Improving thermoelectric properties of p-type Bi_2Te_3-based alloys by spark plasma sintering

High-performance(Bi_2Te_3)_x(Sb_1Te_3)_(1-x) bulk materials were prepared by combining fusion technique with spark plasma sintering,and their thermoelectric properties were investigated.The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient increase greatly and the thermal conductivity decreases significantly with the increase of Bi_2Te_3 content,which leads to a great improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT.The maximum ZT value reaches 1.33 at 398 K for the composition of 20%Bi_2Te_3-80%Sb_2Te_...     

Thermoelectric properties of I-doped n-type Bi2Te3-based material prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent hot pressing

I-doped Bi_2Te_(3-x)I_x(x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) flower-like nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method through a careful adjustment of the amount of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid surfactant. The nanopowders of flower-like nanoparticles were hot-pressed into bulk pellets and the thermoelectric properties of the pellets were investigated. The results showed that I-doping decreased the electrical resistivity effectively, and the thermal conductivitives of the Bi_2Te_(3-x)I_x bulk samples was lower because of the closer atomic mass of I compared to Te.As a result, a ZT value of 1.1 was attained at 448 K for the Bi_2Te_(2.9)I_(0.1)sample.     

化学镀Zn对n型Bi2Te2.4Se0.6合金热电性能的影响

为了研究化学镀Zn对n型Bi2Te2.4Se0.6材料的热电性能的影响及作用机制,采用化学镀法制备n型Zn/Bi2Te2.4Se0.6纳米粉体,并结合放电等离子烧结烧制成块体材料,n型Zn/Bi2Te2.4Se0.6热电材料的Seebeck系数(SS)提升,热导率显著降低,其中0.15％Zn/Bi2Te24Se06的热导率最低,在371 K达到最小值0.74 W/(m·K),这是由于载流子浓度的降低引起电子热导减小,以及第二相和晶界增多引起声子散射造成晶格热导降低.结果表明,0.15％Zn/Bi2Te2.4Se0.6的热电优值(ZT)有很大的提升,在421 K达到1.06.     

一种MEMS热电制冷器的设计

研究一种基于MEMS工艺的微型热电制冷器.采用薄膜热电材料减小器件的尺寸,采用微机械加工工艺形成的硅杯结构降低衬底的热泄漏.器件在材料和工艺上都与微电子工艺兼容,易于与电子器件集成.分别讨论了热电臂长度、厚度及绝缘膜厚度等结构参数对器件最大制冷温差、制冷系数、制冷功率等性能的影响,得出最优的设计参数.分析中考虑了绝缘层热泄漏,制冷区的热对流和热辐射,以及接触电阻等非理想因素.分析结果表明,器件工作时达到的最大温差为40 K;冷端温度为290 K时,制冷功率为3 mW.     

Effect of high pressure sintering and annealing on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of nanocrystalline Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 doped with Gd

Bi2Te2.7Se0.3of high performance doped with Gd bulk materials was prepared by a high pressure(6.0 GPa) sintering(HPS) method at 593 K,633 K, 673 K and 693 K. The sample was then annealed for 36 h in a vacuum at 633 K. The phase composition, crystal structure and morphology of the sample were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electric conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity aspects of the sample were measured from 298 K to 473 K. The results show that high pressure sintering and the doping with Gd has a great effect on the crystal structure and the thermoelectric properties of the samples. The samples are consisted of nanoparticles before and after annealing, and these nanostructures have good stability at high temperature. HPS together with annealing can improve the TE properties of the sample by decreasing the thermal conductivity of the sample with nanostructures. The maximum ZT value of 0.74 was obtained at 423 K for the sample, which was sintered at 673 K and then annealed at 633 K for 36 h. Compared with the zone melting sample, it was increased by 85% at423 K. Hence the temperature of the maximum of figure of merit was increased. The results can be applied to the field of thermoelectric power generation materials.     

