钢包在线底吹氩及夹杂去除的物理模拟研究

采用物理模拟的方法,研究钢包在线底吹氩时,钢包内钢液量、渣层厚度、底吹气体流量等参数对钢包顶部钢液裸露面积的影响,以及钢包在线底吹氩工艺对钢液中夹杂去除率的影响。结果表明,钢包临界卷渣底吹气体流量随着浇铸的进行而逐渐减小;在钢液量相同时,钢包顶部钢液裸露面积随着底吹气体流量的增加而逐渐增大;在底吹气体流量相同时,钢包顶部钢液裸露面积随着钢液液面高度的下降而逐渐减小;渣层越厚,钢液裸露面积越小;在底吹气体流量较小时,透气砖无堵塞与堵塞50%时造成的钢液裸露面积大小相近,但随着底吹气体流量的增加,透气砖堵塞50%时较无堵塞时造成的钢液裸露面积大;钢包在线底吹氩可以提高钢液中夹杂物的去除率。     

37Mn5连铸圆坯凝固过程数学模拟

为控制油井管用连铸圆坯质量,基于薄片移动法建立了连铸圆坯凝固传热数学模型,并应用ProCAST软件对37Mn5钢Φ150mm连铸圆坯凝固过程进行了数学模拟,铸坯表面温度模型预测结果与工业试验测温结果相一致.模拟结果表明,在过热度为(20±5)℃,拉速为2.5m.min-1条件下,可以控制结晶器出口坯壳厚度、铸坯液芯长度和铸坯表面温度在合适的范围内,有利于防止铸坯表面裂纹和内部裂纹等缺陷的产生和保证浇铸安全,并实现较高的生产率.     

冻融循环作用下煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖的损伤性能

大宗工业固废建材化利用是工业可持续发展的一项长远战略方针,利用煤矸石、铁尾矿生产烧结砖可为内蒙古地区大宗工业固废综合利用提供新思路。针对内蒙古地区自然环境特征,对煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖标准试件进行冻融循环试验,分析冻融前后煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖外观、质量、抗压强度、吸水率和体积密度变化情况;基于Wiener过程对试样损伤规律进行分析,以相对质量损伤为指标建立可靠度模型,并对指标选取合理性进行验证,计算漂移系数和扩散系数求解冻融循环作用后煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖可靠度函数曲线;利用冻融寿命预测模型对室内外冻融循环次数进行转化,并对冻融循环作用后煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔在不同阈值条件进行寿命预测。结果表明：煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖标准试件抗压强度为10.6MPa,吸水率为13.3%,体积密度为1779.7kg/m₃^;煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖性能随冻融循环次数增加劣化程度加深,其质量、抗压强度、吸水率和体积密度损伤度分别为7.1%、38%、18%和3.6%,同时冻融循环后砖体表面出现隆起、微裂缝和轻微剥落现象;对可靠度函数曲线分析可知煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖损伤符合材料破坏特点,在阈值为0.2,0.3,0.4条件下,煤矸石-铁尾矿烧结多孔砖耐久性寿命分别为11.1年,35.4年,85.6年。     

板坯连铸结晶器吹氩对铸坯卷渣的影响

板坯连铸结晶器浸入式水口吹氩使结晶器流场发生改变,引起液面波动,造成铸坯卷渣.为了的这一问题,采用大样电解方法结合扫描电镜技术,研究了板坯连铸结晶器浸入式水口不同吹氩量和吹氩分配方式对铸坯夹杂物的数量和类型的影响,提出了减少卷渣的合理结晶器吹氩量和吹氩分配方式,得出了卷渣占结晶器夹杂物的比例超过半数的结论.分析表明合理的吹氩参数对减少结晶器卷渣有着重要的意义.     

小流量磨料射流切割性能的试验研究

在非淹没条件下,前混合磨料射流切割所用的圆形喷嘴直径多在1．3mm以上,磨料消耗量大,射流功率大,不能满足生产所要求的小型化、高压力、小流量的发展方向,为了前混合磨料射流的快速发展,提倡采用直径较小的圆形喷嘴。对φ0．65mm和φ1．38mm普通圆形喷嘴所产生的射流进行了对比试验研究,得出了这两个圆形喷嘴在非淹没条件下切割铝板所产生的射流运动规律。实验结果表明：在非淹没和其他条件相同的情况下,φ0．65mm圆喷嘴射流比φ1．38mm圆喷嘴射流的移动速度减慢了大约20％,但切割比能耗降低了大约57％。     

