核电主管道铸造不锈钢的热老化脆化

为了研究中国核电主管道铸造不锈钢Z3CN20-09M的热老化,在300、350和400℃下,对Z3CN20-09M进行了长达30000 h的加速热老化实验.对不同热老化时间下的样品进行了冲击性能和铁素体纳米硬度测定.以夏比冲击功作为热老化脆化参量,利用拟合的方法得出该材料的热老化激活能为51.962 kJ.mol-1.通过热老化因子P得出了用夏比冲击功表示的热老化脆化动力学公式.利用热老化激活能和热老化动力学公式预测了Z3CN20-09M在实际运行温度下服役40 a内的夏比冲击功和铁素体显微硬度变化.预测结果表明在运行5a内是该材料韧性迅速下降的时期,随后的运行过程中下降过程趋缓.     

核电主管道铸造不锈钢的热老化脆化

为了研究中国核电主管道铸造不锈钢Z3CN20-09M的热老化,在300、350和400℃下,对Z3CN20-09M进行了长达30000 h的加速热老化实验.对不同热老化时间下的样品进行了冲击性能和铁素体纳米硬度测定.以夏比冲击功作为热老化脆化参量,利用拟合的方法得出该材料的热老化激活能为51.962 kJ·mol^-1.通过热老化因子P得出了用夏比冲击功表示的热老化脆化动力学公式.利用热老化激活能和热老化动力学公式预测了Z3CN20-09M在实际运行温度下服役40 a内的夏比冲击功和铁素体显微硬度变化.预测结果表明在运行5 a内是该材料韧性迅速下降的时期,随后的运行过程中下降过程趋缓.     

双相不锈钢热老化前后拉伸变形行为的电子背散射衍射表征

通过电子背散射衍射实验分析方法,研究变形量和热老化因素对双相不锈钢的拉伸性能、相边界、局部应变分布、重位点阵特殊晶界和取向分布的影响。研究结果表明：热老化后,双相不锈钢的强度提高,韧性降低;在大变形条件下铁素体晶粒内小角度晶界的数量和密度略有增加;热老化材料的铁素体的塑性变形和局部应变能力下降,大变形破坏初始奥氏体和铁素体以及∑3孪晶边界的分布。     

X120高级管线钢再加热过程中的组织演化

利用硬度测量和金相观察,研究了X120管线钢在700℃重新加热过程中组织和性能的变化,同时利用萃取复型技术观察了其析出行为.结果显示:实验轧制的超细化组织在700℃保温过程中硬度逐渐下降,大约10h左右出现一个硬化平台,48h时硬度降低到185Hv.贝氏体组织比较稳定,保温20h可以观察到大量的多边形铁素体,48h时大部分非平衡组织均转变为多边形铁素体组织,但原奥氏体晶界依然可见.在保温10h时发现有细小的析出相存在,而48h时析出颗粒粗化.     

退火温度对20MnSi钢ECAP变形组织的影响

采用C方式等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)法制备了平均晶粒尺寸～0.20 μm的亚微晶20MnSi钢,研究了退火温度对ECAP变形组织的影响.结果表明,随退火温度升高,ECAP变形获得的亚微晶铁素体变形组织在原位逐渐演变为再结晶组织,300～500℃退火1 h后,亚微晶铁素体组织稳定,晶粒无明显长大.退火温度高于500℃后,铁素体晶粒开始明显长大,650℃退火后的铁素体平均晶粒尺寸～8μm.经ECAP变形的珠光体组织在较低温度退火时,渗碳体具有较强的球化能力.     

