Progress of Si-based nanocrystalline luminescent materials

Si-based nanomaterials are some new photoelctronic and informational materials developed rapidly in recent years, and they have potential applications in the light emitting devices, e. g. Si light emitting diode, Si laser and integrated Si-based photoelectronics. Among them are nanoscale porous silicon (ps), Si nanocrystalline embedded SiO₂ (SiO_x, x < 2.0) matrices, Si nanoquantum dot and Si/SiO₂ superlattice, etc. At present, there are various indications that if these materials can achieve efficient and stable luminescence, which are photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL), it is possible for them to lead to a new informational revolution in the early days of the 21st century. In this article, we will mainly review the progress of study on Si-based nanomaterials in the past ten years. The involved contents are the fabricated methods, structural characterizations and light emitting properties. Finally, we predicate the developed tendency of this field in the following ten years.     

Promising psyllium-based composite containing TiO2 nanoparticles as aspirin-carrier matrix

Composite nanomaterials represent a new trend in the biomedical field. Coupling inorganic/organic constituents with non-toxicity/biocompatibility properties leads to develop the new systems having special characteristics that can be used in various bio-applications. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of psyllium-based composites containing TiO2 nanoparticles in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for aspirin drug delivery. The structural characteristics of obtained materials were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The UV–vis spectrophotometric analysis was performed to evaluate the aspirin release behavior under different pH conditions at 37 1C. Combining psyllium(as an excellent source of fiber) with TiO2 inorganic unit(as vehicle of aspirin) it was found that polymeric-TiO2networks have promising potential for controlled aspirin release as therapeutic agent.     

Composite polymer electrolyte membranes supported by non-woven fabrics for lithium-ion polymer batteries

Since marketing in 1999, lithium-ion polymer batteryhas attracted great attention with its various merits such aslight weight, high energy density and good safety. Poly-mer electrolyte membrane, the key material for lith-ium-ion polymer battery, greatly influences the electro-chemical performances, and it is always among the fo-cuses of the lithium-ion polymer battery research field toprepare polymer gel electrolyte membranes of high ionicconductivity and good electrochemical stability[1]. …     

Improved ethanol, acetone and H2 sensing performances of micro-sensors based on loose ZnO nanofibers

Both one-dimensional nanostructures and porous nanostructures are benefit to the sensing enhancement of semiconducting functional materials.The present paper shows an effective route to combining the advantages of these two nanostructures for a novel type of ZnO nanomaterials.Basically,a pore-forming material is employed in an electrospinning method,and the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The obtained materials are loose ZnO nanofibers,which own both porous and one-dimensional nanostructures.Micro-sensors are fabricated by sputtering and etching techniques,and the as-prepared nanofibers are used as the functional materials in them.The sensors show improved sensing properties both in sensitivity and response-speeds.The sensitivity is enhanced from 4 to 8 and the response time is shortened from 14 to 10 s when the sensors are exposed to 100 μL/L ethanol at 260℃.Similar results are also observed in acetone and H2 sensing tests.These enhancements are based on the one-dimensional and porous nanostructures of the nanofibers.     

银掺杂多孔氧化钛光催化甲基橙降解反应条件的探究

利用溶胶-凝胶法结合光还原法制备Ag掺杂多孔TiO_2光催化剂,以甲基橙的降解效果为评价标准,考查了光照降解时间、光催化剂用量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、溶液pH值对光催化剂催化降解甲基橙的影响。结果表明,本方法制备的光催化剂无论是在紫外光还是可见光下均具有优良的光催化性能:在浓度为10 mg/L的甲基橙溶液中,4 g/L光催化剂,紫外光照射80 min,甲基橙可实现100%完全降解;相同催化条件下,可见光照100 min,甲基橙完全降解;当反应溶液pH=2时,紫外光和可见光都可在20 min内实现甲基橙的完全降解。     

A kinetic model for describing effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 on the reactivity of eggshell activated carbon supported TiO2 photocatalyst

The porous support supported TiO2 is considered to be the promising photocatalyst due to the fact that it is easily recovered from water and has high capacity to mineralize pollutants. Obviously, the expected structure of this kind of photocatalyst is egg-shell, that is, TiO2 is mainly on the external surface of the porous support. The reactivity of the supported photocatalyst strongly depends on the concentration of TiO2 on the external surface of the porous support. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to describe the effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 （CESC） on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon （AC） supported TiO2 photocatalysts. It was found that the obtained model precisely described the effect of CESC, on the reactivity of TiO2/AC photocatalysts. This study can be used to deeply understand the performance of TiO2/AC catalysts and to provide valuable information on designing efficient supported TiO2 photocatalysts.     

