用太阳辐射数据推测城市大气污染状况初探

根据Ｈｅｅｒｍａｎｎ余弦晴天太阳辐射模型，利用在城市中心测得的太阳总辐射数据，提出估计城市上空大气总污染水平的方法。以南宁市为例证计算由于城市污染所引起的太阳辐射衰减量，发现此衰减量为１５％～３０％，冬天比夏天严重。     

基于辐照量的光伏电站系统效率非稳态计算方法

基于实测数据,系统分析了日辐照量对光伏阵列转换效率、逆变器效率、光伏电站系统效率的影响,结合光伏电站结构分析了影响光伏电站系统效率的因素,建立了光伏阵列转换效率、逆变器效率与日辐照量之间的非线性模型,提出了一种基于辐照量的光伏电站系统效率的非稳态估算方法。结果表明：光伏阵列转换效率、逆变器效率随日辐照量的波动导致了光伏电站系统效率随日辐照量变化。该方法可用于计算电站的月或年总发电量,能够更加准确地计算出目标电站的系统效率并预测电站发电量,在光伏电站的效率分析、运营评估等工程方面有着良好的应用前景。     

基于时空信息的区域内光伏电站功率预测

准确的光伏电站输出功率预测对于电力系统的稳定安全运行具有重要的意义。为充分挖掘区域内多个电站间的时空信息特征,提高区域内电站功率的预测精度,提出了一种基于图卷积和长短期记忆网络(graph convolutional network-long short-term memory,GCN-LSTM)的光伏电站功率预测方法。该方法首先采用K均值聚类算法(K-means clustering algorithm, Kmeans)将区域内电站的总功率划分3种不同的天气类型;然后,为预测区域内总功率,构建了一个假想电站,并利用图卷积网络(graph convolutional network,GCN)提取电站间的动态空间相关信息特征;最后,将GCN挖掘的信息构成时间序列作为长短期记忆网络(long short-term memory network,LSTM)的输入,提取电站的时间信息特征,从而对区域内的光伏功率进行预测。结果表明,该方法可充分挖掘电站间的时空相关信息,可较为准确地对光伏电站输出功率进行预测,能够为保障电力系统的稳定安全运行提供一定参考价值。     

光伏光照概率性对配电网电压的影响

分布式光伏发电接入配电网后将对配网无功电压特性产生诸多影响.文中建立了基于太阳辐射度Beta分布的分布式光伏发电系统概率模型,考虑太阳辐射度对光伏发电系统出力的影响,模拟了晴天少云、晴朗无云、晴间多云这3种典型天气情况下光伏发电系统的出力变动,得到连续时间断面的概率性光伏出力,依次进行潮流计算,并与恒功率光伏电源模型的潮流计算结果作对比.结合算例仿真,总结分析了光伏并网后对配电网稳态电压分布和电压幅值波动的影响规律,并验证了概率性分布式光伏发电模型相比于传统的恒功率模型更能够反映光伏电源出力的波动性和随机性.     

晴天光伏发电功率的日内变化规律及预测方法研究

针对晴天天气类型,研究了光伏发电功率的日内和年内尺度的变化规律,根据晴天出力变化速率曲线的特性,提出晴天光伏发电功率预测模型,在晴天光伏发电功率预测模型的基础上,根据光功率实时监测信息,加入分阶段实时修正系统,实现了日前预测与超短期预测相融合,提高了预测精度.黄河上游共和光伏电站实例应用结果表明:所提出的晴天光伏发电功率预测模型的总体平均预测误差在2%以下,用于光伏发电功率预测的其他方法如线性回归、神经网络、支持向量机等在相同条件下的预测误差区间为8%～20%,故所提出的方法预测精度有大幅度提高.该模型的输入值都是基于光伏电站自身的出力特性提取的,不需要辐射量、云层、气压、降水量等难以获取的信息,是一种简单并实用的创新预测方法.     

集中式光伏电站的可靠性评价方法

光伏发电的大规模应用,对光伏电站的寿命预测和可靠性评估提出了更高的要求.本文分析了光伏电站电气结构模型中各器件的指数分布的失效率,运用故障树理论建立了集中式光伏电站的可靠性评估方法.通过光伏电站的失效数据对该评价模型进行了验证和分析,并提出了各器件对电站可靠性影响的优先级分类.这有助于优化光伏电站的维护策略,建立更加灵活高效的光伏检测系统,保证电站的安全运行.     

基于神经网络的光伏电站气象-功率模型

基于双层前馈神经网络建立光伏电站输出功率与辐照等气象因素间的非机理模型。建立光伏电站输出功率与气象因素的神经网络模型;对功率模型的输入特征进行选择,分析不同气象因素的组合作为输入变量对模型准确度的影响,明确功率模型的输入变量;分析该模型网络的训练算法、隐含层神经元个数及训练次数对模型准确度的影响,据此确定功率模型的最优结构与参数;基于光伏电站的实际数据对功率模型进行验证。结果表明,基于双层前馈神经网络的光伏电站气象-功率模型具有较高的准确度。     

光伏电站机电暂态实用化等值建模方法

为兼顾光伏电站实际运行特性及大电网全域仿真压力,同时考虑场站级建模实际成本及工程推广,提出了一种光伏电站机电暂态实用化等值建模方法。首先基于光伏电站有功功率控制及逆变器低电压穿越试验实测数据,利用最小二乘估计法辨识得到符合实际特性的光伏发电单元关键参数,并在此基础上考虑集电线路等对光伏电站暂态特性的影响,依据光伏电站整场实际运行情况搭建完成场站级详细机电暂态模型;然后基于综合距离指标实现扰动情况下对各光伏方阵的分群聚类,并根据分群结果利用等值前后并网点输出功率不变原则求取集电线路等值参数,由此完成场站级等值模型搭建。最后仿真对比某实际光伏电站等值模型及详细模型运行特性。结果表明所提机电暂态等值建模方法具有较好的准确性和工程实用性。     

上海地区夏季地表热通量特征及其影响因素

通过土壤温度预报校正(TDEC)法验证了地表下5 mm处测量土壤热通量的准确性,并以此代表地表热通量.总结了上海地区3种典型日(晴天、多云、雨天)地表下5 mm处土壤热通量的日变化情况,并通过控制变量法综合分析不同因素(太阳辐射量、土壤含水量、云量等)对土壤热通量的影响.结果表明:土壤热通量的波动晴天时最剧烈,波动范围为-23.62～111.81 W/m~2;随着土壤深度的递减,土壤热通量在多云和雨天的波动范围依次减小;未下雨时太阳辐射量与土壤热通量之间的相关性较强(R~20.74);土壤热通量的波动范围随土壤含水量的增加而缩小;在不同典型日,土壤热通量受到不同因素的影响.     

泥质海床的黏弹塑性模型

为研究波浪在泥质海床上的波高衰减,该文利用不可压缩流体的基本方程建立了波浪作用下水和底泥耦合运动的数值模型,模型能适应各种形式的底泥本构关系.控制方程组采用有限体积法求解,自由表面和水与泥层的界面采用VOF方法模拟.通过对比研究黏性模型和黏弹塑性模型对于底泥引起波浪衰减现象的有效性表明,当底泥密度较小时,黏性模型可以较好地模拟底泥引起的波浪衰减,但底泥密度较大时,其塑性特征不能忽视,采用更具一般性的黏弹塑性模型才能较好地反映波浪衰减的趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with