超细辅助胶凝材料对透水混凝土性能的影响

透水混凝土被认为是海绵城市建设中管理雨水最佳的路面材料之一,强度和透水性是透水混凝土设计时考虑的两个重要参数,为了平衡透水混凝土强度与透水性能之间关系,本文通过力学和透水试验,研究了四种超细辅助胶凝材料(硅粉、矿粉、乳胶粉、粉煤灰)和四个掺量(5%、7%、9%、11%)对透水混凝土力学性能和透水性能的影响规律。结果表明：掺超细辅助胶凝材料均能提高透水混凝土的抗压、弯拉强度,当硅粉掺量为9%时,透水混凝土28天抗压强度超过35 MPa。透水混凝土的孔隙率和透水率随着超细辅助胶凝材料掺量的增加而降低,当孔隙率控制在18%~19%范围内,可实现透水率和强度的良好平衡。孔隙率与透水率之间呈现指数正相关,与抗压强度和弯拉强度呈现指数负相关,提出了基于孔隙率的透水混凝土力学性能和透水性能评估方程。建立了透水混凝土抗压强度与弯拉强度之间的非线性关系方程,实现了对透水混凝土弯拉强度的预测,通过预测值和实测结果对比验证了方程的可靠性。     

CVI-RMI法制备C/SiC复合材料的微观结构与弯曲性能

以T700炭纤维准三维编织针刺整体毡为预制体,在炭纤维表面CVI预沉积热解炭涂层,利用化学气相渗透-反应熔体浸渗法(CVI-RMI)制备C/SiC复合材料,观察材料的微观形貌,并探讨界面对弯曲性能的影响。研究结果表明:利用CVI-RMI联合工艺制备的C/SiC复合材料致密度高,开孔率较小(10%),基体分布均匀;材料弯曲强度达133 MPa,呈逐层破坏机制,表现出良好的假塑性;热解炭涂层与CVI-SiC基体减少了RMI工艺过程对炭纤维的损伤,且热解炭涂层调节了炭纤维与基体之间的界面结合状况,有利于纤维的拔出。     

泡沫铝合金孔隙率对泡沫铝合金/聚甲醛互穿复合材料的影响

使用硅烷偶联剂KH570对孔隙率不同的泡沫铝合金进行表面改性后,通过注塑成型法制备了聚甲醛/泡沫铝合金互穿复合材料。研究了改性后泡沫铝合金表面的红外结构、泡沫铝合金/聚甲醛互穿复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能以及泡沫铝合金/聚甲醛互穿复合材料的磨损表面。研究结果表明,硅烷偶联剂KH570成功接枝到了泡沫铝合金的表面;复合材料的弯曲强度和压缩强度随着泡沫铝合金孔隙率的降低而升高;而复合材料的摩擦学性能随着泡沫铝合金孔隙率的增加而降低。     

Si3N4-Ti(C0.12N0.88)复合材料的制备与性能

在Si3N4基体中添加第二相粒子Ti(C0.12N0.88），研究Ti(C0.12N0.88）添加量对Si3N4-Ti(C0.12N0.88）复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，在Si3N4-Ti(C0.12N0.88）复合材料中，Ti(C0.12N0.88）在Si3N4基体中能够稳定存在，并能起到增韧初强的作用，添加适量的Ti(C0.12N0.88），Si3N4-Ti(C0.12N0.88）复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性都有不同程度的提高。     

碳纤维/玻璃纤维混编编织复合材料顶盖中横梁三点弯强度分析

根据二维三轴编织复合材料中碳纤维束和玻璃纤维束的空间几何特征,建立了碳纤维/玻璃纤维混编复合材料刚度预报模型;基于Tsai-Wu准则建立了该二维三轴编织复合材料的强度预报模型,提出了针对编织复合材料结构渐进失效分析的一般流程;设计了相应的材料试验,验证了理论模型的有效性;最后,对使用了该材料的顶盖中横梁进行了三点弯强度分析。结果表明横梁容易发生破坏的位置集中在接触位置和棱角上。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的金精矿品位的预测

在对金矿生产过程进行大量实际调研工作的基础上,分别采用BP神经网络和遗传算法优化BP神经网络的方法,建立了金精矿品位的预测模型,以现场采集的978组数据作为样本,运用噪声平滑技术进行数据预处理,筛选了770组数据,运用其中的650组数据建模,并运用其余的120组数据对模型进行了验证.通过对两个模型的预测误差分析,得出用遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(GA-BP)预测精度更高,当预测相对误差在±2%范围内时,模型的预测精度达到97.5%.     