Groundbreaking gas source rock correlation research based on the application of a new experimental approach for adsorbed gas

Many years of experimentation have led to the development and improvement of equipment and methods used to make gas source rock correlations.By crushing samples using a ball mill and directly collecting adsorbed gases in the absence of aqueous media under high vacuum conditions,most possible interference factors,such as atmospheric pollution,crushing-induced pyrolysis,and gas collection by aqueous media are eliminated.This greatly enhances the volume percentage of hydrocarbon gas in the acquired adsorbed gases,with maxima up to more than 80%.The actual measurement of carbon isotopic series can be carried out to such an extent as to be δ13C1-δ13C5.A preliminary study using newly established equipment and methods has indicated the following.(1) The carbon isotopic composition of ethane in adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon source rocks can be used to distinguish the types of source rocks.This is consistent with results obtained by using organic geochemical parameters for source rocks,and illustrates that it is highly feasible to use the carbon isotopic composition of ethane in natural gases as a parameter for distinguishing the types of source rocks.(2) The thermal evolution degree(Ro) of hydrocarbon-source rocks calculated in terms of the carbon isotopic composition of methane in adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon source rocks agrees well with the vitrinite reflectance actually measured in the source rocks.This confirms the reliability of the relationship between the carbon isotopic composition of methane in natural gases and the thermal evolution degree determined using statistics.(3) Finally,a direct gas source correlation method for natural gases has been established,and the expression of log Ro vs.δ13C1 established in terms of actually measured δ13C1 values of methane in absorbed gases.Ro values of hydrocarbon source rocks have been established as well,thus creating favorable conditions for precise oil-and-gas source correlations in exploration areas.     

圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数优化试验研究

结合某一圆坯连铸结晶器,开展了优化电磁搅拌工艺参数的试验研究,对电磁搅拌电流和频率这两个主要的工艺参数进行了优化.通过研究发现:工作电流和工作频率下连铸坯存在不同的质量问题,2.0级的皮下气泡、1.0级的缩孔及1.5级的中心疏松缺陷的分布比例均为14.28%;搅拌电流由280 A增大到300 A后,铸坯中心区等轴晶率提高约16%,且300 A时等轴晶率趋于饱和;搅拌电流由300 A增大到320 A时,铸坯质量变差.通过试验研究后,给出了优化的电磁搅拌工艺参数.     

Generation of Linear and Parabolic Concentration Gradients by Using a Christmas Tree-Shaped Microfluidic Network

This paper describes a simple method of generating concentration gradients with linear and parabolic profiles by using a Christmas tree-shaped microfluidic network.The microfluidic gradient generator consists of two parts:a Christmas tree-shaped network for gradient generation and a broad microchannel for detection.A two-dimensional model was built to analyze the flow field and the mass transfer in the microfluidic network.The simulating results show that a series of linear and parabolic gradient profiles were generated via adjusting relative flow rate ratios of the two source solutions(R_L~2≥0.995 and _PR~2≥0.999),which could match well with the experimental results(R_L~2≥0.987 and _PR~2≥0.996).The proposed method is promising for the generation of linear and parabolic concentration gradient profiles,with the potential in chemical and biological applications such as combinatorial chemistry synthesis,stem cell differentiation or cytotoxicity assays.     

射孔完井水平井筒变质量湍流压降规律研究

运用拟三维原理 ,提出了用于计算地层刚性渗流、弹性不稳定渗流与水平井筒内变质量湍流耦合的新方法 ,解决了在井筒变质量流体流动模拟过程中井筒边界条件难以确定、地层线性渗流与井筒内非线性湍流难以耦合的问题。同时 ,对不同射孔方式和生产制度下流体水动力学进行了分析 ,研究了射孔入流与水平井筒内流体的相互作用关系及变质量主流体的流动特性。模拟结果表明 ,与圆管湍流相比 ,井筒内变质量流具有更大的压降系数 ,且主流中心速度降低 ,速度剖面呈现内凹形式 ,水平井射孔设计应该利用井筒内流体与渗流的耦合模拟进行优化。     

Rationalizing the isolation distance needed for field trials involving genetically modified rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in China

