2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出行为

对固溶处理后的双相不锈钢2205进行了不同温度下(750~950℃)的等温时效处理,利用OM观测不同时效条件下析出相的形貌特征,重点观测了800℃下σ相的析出过程,并通过EDS,XRD,TEM和电子探针等检测手段对800℃,240min时效处理后试样的内部组织进行了研究,揭示了σ相的析出特征及机理.结果表明:σ相是一种Fe-Cr-Mo金属间化合物,属于四方结构;时效过程中,σ相通过δ铁素体→γ2+σ反应生成,合金元素Mo的扩散是其形成的主要影响因素;保温240min后,时效温度为800℃时σ相析出量最大,相同时间条件下时效温度为950℃时,σ相析出量明显降低.     

热压缩变形终了温度对7050铝合金显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble1500热模拟机对7050铝合金进行多道次热压缩试验,热压缩开始温度为430℃,经过7道次热压缩变形,终了温度分别控制在300,340,370,400和430℃。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察合金在不同终了温度热压缩变形后及固溶时效后的显微组织。研究结果表明:随着终了温度的升高,各相同道次的流变应力逐渐下降;热压缩变形后合金组织中第二相粒子逐渐减少;尺寸较小的亚晶逐渐演变成晶界平直的晶粒;当终了温度较低时,合金变形后储存大量的变形能,固溶时效后出现大量的再结晶组织;随着终了温度的升高,变形过程中动态、静态软化消耗的变形能增加,固溶时效后再结晶组织逐渐减少。     

热处理对第二代镍基单晶合金DD11显微组织及持久性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对铸态、固溶态和时效态的第二代镍基单晶合金DD11的显微组织进行定量表征,并测试了不同一级时效处理后的合金1 100℃/140MPa和980℃/250MPa条件下的持久性能。结果表明:合金经过1 320℃/6h固溶处理后,(γ+γ′)共晶相全部溶解,凝固偏析显著降低,合金组织均匀。一级时效温度低于1 160℃时,γ′相为方形,一级时效温度高于1 180℃时,γ′相为球形,γ通道显著变宽,并在通道内析出细小的γ′相。随一级时效温度提高,合金的持久寿命先增大后降低。持久性能与γ′相尺寸、体积分数及形态密切相关。     

半固态Al-Cu-Mn合金锻件的热处理工艺与组织

利用正交试验法,对Al-Cu-Mn合金半固态锻压件进行了固溶时效热处理.通过对硬度指标的分析,获得了热处理的最佳工艺参数.同时分析了时效后的显微组织.结果表明,Al-Cu-Mn合金半固态锻压件在固溶温度540℃、固溶时间13 h、时效温度165℃、时效时间8 h下,其维氏硬度值可达130 MPa以上;且析出相均匀、弥散地分布在基体上.     

5A90铝锂合金显微组织及力学性能的研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及高分辨透射电镜等手段研究了5A90铝锂合金轧板经热处理后的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明:5A90合金轧板组织呈明显的各向异性,合金板材轧制平面的晶粒呈等轴状,纵截面和横截面均为轧制流线组织,有少量细小的再结晶晶粒；合金经460℃/20 min固溶处理后,在130℃时效过程中,随着时效时间的延长...     

喷射成形超高强度Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的固溶处理

研究了单级固溶和双级固溶热处理工艺对喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金力学性能的影响.应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜对显微组织和第二相颗粒的固溶及沉淀析出状况做了进一步的研究.结果表明:双级固溶时效和单级固溶时效处理制度相比,前者得到的组织和力学性能较为理想;双级固溶处理综合了低温单级固溶和高温单级固溶的优点,即再结晶晶粒尺寸较小,同时回溶颗粒较多.时效后的组织也较理想.采用双级固溶处理(450℃/3h 480℃/3h)和T6时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到806MPa和797MPa,延伸率达到7.5%.     

热处理对 Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金性能和组织的影响

利用硬度计、导电仪和金相电子显微镜,分析了固溶和时效对 Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金性能和组织的影响。研究结果表明：Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金经950℃×1 h 固溶、480℃×4 h 时效处理后,综合性能指标较好,其中,硬度可达117．0HB,导电率达71．6％IACS;在试验范围内,随着固溶温度的升高,晶粒结构形貌相似,未溶物逐渐减少,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;950℃时,晶粒呈等轴状,大小均匀,固溶较完全;时效后,试验合金内部保留着较清晰的应变孪晶,强化相在晶界处不连续析出、集聚而产生黑色组织,且黑色组织数量随着时效时间的延长不断增多。     

热处理工艺对6061铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

选取固溶温度为420、450、490、530、570℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,时效时间为1、2、3、4、56、h,对6061铝合金进行固溶时效处理.采用MEF-3金相显微镜进行组织观察、EMPA-1600电子探针进行成分分析、布洛维硬度测试仪进行硬度检测,分析固溶时效对其显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:固溶温度和时效时间对6061铝合金的显微组织、力学性能有一定的影响,固溶时效后可以获得大量均匀的Mg2Si强化相,且在固溶温度为530℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,保温3 h时获得较高的综合力学性能.     

固溶处理对镍-铬-钼合金力学性能的影响及断口分析

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法研究了热压成形镍-铬-钼合金固溶前后的金相组织、相的组成、断口形貌,以及固溶处理对合金力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:经1250 ℃/4 h固溶处理后的合金全为Ni的固溶体,而未经固溶处理和经1200 ℃/4 h固溶处理的合金除了含有Ni的固溶体外,还有单质Mo和一些金属间化合物;未经固溶处理的合金呈脆性断裂,拉伸强度要比固溶后合金的强度低,而固溶后合金呈延性断裂.经 1250℃/4 h和1200 ℃/4 h固溶处理后合金显示出以韧窝为主的断口形貌,与合金的延性断裂力学性能测试结果一致,而未经固溶处理的合金呈现以解理为主的断口形貌,与合金的脆性断裂力学性能测试结果一致.固溶处理前合金的硬度要比处理后的合金硬度高.     

时效工艺对Cu-Ag-Zr合金电磨损性能的影响

对Cu-0．1Ag-0．18Zr合金时效后的电导率、显微硬度以及电滑动磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：该合金940℃固溶1h后，在560℃时效可获得较高的电导率，在480℃时效可获得较高的显微硬度。时效前冷变形能大大加快第二相的析出过程，使合金综合性能显著提高。该合金经940℃固溶再经60％变形后，在480℃时效1h，其电导率和显微硬度分别可达85．6％IACS和HV131．2，而固溶后直接时效为81．3％IACS和HV116．1。在载流条件下，合金的磨损量随加载电流的增加而增大；磨损机制是以电蚀为主的电蚀、犁削和磨粒磨损。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with