电热式化学镀铜地热地板的表面化学结构与导热性

用X射线光电子能谱及激光导热性能测试仪测试化学镀铜杨木单板的表面化学结构及其复合后地热地板的导热性.结果表明:镀铜后杨木单板的Cu元素与其复合后的地热地板导热率呈正相关关系;镀层中Cu元素以Cu~(2+)的形式存在,随着施镀时间的增加,Cu~+的歧化反应更加完全,CuOH与Cu_2O逐渐还原为金属Cu;在相同含水率条件下,镀铜地热地板复合材料的导热率比全素复合材料的导热率高2倍多,且随着施镀时间的增加,其导热率也随之增大.     

喷射成形制备La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金

采用喷射沉积成形方法制备了La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金. 结果表明,沉积态La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金比以往报道的采用甩带法制备的同成分非晶合金具有更大的约化玻璃转变温度和更宽的过冷液相区. 非晶的晶化实验表明,晶化初期多种晶相同时结晶析出. 483K退火时,在非晶基体中析出Al和AlNi. 503K退火时进一步析出La和未知相. La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金在573K退火没有新相产生,合金晶化态组织由Al、AlNi、La和未知相组成.     

Optical parameters induced by phase transformation in RF magnetron sputtered TiO2nanostructured thin films

Pure TiO2 thin films were deposited onto quartz substrates using a ceramic TiO2 target at an elevated substrate temperature of 573 K by RF magnetron sputtering, and an analysis of structural, optical and photoluminescence characteristics of the films upon phase transformation is reported in this paper. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-deposited film was amorphous in nature. Thermal annealing for 2 h at 873 K in air resulted in the formation of anatase phase, and a phase transformation to rutile was observed at 1073 K.An increase in grain size and an improvement in crystallinity were also observed on annealing. Rod- like rutile crystallites were observed in the SEM images of the film annealed at 1273 K. As-deposited films and films annealed up to 1073 K were highly transparent in the visible region with a transparency 480%. Optical band gap of the films decreased upon thermal annealing which is attributed to phase transformation from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile. Optical parameters such as refractive index, optical conductivity and optical dielectric constant increased with increase in annealing temperature. Since rutile is the optically active phase, the superior refractive index of the film annealed at 1073 K along with its high transparency in visible region suggests the application of this film in antireflective coatings. Photoluminescence emission of maximum intensity was observed for the film annealed at 873 K, which exhibits anatase phase. Intense blue emission observed in this film makes it suitable for use in optoelectronic display devices.     

焙烧温度对钨酸铋光催化剂的影响

本文采用固体漫反射紫外扫描(DRS)、热重(TG)、差示热量扫描(DSC)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等研究了焙烧温度对钨酸铋光催化剂结构的影响.研究表明:焙烧温度对钨酸铋光催化剂具有重要的影响.通过比较,钨酸铋光催化剂的适宜的焙烧温度为873 K,其禁带宽度为2.75 eV.该催化剂可在2 h内使糖蜜酒精废水的色度催化降解89.4%.热分析表明,钨酸铋光催化剂的前驱体分解温度在473~573 K,晶相形成温度在673~820 K之间.催化剂的焙烧温度也影响其表面羟基的含量,873 K焙烧的钨酸铋光催化剂表面富含羟基,而催化剂表面羟基含量直接影响催化剂生成具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基的能力,所以直接影响催化剂的催化活性.     

Sintering behavior and thermal conductivity of nickel-coated graphite flake/copper composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Nickel-coated graphite flakes/copper (GN/Cu) composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering with the surface of graphite flakes (GFs) being modified by Ni-P electroless plating. The effects of the phase transition of the amorphous Ni-P plating and of Ni diffusion into the Cu matrix on the densification behavior, interfacial microstructure, and thermal conductivity (TC) of the GN/Cu composites were systematically investigated. The introduction of Ni-P electroless plating efficiently reduced the densification temperature of uncoated GF/Cu composites from 850 to 650℃ and slightly increased the TC of the X-Y basal plane of the GF/Cu composites with 20vol%-30vol% graphite flakes. However, when the graphite flake content was greater than 30vol%, the TC of the GF/Cu composites decreased with the introduction of Ni-P plating as a result of the combined effect of the improved heat-transfer interface with the transition layer, P generated at the interface, and the diffusion of Ni into the matrix. Given the effect of the Ni content on the TC of the Cu matrix and on the interface thermal resistance, a modified effective medium approximation model was used to predict the TC of the prepared GF/Cu composites.     