The isolation distance required for field trials of genetically modified (GM) rapeseed varies widely worldwide, with a 50-400 m distance in most nations contrasting with a minimum 1000-m isolation distance in China. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relevance of current regulations in China regarding the isolation distance needed for GM rapeseed trials. A pollen flow experiment was conducted based on the design of concentric circles, with the GM plants in a 20-m diameter circle at the centre, surrounded by non-GM plants to a distance 60 m from the perimeter of the circle containing GM plants. The rate of pollen flow was the highest at the isolation distance of 0.5 m, where it ranged from 2.3091% to 2.6711%. The general pattern of the pollen flow rate (y) with distance (x) was well described by the equation y = 1.3936x-0.9136 (R 2 = 0.9950). The long-distance pollen flow tested at the isolation distance of 800 m was 0.0018%, which agrees with the theoretical prediction. The results suggested that 300 m, rather than 1000 m, is a reasonable distance to ensure a tolerable threshold of pollen flow (less than 0.01%) under conditions of winter rapeseed production in China.     

电磁出钢装置中座砖内温度分布的分析

针对钢包电磁引流技术中,钢包不是固定装置,现场流动性比较强,无法对感应线圈进行连续冷却这一技术难点.提出了将座砖做成内外组合式,把感应线圈镶嵌到内部座砖里,然后在线圈的顶端和内侧添加高温隔热材料,来减少热量向线圈传递,防止没有水冷时线圈因温度过高而失去工作能力.在实验室条件下,对座砖内温度分布进行了测试,并以此为不同材质的隔热板隔热性能的高温实验做出指导,结果表明:通过添加40mm厚蛭石隔热板后,当高温面温度达到1 000℃,而低温面温度为294℃,低于铜的再结晶温度,线圈处于能够工作温度范围内.     

钢包吹氩精炼过程钢水流动与混合行为的研究

结合鞍钢180t钢包吹氩搅拌装置的设备工艺条件，采用数学模型方法预报了吹氩搅拌过程中钢水循环流动和混合等冶金行为，分别探讨了吹氩方式和氩气流量对钢水循环流量和混匀时间的影响。     

A new estimate of global soil respiration from 1970 to 2008

Soil respiration(Rs)is one of the key processes that underline our understanding of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems.Great uncertainty remains in the previous global Rs estimates with a difference of 70 Pg C a 1between the highest and lowest estimates.Thus,the present study aimed to estimate the global annual Rs and investigate the interannual and spatial variability in global annual Rs using a semi-mechanistic,empirically-based model which included climatic factors(temperature and precipitation)and topsoil(0–20 cm)organic carbon storage.About 657 published studies of annual Rs from 147 measurement sites were included in this meta-analysis.The global data sets from 1970 to 2008 on climate,surface air temperature,and soil properties were collected.The Monte Carlo method was used to propagate the simulation errors to global Rs.The results indicated that the mean annual global Rs was 94.4 Pg C a 1,increasing at roughly 0.04 Pg C a 1(~0.04%a 1)from 1970 to 2008.The Rs rate increased from colder,drier and less soil carbon-rich regions to warmer,moister and more carbon-rich regions.Highest Rs rates appeared in the tropical forest,while the lowest ones were in polar and desert regions.The annual Rs correlated directly with global temperature anomalies,suggesting that the interannual variability in temperature was responsible for the interannual variations in predicted global Rs.The global Rs increased from high-latitude zones to low-latitude zones.Further studies are recommended to explore the relationship between soil respiration and vegetation characters.     

城垛形喷口圆湍射流拟序结构的流动显示

用流动显示的方法研究了城垛形喷口对圆湍射流拟序结构的影响。实验中喷口流动Reynolds数为5000,Strouhal数为0.50。实验结果表明:城垛形喷口能够影响圆湍射流中大涡结构的产生和演化,进而控制湍射流。无动态激励时,该喷口对射流中拟序结构的影响与垛口数目和垛口高度有关。有动态激励时,城垛形喷口和声波扰动一起,在促进大涡结构的产生和演化方面,总是相互加强的。因此,城垛形喷口是控制圆湍射流拟序结构的一个有效途径。     

Improved differential attack on 30-round SIMON64

In this paper we present an attack on 30-round SIMON64, which improves the best results on SIMON64 by 1 round. We use a 23-round differential characteristic which was proposed by Itai et al in 2015 to construct a 30-round extended differential characteristized by adding 4 rounds on the top and 3 round on the bottom. Furthermore, we utilize all of the sufficient bit-conditions of the 30-round differential to compute a set of corresponding subkeys. Then we distribute the plaintext pairs over the 2⁸⁶ lists corresponding to the 86-bit subkeys. If a list contains two or more pairs, we regard the subkeys corresponding to the list as candidate subkeys. The time complexity of our attack on 30-round SIMON64/96 (SIMON64/128) is 2^86.2 (2^118.2) with a success probability of 0.61, while the data complexity and the memory complexity are 2^63.3 and 2⁹⁰ bytes, respectively.     