基于多机场终端区交通态势的航班延误预测

为了针对性地制定后续优化措施,以降低多机场终端区内航班延误所带来的不利影响,并提高多机场系统内各机场的运营效率,进行多机场终端区航班延误的预测研究。首先,考虑多机场终端区交通态势对航班延误的影响,在对多机场终端区交通态势进行分析的基础上,建立了6个描述终端区交通态势的指标。接着,构建反向传播（back propagation,BP）神经网络航班延误预测模型,将终端区交通态势指标、航班信息和天气环境数据等作为输入,航班延误时间作为输出,并利用粒子群优化算法（particle swarm optimization,PSO）优化BP神经网络进行训练。通过实例验证和分析,基于多机场终端区交通态势的航班延误预测能够有效提高预测准确率,同时,通过粒子群优化BP神经网络的预测模型预测准确率均高于一般的考虑交通态势的BP和遗传算法优化的BP神经网络模型（genetic algorithm and back propagation,GA-BP）。     

防腐剂预处理玉米秸秆皮/HDPE复合材料 制备及其力学性能研究

将不同防腐剂处理后的玉米秸秆皮(CSF)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)塑料和其他添加剂共混,熔融复合后,采用挤出成型制备CSF/HDPE复合材料。考察了玉米秸秆皮添加量、防腐剂种类及其处理浓度对复合材料力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)对复合材料进行表征。结果表明:经氨溶铜季铵盐(ACQ)处理后,随ACQ浓度增加,复合材料力学性能逐渐降低; 玉米秸秆纤维质量分数为50%、ACQ质量分数为1%时,玉米秸秆皮/HDPE复合材料的力学性能最佳。经硼酸锌(ZB)处理后,随ZB浓度的增加,复合材料拉伸强度逐渐增强; 弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势; 玉米秸秆纤维质量分数为50%、ZB质量分数为2%时,CSF/HDPE复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

官能团化聚丙烯对Mg(OH)2/PP力学性能的影响

制备了加有官能团化聚丙烯 (FPP)、接枝单体和原位形成FPP改性Mg(OH) 2 /PP复合材料 ,研究了FPP、接枝单体和原位形成FPP对Mg(OH) 2 /PP复合材料力学性能的影响 ,实验结果表明 ,Mg(OH) 2 使PP力学性能明显降低 ,缺口冲击强度降低比弯曲、拉伸强度更加明显 ,但模量提高。FPP加入有利于复合材料弯曲、拉伸强度提高 ,而且Mg(OH) 2 用量越多 ,效果越明显。接枝单体加入也明显提高复合材料的力学性能 ,尤其高含量Mg(OH) 2 填充复合材料。虽然原位形成FPP改性复合材料的力学性能比仅加有接枝单体的低 ,但随接枝单体用量增加而提高。抗氧剂对原位形成FPP改性复合材料Mg(OH) 2 /PP力学性能影响不大。     

基于遗传算法-BP神经网络的径向式导叶多级泵水力性能优化

针对径向式导叶多级泵内部流动状态复杂多变而导致其水力性能曲线难以精确测量的技术难题,采用遗传算法(ge-netic algorithm,GA)迭代优化反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络的权值与阈值,构建了基于GA-BP神经网络的径向式导叶多级泵水力性能预测模型,以MD500-57型径向式导叶多级泵为研究对象,建立了输入层为13个神经元、隐含层为10个神经元、输出层为2个神经元的GA-BP神经网络,采用正交试验方法设计了试验参数的正交试验方案,运用数值模拟计算方法对正交试验方案进行求解,获得了试验参数的训练样本,并对神经网络进行训练与测试,计算了过流部件关键几何参数的最优组合方案.试验结果表明:优化后该多级泵在设计工况下扬程增加了2.4 m,效率提高了3.34％,且高效区范围变宽.     

基于砂岩组构分类评价的储层渗透率预测

依据以砂岩岩石学特征为基础的不同类型储层孔渗定量关系渗透率预测模型,对川西新场地区上沙溪庙组Js2气藏储层渗透率进行研究。结果表明:研究区储层砂岩以次生孔隙为主,孔渗相关性差,以孔隙度参数进行的储层评价结果与产出状况匹配性差;根据岩石成份、结构和储集空间发育情况对储层进行分类,建立不同类型储层的孔渗定量关系渗透率预测模型,可明显提高孔隙度和渗透率之间的相关性;根据不同类型储层与测井特征的匹配关系,可实现储层类型的测井判别;在提高孔隙度测井解释精度的基础上,利用测井解释孔隙度,分别用不同类型储层的孔渗定量关系渗透率预测模型计算渗透率,可提高渗透率求取精度,从而提高致密砂岩储层渗透率预测水平。     

颗粒形状对铝基复合材料力学行为影响的模拟

采用有限元分析的方法,用平面应变和轴对称两种单胞模型,分析了形状不同的SiC增强颗粒对经T6处理的铝基复合材料力学行为的影响.两种单胞模型的模拟结果均显示,对于颗粒是多边形状的铝基复合材料,随着颗粒边数的逐渐增大,颗粒的平均受力逐渐减小,复合材料的屈服强度也逐渐降低.平面应变单胞模型模拟的结果显示,三角形颗粒对于提高复合材料的屈服强度贡献最大;而用轴对称单胞模型模拟时,矩形颗粒对提高材料的屈服强度贡献最大.     