TiO2光催化降解印染废水的研究

研究了实际印染废水的TiO     

A review of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles

Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing humankind.Because of this,photocatalysis research has been rapidly expanding.TiO2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of H2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO2,compares TiO2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO2 nanoparticles.TiO2 is considered close to an ideal semi- conductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs.In this review article,various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO2 including dye sensitization,doping,coupling and capping are discussed.Environmental and energy applications of TiO2, including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater,pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized.     

TiO2多孔性薄膜的制备及其环境净化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺，以聚乙二醇（PEG）为造孔剂，不锈钢丝网为金属基底，制备了TiO₂多孔性薄膜。通过IR，SEM，BET，Raman光谱等测试方法对TiO₂多孔性薄膜进行了表征。实验结果表明,通过控制制备条件得到的TiO₂薄膜具有锐钛矿晶型和多孔性结构。TiO₂多孔性薄膜的光催化性能与煅烧温度和镀膜次数密切相关。450℃热处理、镀膜4次的TiO₂多孔性薄膜具有较高的活性和稳定性，其对气相甲醛的降解率比普通TiO₂薄膜高28.8%，在TiO₂多孔性薄膜连续使用4次后，甲醛的降解率仍维持在80%以上。     

TiO_2含量对低镁含锰渣的流动性和热力学性质的影响

为探究钛矿护炉和锰矿洗炉条件下TiO_2对炉渣流动性和热力学性质的影响机理,本文通过黏度实验和FactSage热力学软件计算,分析了不同TiO_2含量低镁含锰渣的黏度和熔化温度、热焓及活度等热力学性质变化。结果表明,随着TiO_2含量的增加,炉渣黏度、熔化性温度和完全熔化温度降低,炉渣的流动性和热稳定性改善。炉渣热焓和液相中的TiO_2活度随TiO_2含量的增加而增大,而热焓的增大将增加高炉的热量消耗和燃料比。在冷却结晶过程中,TiO_2含量的增加有利于增大钙长石、钙钛矿和橄榄石等物相的析出量,而黄长石和硅灰石的析出量则随TiO_2含量的增加而降低。     

微波辐射下乙酸异戊酯合成条件研究

在微波辐射下，以SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂合成乙酸异戊酯。最佳反应条件是：乙酸和异戊醇的摩尔比为1：2．0，催化剂用量为1．5g。微波输出功率为729W，反应时间为12min。在此反应条件下，乙酸的酯化率为94．7％，产品收率为89．7％。     

Zr 掺杂对锐钛矿型TiO2 电子结构和光学性质的影响

本文采用密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法研究了Zr 掺杂对锐钛矿型TiO₂ 电子结构和光学性质的影响, 计算了Zr 掺杂前后锐钛矿型TiO₂ 的电子态密度分布、能带结构、光吸收系数等性质, 定性地分析了掺杂前后电子结构和光学性质的变化. 研究结果表明: Zr 掺杂锐钛矿型TiO₂, 导致带隙减小, 掺杂后在360~400nm 附近的光吸收系数增大, TiO₂ 的吸收带产生红移, 增强了TiO₂ 的光催化活性, 理论与实验结果 一致.     

碳纳米管/纳米 TiO2-聚苯胺复合膜电极的电化学制备及表征

在含有0.2 mol/L苯胺的0.5 mol/L　H₂SO₄溶液中, 采用循环伏安法(CV), 以扫描速度50 mV/s, 扫描电位-0.1~0.9 V,在碳纳米管/纳米TiO₂(CNT/nanoTiO₂)膜电极上实现了苯胺的电化学聚合, 用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和CV法对制备的碳纳米管/纳米TiO₂聚苯胺(CNT/nanoTiO₂ PAn)复合膜电极的电化学性质进行了表征, 从扫描电镜对膜层的微观形貌观察发现, 这种在纳米基体上聚合得到的聚苯胺膜层呈疏松、 多孔的纳米纤维网状结构, 同时具有良好的导电性, 不同于在普通金属基体上聚合得到的颗粒状聚苯胺膜.     