侧底复吹RH精炼装置内的钢液流场及循环流量

采用数值模拟方法考察了钢包底吹位置对侧底复吹RH装置内流体流动及循环流量的影响.计算结果表明:在钢包底吹条件下,当底吹位置和钢包中心连线与浸渍管中心连线夹角一定时,随着底吹位置至钢包中心距离的增大,循环流量先增大后减小;当底吹位置至钢包中心距离一定时,循环流量随夹角的增大而减小;与现有RH吹氩方式相比,当采用侧底复吹且钢包底吹气量保持在200 L/min时,循环流量可提高25%以上;当关闭上升管侧吹且仅采取钢包底吹时,与现有RH吹氩方式相比,循环流量可提高60%~100%.     

透气砖对底吹中间包钢液流动特性影响的水力学模拟

采用不同性能参数的多孔透气砖进行中间包底部吹气水模实验，研究透气砖的气孔率、透气度、平均孔径对所形成的气泡大小和能形成有效气幕所需条件的影响，并分析使用不同透气砖时的RTD曲线，对使用不同透气砖时的吹气参数进行了优化。研究结果表明，透气砖的气孔率、透气度越小，形成的气泡越小，能形成有效气幕所要求的吹气量越大。采用中间包底部吹气技术，当控制的吹气参数合理时，可以有效地延长钢液的平均停留时间，降低死区体积；在中间包底部同一位置吹气时，气体通过的透气砖不同，要求的吹气参数不同。     

Separation of four -lol drugs by HPLC with new bonded chiral stationary column

Separation of betaxolol, bevantolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol with new bonded chiral stationary (3,5-dimethylcabamate cellulose) Chiralpak IB column was investigated. The factors, such as mobile phase composition and the ratio, column temperature, flow rate and the proportion of chiral additives, were also investigated. The optimal mobile phase compositions of betaxolol, bevantolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol were n-hexane/ethanol (95/5, v/v; 0.2% DEA); n-hexane/ethanol (90/10, v/v; 0.1% DEA); hexane/ethanol (60/40, v/v; 0.1% DEA); n-hexane/ethanol (95/5, v/v; 0.2% DEA), respectively. The optimal temperature was 30℃ with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 . The detection wavelength, by 1200VWD UV detector, of betaxolol, bevantolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol was 259, 274, 224 and 223 nm, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that baseline separation (Rs>1.5) of the betaxolol, bevantolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol enantiomers were obtained with new bonded Chiralpak IB column. This method can be used for analysis and detection of these four drugs.     

喷雾对人工海水雾化室气粒两相流场的影响

进气滤清器在燃气轮机中有着极其重要的位置，而喷雾条件又影响着其设计可靠性．因此，为燃气轮机进气滤清器研究和设计实验条件建设实际需求而设计某种形式的人工海水雾化室，并针对结构优化后的雾化室进行数值模拟．由于喷嘴可变参数的数目比较多，现只局限于研究喷嘴数量、喷雾角对燃气轮机盐雾滤清器气粒两相流进气流场均匀性的影响，为优化人工海水雾化室结构提供理论依据．     

Electrochemical properties of LaFeO3-rGO composite

LaFeO_3-xwt% r GO composite(x = 8, 10, 12) was synthesized by ultraphonic stirring and lyophilization method.SEM, TEM and XRD results show that the perovskite-type LaFeO_3 was dispersed by rGO to form special porous structure due to the gauze-shaped wrinkles and folds structure of rGO. It was found that the special porous structure can effectively increase the specific surface area and suppress particle aggregation of LaFeO_3, thus improving the electrical conductivity and appreciably enhancing the electrochemical properties of LaFeO_3. As compared with LaFeO_3, the maximum discharge capacity of the composite(x=10) increased from 209.5 mAhg~(–1) to 334.6 mAhg~(–1).The High rate dischargeability at a discharge current density of 1500 mAg~(–1)(HRD1500) and the capacity retention rate after 100 charge/discharge cycles(S100) of the composite increased by 9% and 17%, respectively.