银粉活化镀铜、界面结构与性能

将经硅烷偶联剂KH-560改性后的银粉均匀涂覆到预固化的环氧树脂表面,银粉经过处理后可作为活性中心活化化学镀铜,得到致密、导电性高、结合力强的铜镀层。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线测厚仪、能谱仪（EDS）、电阻测试仪等手段系统研究了KH-560改性后银粉的化学态、化学可镀性、银粉界面层的结构与厚度、镀层与树脂之间的结合力以及镀层的导电性,结果表明：KH-560可以成功改性银粉,银粉表面的硅烷偶联剂膜会影响银催化镀铜的效果,但可以通过水解去除偶联剂膜从而暴露出银粉达到催化化学镀铜的目的。当KH-560用量（占银粉质量分数）为4%时,镀层与树脂之间的结合力最大为2.27 MPa,较未用KH-560改性银粉镀层的结合力提升了25.4%;铜镀层均匀致密,电导率约为3.15×10⁷ S/m。     

电沉积纳米晶Ni-19% Fe合金热稳定性研究

对晶粒尺寸为-20 nm的电沉积纳米晶N i-19%Fe合金的热稳定性进行了研究。在573~873 K温度范围内对其进行等温退火,采用X射线衍射技术分析其晶粒尺寸,根据Arrhen ius-type公式计算晶粒生长指数及晶粒生长活化能,结果表明该电沉积纳米晶N i-19%Fe合金在低于573 K时其晶粒生长主要受晶界扩散机制控制,在673~873 K温度范围内,晶格扩散和晶界扩散2种机制同时参与了其晶粒生长过程。     

Effect of vacuum annealing on the characteristics of composite pellets containing DBSA-doped polyaniline and Fe nanoparticles

The DBSA-PANI-Fe composite powder with 50wt% of Fe nanoparticles was prepared by mechanically mixing the DBSA-doped polyaniline powder and Fe nanoparticles. The composite powder was compacted to pellets and the pellets were annealed in vacuum at 443,493,543, and 593 K for 60 and 120 min. The conductivity of the pellet increases markedly with increasing the annealing temperature up to 493 K, and then decreases with further increasing the annealing temperature. When the pellet was annealed at 493 K for 60 min, the increment of conductivity reaches a maximum value, and the conductivity is 2.6 times as large as that of the pellet unannealed. The conductivities of the pellets annealed under the conditions of 543 K/120 min, 593 K/60 min, and 593 K/120 min are lower than the conductivity of the pellet unannealed. For all the pellets, the variation in conductivity with temperature reveals that the charge transport mechanism can be considered to be 1-D variable-range-hopping (1-D VRH). The composite pellet shows a magnetic hysteresis loop independent of the annealing condition. The saturation magnetization is about 5.4×104 emu/kg. The saturation field and the coercivity are estimated to be 4.38×105 and 3.06×104 A/m, respectively. The crystalline structure ofFe nanoparticles in the composites does not change with the annealing condition. The annealing condition cannot destroy the polymer backbones.     

LiCoO2陶 瓷 的 力 学 谱 和 电 导 特 性

摘要： 以Li₂CO₃、Co₃O₄和C₂H₅OH为原料，用固相反应法制备LiCoO₂陶瓷，利用动态力学分析仪分析其在123～573 K时内耗与温度的关系，并利用四端法结合低温测试装置测量150～320 K范围内的LiCoO₂陶瓷电导率.结果表明，LiCoO₂陶瓷在170 K附近出现一个相变内耗峰，且其电导率随温度升高而明显增大.这是由于LiCoO₂陶瓷在170 K附近产生了相变并使热激发的电导性质发生变化，从而使其激活能成倍增加.     