Comparison of the effect of hydrogen incorporation and oxygen vacancies on the properties of anatase TiO2: electronics,optical absorption,and interaction with water

Hydrogenation has been recently developed as an approach to improve the visible-light response of titanium dioxide （TiO2）; however, the effect of hydrogenation on the electronics and optical absorption of anatase TiO2 has been widely debated. In this work, the electronic structures and optical properties of hydrogenated TiO2 and its interaction with water have been studied using the density functional theory plus Hubbard model. A comparison of the effect of hydrogenation and introduction of oxygen vacancies （OVs） to TiO2 is presented. It is found that both hydrogenation and OVs can promote the absorption of visible light and strengthen the adsorption of water. Compared with OVs, hydrogen incorporation can lead to local distortion and even amorphous structures when it is heavily doped.     

Optimization of polymer electrolytes for quasi-solidstate dye-sensitized solar cells

The dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin filmsolar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much attention since1990s[1— , due to their high light to electrical energy 4]conversion efficiency. So far, many studies have beenmade on the use of liquid electrolytes such as acetonitrile,3-methoxypropionitrile and a mixture of ethylene/pro-pylene carbonate (EC/PC) containing I? /I3 redox cou-?ple. A light to electrical energy conversion efficiency of7%— 12% has been obtained for DSSC using liquid e…     

Preparation and photo-catalytic activity of TiO2-coated medical stone-based porous ceramics

Medical stone-based porous ceramics as a carrier were prepared by ultra-fine grinding and low-temperature sintering method. Nano-TiO₂ thin films were loaded on the carrier by chemical liquid deposition method using titanium tetrachloride as a precursor. The micro-morphology and microstructure of the synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, and mercury injection method. The photo-catalytic activity of the TiO₂ thin films was investigated by degrading formaldehyde. The main crystalline phase in the TiO₂ thin films calcined at 550°C is anatase with the average particle size about 10 nm. The specific surface area of the carrier-coated nano-TiO₂ increases from 3.68 to 5.32 m²/g. The formaldehyde removal rate of the TiO₂/medical stone-based porous ceramics irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp for 120 min reaches 85.6%.     

The abnormal sensitivity and its mechanism of （Ba, Pb）TiO3 semiconductor ceramics

The resistance-temperature properties of porous (Ba, Pb)TiO3 semiconductor ceramic were systematically studied. It was found that the resistance of (Ba, Pb)TiO3 ceramic having been placed in the air for a long time was abnormally increased with the increase of the temperature from the room temperature to 70℃ prior to the Curie point. Further research showed that this abnormal resistance-temperature property was linked to its humidity sensitivity. When the relative humidity changed from 11% to 93%, the resistance of (Ba, Pb)TiO3 ceramic decreased three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the humidity-resistance was approximately linear in single logarithm coordinate. According to the surface adsorption, grain-boundary potential barrier and ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transformation, the specific sensitive mechanism of (Ba, Pb)TiO3 ceramic was analyzed qualitatively.     

Environmentally-friendly harvesting TiO2 nanospheres and V2O5 microrods from spent selective catalytic reduction catalysts

Spent selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalysts are defined as hazardous wastes because of the toxicity of V₂O₅ to the ecological environment. Recycling of V₂O₅ and TiO₂ from the spent SCR catalysts has strikingly social and environmental benefits as well as economic values. In this work, a “NaOH + Na₂CO₃” system was employed to recycle 99.2% of anatase/rutile TiO₂ nanospheres with a nanospherical morpholo...     

TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂制备工艺参数优化及其表征

先以无机钛盐、硅酸盐为原料制取聚合硅酸硫酸钛,再通过液相水解法制得TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂,并用SEM、XRD、BET和甲基橙脱色率对复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂制备优化工艺参数为:Ti(SO4)2作钛源、Ti/Si摩尔比为12∶1、水解反应pH值为6、煅烧温度为650℃,以此条件制备的复合光催化剂对甲基橙脱色率可达98.6%以上;TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂为一种分散均匀的纳米级球形颗粒,其成分为以锐钛矿为主的TiO2,SiO2的复合有效抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长,同时提高了TiO2的热稳定性。     

Photocatalytic and electrochemical degradation of methylene blue by titanium dioxide

A photoanode structure for dye-sensitized solar cells has been applied into the photocatalytic/electro- chemical cooperative degradation of methylene blue solu- tions. The low eutectic point of titanium dioxide （TiO2） with a fluorine-doped tin dioxide （FTO） conductive layer results in a high reactivity of TiO2 for the photocatalytic process as well as a good electron transfer for the elec- trochemical process. The porous TiO2 layer maintains a large surface area for the degradations. Through the com- binational process, the degradation velocity was improved by - 36 %, compared to a pure photocatalytic process.