重交通道路沥青老化规律及评价方法

采用薄膜烘箱加热试验方法,对重交通沥青在不同老化时间和老化温度下的性能指标进行测试,分析了时间和温度对沥青老化的影响,并将薄膜烘箱老化试验与美国战略公路研究计划(SHRP)的沥青性能老化评价方法的相关性进行了对比研究。结果表明:重交通道路沥青在老化10 h(163℃)或老化温度高于163℃时性能变化颇为显著;可采用薄膜烘箱老化试验5 h(163℃)老化前后的软化点比1、0 h(163℃)老化前后的25℃针入度比和15℃延度比来评价沥青老化后抗车辙能力;可采用薄膜烘箱老化试验10 h(163℃)或5 h(180℃)老化前后的针入度比和延度比指标来评价沥青老化后的抗疲劳性能;可采用薄膜烘箱老化试验24 h(163℃)老化前后的延度比或软化点比指标来评价沥青长期老化后的抗裂性能。     

低温贝氏体转变对渗碳纳米贝氏体轴承钢表层组织与性能的影响

本文设计了一种高碳钢,用于模拟轴承用渗碳纳米贝氏体钢表层的高碳层,并研究了随等温时间延长,其组织演变和力学性能变化规律.结果表明,当试验钢在200℃等温淬火时,贝氏体转变结束时间为48 h.随着等温时间的延长,马氏体含量降低,贝氏体铁素体含量升高,残余奥氏体含量先升高后降低,并在8 h时达到最高值,约为34.5％.贝氏...     

WHT1300HF高强钢在中性盐雾中的腐蚀行为

采用失重法研究WHT1300HF高强钢在中性盐雾环境下的耐蚀性,并结合XRD和SEM分析其腐蚀产物和腐蚀层形貌特征.结果表明:随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀速率先增大后减小,在48h时达到了最大腐蚀速率,其中,铁素体和珠光体组织试样的腐蚀速率为4.016 5g/(m~2·h),马氏体组织试样的为3.436 9g/(m~2·h).WHT1300HF高强钢的腐蚀层形貌中出现了大量的棉球状颗粒和少量的板状颗粒以及裂纹等;腐蚀时间达到96h时,试样表面发生了严重的全面腐蚀,最终腐蚀产物主要由α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe_3O_4组成,通过失重曲线和腐蚀速率曲线可以得出,铁素体和珠光体组织试样的失重量和腐蚀速率都比马氏体组织的略高.     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的老化机理

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱3种表征方法 ,对热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)在紫外光老化、微波老化和热氧老化条件下的老化行为进行了研究,探讨了TPU的老化机理.研究结果表明:在微波老化和热氧老化中,TPU有着相同的老化机理,初期因热导致TPU样品的后熟化,使样品中残余的异氰酸酯与水解得到的伯胺反应生成脲基,并进一步反应生成缩二脲基团.延长微波老化时间至30min后,大部分的TPU硬段分解,主产物为TPU链段组成之一的聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA).微波老化可明显加快热氧老化进程,TPU在微波下老化15min等效于热氧老化600h.TPU在紫外光下老化,其化学结构无明显变化,随老化时间的延长,氢键化的氨酯基增多,氢键含量增大,仅少量氨酯键断裂,生成烯胺,导致外观变黄.     

初始组织形态对中碳钢温变形组织演变的影响

中碳钢温变形过程的组织演变包含铁素体动态回复、再结晶和渗碳体的析出球化等过程.采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机研究了初始组织形态对含碳0.48%(质量分数)的中碳钢在温变形中上述复杂过程的影响.结果表明:初始组织为珠光体 先共析铁素体的试样在温加工变形中渗碳体层片发生了扭折、溶断到逐渐球化的过程,在铁素体回复再结晶的同时伴随着细小弥散的渗碳体颗粒从过饱和铁素体中析出,得到微米级铁素体晶粒和颗粒状渗碳体弥散分布的复相组织,但等轴状铁素体晶粒与弥散的渗碳体颗粒沿变形方向呈带状不均匀分布.温加工变形促进初始组织为马氏体的中碳钢中渗碳体析出和铁素体回复与再结晶.由于初始条件下碳的分布在微观尺度下相对均匀,变形后获得细小等轴铁素体与均匀分布颗粒状渗碳体的组织.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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