化学镀Fe-Zn镀层的显微硬度实验研究

在制得Fe-Zn合金镀层的基础上,研究二元非晶态Fe-Zn合金的显微硬度随镀液中的ZnSO4/（ZnSO4＋FeSO4）的比值、热处理温度及镀层结构的变化关系。结果显示,随着镀层中Zn含量的增加,镀层的显微硬度先增加后减小,在ZnSO4/（ZnSO4＋FeSO4）比值为0.47时达到最大值。在热处理过程中,非晶态镀层在400℃开始晶化,此时镀层的显微硬度出现峰值。     

氧气气氛下退火温度对BST薄膜结构及物理性能的影响

利用溶胶凝胶法在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si (001)衬底上制备了(～70 nm)的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST)薄膜,采用磁控溅射法构建了Pt/BST/Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si (001)电容器,研究了在氧气气氛中不同退火温度对BST薄膜结构及物理性能的影响.结果发现,650℃退火样品具有良好的结...     

金刚石/铜复合材料镀镍工艺的优化

在金刚石／铜复合材料表面通过化学镀镍获得了性能良好的镀层．采用真空钎焊,对各镀层进行焊接热处理,比较几种不同镀镍工艺的镀层性能,包括电镀以及两种不同配方的化学镀,测试各镀层在焊接热处理后的结合强度和耐蚀性等,用扫描电镜观察各镀层焊接前后的表面形貌,并用X射线衍射分析镀层的相结构．结果表明：用柠檬酸钠作络合剂的化学镀层,经过焊接热处理以后,镀层的耐高温性、结合强度以及耐蚀性等性能都要明显好于用丁二酸作络合剂的化学镀层和电镀层．     

InCu熔体结构的多度域分形分析

基于高温X射线衍射实验,利用多域分理论研究了InCu熔体内原子簇在不同温下时空特性,表征了InCu金熔体几构特征.果显示,In,In-1wt.%CuIn-20wt.%Cu熔体构是种部分重叠多域分构,InIn-1wt.%Cu低维分维数随着温升高而升高,In-20wt.%Cu熔体低维分维数随着温升高出现不规则变化,且分维数可作为构敏感参数反映金构变化.In-57wt.%Cu熔体构也存在分特性,但不存在多域特性.利用多域分模,计算了In,In-1wt.%CuIn-20wt.%Cu熔体多域分过区域原子个数,由模计算所lnN-lnr曲线与实验所致,lnN-lnr曲线最大误差不超过1.22%,多域分范围熔体构有着对应联系,测多域分过区域与熔体构特性有关.利用超微粒聚制释了熔体分貌.     

Cu薄膜的瞬态反射率及退火处理的影响

为了研究激光辐照金属薄膜后的超快热化动力学过程,利用磁控溅射技术在玻璃衬底上制备了Cu薄膜样品,同时取部分样品进行不同温度的退火处理.运用飞秒激光泵浦-探测技术观测了薄膜表面的反射率变化,研究了薄膜退火处理对反射率的影响.结果表明:飞秒激光作用下,Cu薄膜的瞬态反射率曲线分为稳定、快速上升、衰减和恢复4个阶段；退火处理对反射率曲线的峰值和衰减阶段的时间有影响,退火温度越高,反射率变化的峰值越小,衰减阶段所用的时间越长,即电子的冷却速率越慢；基于双温模型预测的电子温度与试验结果大致吻合,但是预测的电子冷却时间比试验要长.     

化学镀Fe—Mo—W—B合金镀层的磁损耗

利用化学镀的方法制备了非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｂ四元合金镀层，利用Ｘ射线衍射方法屯镀层的结构，样品的磁损耗的由交流互感电桥原理测量，结果表明：具有较宽形成玻璃体能力的成分区域同时具有较低的磁损耗，与Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ－Ｂ非晶态合金镀层比较，Ｗ元素的加入并不明显改善镀层磁损耗，同时研究了样品在逐步退火过程中磁损耗随退火温度的变化规律。