铁基形状记忆合金及其记忆效应

论述了铁基形状记忆合金的研究进展和记忆效应,对六种铁基记忆合金的特性作了简介。提出了尚待解决的问题和对今后发展的看法。     

铜锡合金热弹马氏体金相形貌研究

本文研究了Cu——Sn合金系列热弹马氏体的金相组织形貌,并研究了不同配比成分及不同热处理工艺参数对马氏体形貌和热弹效应的影响。提出了两类不同马氏体β′与γ′按成分的区域划分并非固定不变的,随着冷却速度加大,区域将左移。     

α′ Type Ti– Nb– Zr alloys with ultra-low Young's modulus and high strength

a’ phase based Ti-Nb-Zr alloys with low Young’s modulus and high strength were prepared,and their microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized.It was revealed that the lattice expansion by Nb and Zr addition as well as the presence of a few of a\" martensite might be responsible for the low modulus achieved.Ti-15Nb-9Zr alloy,with ultralow modulus of 39 GPa and high strength of850 MPa,could be a potential candidate for biomedical applications.     

Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金马氏体相变的热力学特征

本文阐明了Cu—Zn—Al形状记忆合金马氏体转变的热力学特征，从热力学角度分析了Cu—Zn—Al记忆合金在不同的热处理条件下形成不同组织结构的机制，给出了控制Cu—Zn—Al记忆合金马氏体相变的方法．     

Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金的双分级淬火

合金的形状记忆效应是以热弹性马氏体转变为基础,通常要求该类合金具有较大的热弹性马氏体可逆转变量和稳定的特征转变温度。但是,这些参数与热处理条件密切相关,特别是在M_s高于室温的三元Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金中存在着热弹性马氏体的稳定化现象。作者曾研究了Cu-14.84Zn-7.75Al(wt％)形状记忆合金在单分级淬火条件下的热弹性马氏体转变行为,并探讨了热弹性马氏体稳定化机理。本文用直流电阻法、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等方法继续对该合金在双分级淬火条件下的热弹性马氏体转变行为进行了研究。主要结果如下: (1)本实验合金经(360℃,2分钟+150℃,2分钟)双分级淬火可获得最大热弹性马氏体可逆转变量和稳定的特征转变温度,但双分级淬火在360℃停留时会使贫溶质原子α相在原β相晶界和晶内析出,导致基体相中溶质原子富化。随着360℃停留的时间延长,α相逐渐增多,热弹性马氏体可逆转变量和特征转变温度(M_s,M_f,A_s,A_f)分别逐渐减少和降低。当基体相完全分解成多相组织时,其热弹性才完全消失。 (2)在T_s高于340℃的单分级淬火试样中热弹性马氏体的稳定化,不是由于母相中第二相析出所造成。 (3)双分级淬火试样的热弹性马氏体可逆转变量减少和特征转变温度降低是因为在360℃停留时析出了贫溶质原子α相和基体溶质原子富化所造成。     

Zr-xNb-4Sn alloys with low Young’s modulus and magnetic susceptibility for biomedical implants

The microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of Zr–x (8, 9, 10, wt.%)Nb–4Sn alloys were investigated to obtain novel Zr-based alloy with low Young’s modulus and magnetic susceptibility for biomedical implants. After homogenization annealing, hot forging and solution annealing, Zr–8Nb–4Sn, Zr–9Nb–4Sn and Zr–10Nb–4Sn alloys were composed of β+α″ phase, β+α″ phase, β+ω phase, respectively. The temperature at which the α\" and ω phase were transformed into β phase during the heating process was about 200 ​°C, and the phase transformation temperature decreased with the increase of Nb element. Among all the Zr–x (x ​= ​8,9,10)Nb–4Sn(wt.%) alloys, Zr–9Nb–4Sn alloy had the lowest Young's modulus of 46.6 ​GPa and the low magnetic susceptibility of 1.294 ​× ​10⁻⁶ cm³g⁻¹, which has a good application prospect for biomedical applications.     

