常温干燥法制备纳米炭粉

以煤焦油沥青为原料,浓硫酸和浓硝酸为氧化剂,利用溶胶-凝胶方法制备水性中间相沥青.将水性中间相沥青溶解于氨水中得到水相炭基凝胶,经过乙醇与水交换后进行常温干燥和热处理制备纳米炭粉.利用FT-IR光谱、TG、XRD和TEM等分析手段对水性中间相沥青、纳米炭原粉以及纳米炭粉进行了表征.结果表明:采用常温干燥方法制备纳米炭粉是可行的,制得的纳米炭粉粒度均匀、规则,形状近似于球形,平均粒径为20 nm左右,其炭结构为无序的乱层石墨结构.在沥青与混酸氧化过程中,主要发生硝化、氧化、磺化反应;纳米炭原粉的热解过程分为脱醇脱水、预热解、强烈热分解和结构重排等四个阶段.     

炭载型TiO2光催化剂前躯体的制备及表征

以TiCl4和水性中间相为主要原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界干燥技术制备炭载型TiO2光催化剂，用XRD，TEM，FT-IR对试样进行表征，重点考察炭载型TiO2光催化剂的内部结构和外部形貌特征。结果显示：炭载体为含有许多特征官能团的无定形炭，尺寸范围小于1μm；主催化剂TiO2呈四方晶系锐钛矿型，粒度小于10nm；TiO2均匀弥散在炭载体表面。     

超细AlOOH的制备与表征

以Al2(SO4)3为原料,在pH值为3．5,溶胶浓度为0．4mol/L,加入0．3％水溶性高分子分散剂,于80度下胶溶4h,制得稳定溶胶,后经5h 100-150℃热处理,制得超细AlOOH,用差热,Zeta电势,X射线衍射,透射电子显微镜等测试手段对样品进行表征,超细AlOOH为分散均匀的似球形,平均粒度为70nm左右,还讨论了溶胶－凝胶热处理偶合法制备超细AlOOH粉末的工艺条件。     

Fe2O3/Al2O3二元超细复合材料的制备

用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)结合超临界干燥技术(SCFD)制备Fe2O3／Al2O3二元超细复合材料，并用XRD，TEM进行检测。研究结果表明，采用该法，可制得红色、分散性好、粒径小于1μm的Fe2O3／Al2O3二元超细复合材料。     

磁性纳米催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-Fe3O4的制备及表征

用溶胶一凝胶法、沉淀法将磁性材料与固体酸进行组装，制备了磁性纳米固体酸催化剂SO4^2-／TiO2-Fe3O4．该类催化剂能通过外加磁场进行分离、回收．扫描电镜、透射电镜观察及磁性能、比表面积测试结果表明，用溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂比用沉淀法制备的催化剂具有更小的粒径、更高的磁强度和更优异的催化性能．X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱分析表明，影响催化剂磁性能和催化活性的主要因素是Ti与Fe的摩尔比、焙烧温度和浸渍液浓度。     

离子浸渍复合TiO2光催化剂的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶－浸渍法制备了掺杂Fe^3 ,NH4^ ,SO4^2-的TiO2光催化剂粉体，并用XRD．IR．UV－Vis等方法对其结构进行了表征。结果表明，以TiO2干凝胶为母体，依次浸渍Fe^3 ,NH4^ ,SO4^2-的光催化剂粉体Fe^3 /NH4^ /SO4^2-/TiO2（浸）中锐钛矿相近100％，晶粒粒径分布均匀，最小粒径为4nm；与纯TiO2相比，紫外光谱响应红移15nm.以直接耐晒兰为模型反应物，评价了掺杂半导体TiO2的光催化降解性能。     

膏霜类化妆品的预处理及多种微量元素的测定

用HNO3 H2 SO4 HClO4消化法、HNO3 H2 SO4消化法、(HNO3 HClO4)混合酸 H2 SO4消化法三种预处理方法处理膏霜类化妆品样品 ,并以ICP AES法直接测定样品中铜、铬、镉、锰、锌、铅的含量 .结果显示 ,采用 (HNO3 HClO4)混合酸 H2 SO4消化法预处理样品 ,能够得到较好的效果 ,测定方法加标回收率为 93 6 % - 1 0 3 8% ,1 0次测定的RSD (n =1 0 )小于4 89% ,方法操作方便 ,分析速度快 ,结果准确     

溶胶—凝胶法制备超细氧化镧粉体及其表征

以硝酸镧为原料,在较低温度下用水解沉淀法合成了镧的氢氧化物溶液,用溶胶－凝胶法制备了超细的氧化镧粉体。通过反应温度、ｐＨ值、超声时间等条件的改变研究了在不同反应条件下形成的溶胶颗粒度的变化规律。运用粒度分析、差热、Ｘ射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜等多种分析测试方法对干凝胶的分解过程及最终形成的超细氧化镧进行了分析和表征。     

溶胶—凝胶超临界干燥法制备纳米氧化镍气凝胶

以硝酸镍和氢氧化为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶超临界流体干燥法制备了氧化镍气凝胶超细粉末。并采用TEM和XRD等测试手段对所制得的气凝胶粉末的表面形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明，气凝胶具有较疏松的外观结构和良好的流动性，它由球形以及晶须状的、分散性较好的立方相氧化镍粒子组成，其颗粒尺寸以及晶须直径约为3－10nm。     

纳米级固体超强酸的制备与表征

用溶胶一凝胶法并采用溶剂替代干燥法制备纳米Zn，用纳米Zn制取纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2。通过TEM，IR，X-ray和XPS对纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2的结构进行了表征，并用流动指示剂法对纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2的酸强度进行了表征。通过松油醇的乙酰化反应描述了纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2。的催化性能，松油醇的转化率达到99．6％，乙酸松油酯的质量分数为81．23％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of