃下焙烧2 h时,所得的TiO2/ACF光催化剂对气相甲苯的降解活性最高,循环使用效果最好.     

Fe3+-N改性二氧化钛光催化剂的研制

利用微波等离子体沉膜技术和溶胶-凝胶法在载玻片上制备同时掺Fe3 和N的TiO2膜,经500℃焙烧后所得光催化剂性能较好.分别以紫外和可见光为光源,光催化降解茜素红,结果发现:掺铁量均为0.1%的Fe-N/TiO2较Fe/TiO2的光催化活性好,而且可见光的利用率明显增强;UV-Vis扫描显示掺铁0.1%的Fe-N/TiO2紫外吸收峰较其他TiO2光催化剂强且明显红移.XRD谱图结果表明,分别在500℃和550℃焙烧后的0.1?-N/TiO2,均为锐钛矿型,晶体粒度分别为15.3 nm和20.6 nm,XPS谱图显示Fe-N/TiO2有N1s谱峰.     

铁掺杂纳米TiO2的可见光催化性能

为了提高纳米TiO2催化剂的光催化氧化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法,以酞酸丁酯为原料制备铁掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂(Fe-TiO2).分别采用X射线衍射和紫外-可见光漫反射对其晶相和光催化活性进行表征.以偶氮结构的弱酸性染料溶液为目标降解物,研究在可见光照射下Fe-TiO2的光催化性能.结果表明,Fe-TiO2光催化剂的晶相为单一锐钛矿相,粒径为17.7nm;吸收边带红移至500nm,禁带宽度减小到2.48eV.在可见光下光催化反应180min,Fe-TiO2光催化剂对弱酸性染料的降解率达99.86%.     

氮和硫共掺杂的纳米二氧化钛的制备及表征

以钛酸丁酯（TPOT）为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得掺有氮和硫两种非金属元素的纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）,并利用紫外-可见光谱（UV—vis）、红外光谱（IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,该方法的确可以使N和S元素共掺杂到纳米TiO2中,并且使得纳米TiO2的吸收范围拓展到可见光区域,从400nm拓展到580nm．     

制备工艺条件对纳米Ti_(1-x)S_xO_2薄膜光催化活性的影响

以硫脲为S的源物质,以钛酸丁酯为TiO2的前驱体,以蜂窝陶瓷为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶-浸渍提拉法制备Ti1-xSxO2薄膜,探讨热处理温度、S掺杂量及涂膜等工艺条件对Ti1-xSxO2薄膜的光催化活性的影响。研究结果表明：掺硫TiO2光催化剂在可见光区的吸收强度增大;采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍提拉法制备Ti1-xSxO2光催化剂的最佳工艺条件是：硫脲与Ti（OBu）4摩尔比为3：1,煅烧温度为600℃,涂膜层数为6。在最佳工艺条件下制备的Ti1-xSxO2纳米薄膜对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达100％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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