CoMn合金中的马氏体相奕和形状记忆效应

研究了CoMn合金中的γγ(fcc)-ε(hcp)马氏体相关,并测量了合金的形状记忆效应（SME）,结果表明,该合金的马氏体相变具有典型的γ→ε马氏体相变体相变特征,它在发生马氏体相变时,内耗峰并不对应于母相模量的下降,其形核无需籍软模或区域软模,通过训练可以改善CoMn合金的SME,对改善的原因进行了初步的探讨。     

Role of β(FeAl) nanoparticles in abnormal grain growth in the annealing of cast Cu-Al-Mn-Fe shape memory alloys

In this study, the low-cost production of Cu-Al-Mn-Fe shape memory alloy single crystals exceeding 46 mm by abnormal grain growth was realized only through annealing their cast alloys. The results show that the misorientation formed during annealing may be responsible for such abnormal grain growth process. It was confirmed that this misorientation resulted from the dissolution of bcc β(FeAl) nanoparticles during heat treatment at a sufficiently temperature of approximately 1173 K. The rate of migration of the abnormal grain boundary was experimentally measured to be approximately 9.3 × 10^-5 m s^-1 within 2 min of the commencement of abnormal grain growth. Additionally, the range of composition of the alloys that can lead to abnormal grain growth was determined. When the Cu-13.0Al-6.5Mn-3.2Fe single crystal close to the [100] direction was deformed to a pre-strain of 12%, full shape recovery happened without any residual strain. At that time, the superelastic strain was approximately 9%. Such a superelastic characteristic remained nearly constant over 50 cycles, showing excellent fatigue resistance. The superelastic properties of the present Cu-13.0Al-6.5Mn-3.2Fe single crystal are compared to those of commercial Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys. Therefore, it can be considered as a new kind of superelastic material having practical applications. The obtained results should be of great significance in the development of Cu-based shape memory alloys. Furthermore, it is expected that a similar microstructure can be designed for the production of more metallic single crystals.     

Fe-Mn-Si基合金fcc反铁磁与马氏体相变

采用电阻和内耗分析测定了不同Ｍｎ含量Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ基形状记忆合金（ＳＭＡ）相变临界点Ｍｓ、Ｍｆ、Ａｓ、Ａｆ和ＴＮ,研究了母相反铁磁状态时γε马氏体相变热诱发和应力诱发的影响．发现,随着Ｍｎ含量的增加,Ｍｓ、Ｍｆ、Ａｓ、Ａｆ降低,而ＴＮ升高直至热马氏体完全被抑制．当ＴＮ接近Ｍｓ时,母相反铁磁状态并不能完全抑制马氏体相变,而是使相变温区延伸到ＴＮ以下达－１５０°Ｃ的低温．即使热马氏体完全被抑制后应力仍然可以大量诱发马氏体相变,显示形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ）．这时应力诱发马氏体（ＳＩＭ）的相对数量可由逆相变内耗峰的面积来评定．     

多晶CuZnAl形状记忆合金的热机循环效应（Ⅱ）

用光学显微镜原位动态观察研究了多晶ＣｕＺｎＡｌ记忆合金在热机循环中的组织转为特征，电镜研究提示了热机循环在马氏体中引入的缺陷及对热弹性马氏体转变的影响。讨论了微观组织形态和亚结构变化导致宏观性能变化的机制。     

关于35CrNi3MoV钢马氏体一贝氏体复合组织与机械性能之间关系的研究

本文研究了高温和低温回火状态下35CrNi 3MoV钢马氏体一贝氏体复合组织中贝氏体类型(包括下贝、上贝和粒贝)及贝氏体体积分数与其拉伸、系列冲击,室温与低温断裂韧性之间的关系。结果表明:高温回火状态下马氏体一贝氏体复合组织强度高于混合定则;高温回火状态下马氏体一贝氏体复合组织中上、下贝氏体体积分数达约50%,-196～25℃的CVN和-75～15℃的k_(IC)都与马氏体接近,但全上,下贝氏体韧脆转折温度大为升高。通过光学全相透射和扫描电镜分析,探讨了显微组织与性能间的关系。     

形状记忆合金的研究现状及应用特点

简述了形状记忆合金的发展概况,介绍了形状记忆效应及其特性.综述了形状记忆合金材料的研究现状、发展趋势及应用特点.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on Ti–Ta-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy

The microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–Ta-Hf alloys with various thermo-mechanical treatments were investigated. The results reveal that the hot-rolling could refine the grain size and introduce a certain number of defects, resulting in the disappearance of martensitic transformation. The as-casted and solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloys were composed of α'' martensite phase and smaller volume of β phase. In contrast, the grain size of solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy was slightly less than that of as-casted Ti–Ta-Hf alloy. This should be responsible to the higher yield stress and superior strain recovery characteristics for solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy. The yield stress for the dislocation slip and the maximum recoverable strain of solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy were 723 ​MPa and 5.06%, respectively.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金时效过程研究

铜基形状记忆合金的时效是影响其应用的关键之一。对ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金 时效过程的研究表明：在 ２９３～３７３Ｋ温度范围内时效，随时效温度的提高．马氏体 相向母相转变的温度变化值减小．时效作用减弱；母相保温可使相变点稳定；造成 ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金时效的一个重要原因是淬火过饱和空位的偏聚。