基于遗传神经网络的数字化渐进成形回弹预测

针对传统BP神经网络具有易陷入局部极小等缺陷,采用遗传算法(GA)对BP神经网络(初始权值、阈值)进行了优化,将人工智能技术和激光扫描测量技术有机结合,建立了金属板材数字化渐进成形回弹预测的遗传神经网络模型,对计算结果与BP神经网络预测结果进行比较,表明遗传神经网络预测值与实测值之间具有很高的相关性和精确度,该模型可用于预测渐进成形工艺参数与回弹量之间的映射关系,为金属板材数字化渐进成形回弹量的预测开辟了一条新的途径.     

Microst ructure andflexural properties of carbon/ca rbon composite with in-situ grown carbon nanotube as secondary reinforcement

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in-situ grown in carbon felts using ferric chloride as catalyst and natural gas as carbon precursor via thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TGCVI). Subsequently, the carbon felts were densified to obtain CNT reinforced carbon/carbon (C/C) composites in the same furnace. Effects of CNTs on the microstructure and flexural property of C/C composites were investigated by polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and universal mechanical testing machine. The results of PLM observation and Raman analysis showed that CNTs have two-sided effects on the microstructure of pyrocarbon: the pyrocarbons in the region without CNTs show medium texture; while, in the region full of CNTs, the microstructure was low-textured or even isotropic though the TGCVD conditions would lead to the deposition of pure low texture pyrocarbons. Analysis based on stress-strain curves demonstrated that the flexural strength increased first and then decreased with the CNT content increasing. When the CNT content was 5.23 wt%, the flexural strength was maximum and had a nearly 35% improvement compared with pure C/C composite. Besides, after adding CNTs, the flexural modulus of the composites decreased and the ductility increased obviously, indicating CNTs can toughen C/C composites.     

B_4C-ZrB_2-Al复合材料的真空熔渗法制备与性能分析

通过在B4C-ZrB2多孔预烧体中真空熔渗Al制备了B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料,研究了该复合材料的物相组成和力学性能.结果表明:ZrB2的生成量影响B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料的物相组成;随着ZrB2生成量的增加,复合材料的硬度先增大后降低,抗折强度和断裂韧性先降低后增大;延性Al的渗入是造成材料断裂韧性提高的主要原因.当ZrB2生成量为35%(质量分数)时,复合材料主要由B4C,ZrB2和Al组成,其气孔率、硬度HRA、抗折强度和断裂韧性分别为1.06%,82.2,521.5MPa和8.6MPa.m1/2.观察材料断口形貌可见较多的韧窝和金属撕裂棱,表明其断裂行为主要为沿晶和穿晶混合断...     

应用遗传算法和神经网络预测粮食总产量

摘要:通过对我国二十个省市粮食总产量的调查,分析影响粮食总产量的主要因素（农业机械总动力,有效灌溉面积,化肥施用量,农业从业人员）建立GA-BP神经网络模型,获得粮食总产量数学模型。同时,对此模型进行检测。在模型处理的过程中,应用遗传算法优化BP神经网络模型权值和阈值,获得优化后的网络模型,经过比较得出GA-BP神经网络模型在速度和精度上都高于BP神经网络的粮食总产量预测模型。     

SiCp/Al电子封装复合材料预成形坯的制备

在本实验中将SiC颗粒与粘结剂混合,温压制备成坯块,进行了热脱脂与预烧结,研究了热脱脂-预烧结后坯块的线性膨胀率、孔隙度、强度与工艺条件的关系,对预成形坯的显微组织形貌进行分析.结果表明,通过有效地控制成形、脱脂与烧结等工艺参数,能制备出具有适合强度和孔隙度的预成形坯.     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al2O3?(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocom-posites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al_2O_3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al_2O_3-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and(W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound Mo Ni also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

Preparation of WC/CoCrFeNiAl_(0.2) high-entropy-alloy composites by high-gravity combustion synthesis

The WC/CoCrFeNiAl_(0.2) high-entropy alloy(HEA) composites were prepared through high-gravity combustion synthesis. The preparation method is presented below. First, using a designed suitable multiphase thermite system, the molten CoCrFeNiAl_(0.2) HEA was fabricated using low-cost metal oxides. The molten HEA was subsequently infiltrated into the WC layer to fabricate WC/CoCrFeNiAl_(0.2) composites in a highgravity field. The porosity of the WC/CoCrFeNiAl_(0.2) composites was down-regulated, and their compressive yield strength was up-regulated when the high-gravity field was increased from 600 g to 1500 g because this infiltration process of a HEA melt into the WC layer is driven by centrifugal force. The WC particles in the composites exhibited a gradient distribution along the direction of the centrifugal force, which was attributed to the combined action of the high-gravity field and the temperature gradient field. The Vickers hardness of the sample was down-regulated from9.53 to 7.41 GPa along the direction of the centrifugal force.