广西及邻区泥盆系碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成特征及意义

广西及邻区下泥盆统至下石炭统稳定碳同位素组成逐渐增大，由埃姆斯阶（Ｄ＿１）一１‰～一４‰增至法门阶，杜内阶的＋０．５‰～＋２．５‰。同时期δ￣１８Ｏ呈“Ｗ”型分布，在艾菲尔阶（）和弗拉斯阶（）两个负向波动；在埃姆斯阶（），吉维特阶（）和法门阶（）、杜内阶（）三个正向波动。这些变化趋势反映了当时气圈、沉积的变化，也反映了生物界的演化变迁。华南泥盆纪δ￣１３Ｃ和δ￣１８Ｏ的变化特征可与同时期、同纬度的北美大陆保存完好的低镁方解石质腕足动物壳中碳、氧同位素组成良好的对比。因此，华南碳酸盐中碳、氧同位素组成基本保存了泥盆纪古海洋中同位素的特征，是很有潜力的地层对比的工具。     

碳稳定同位素在泥盆系-石炭系及弗拉阶-法门阶界线层远距离地层对比的应用

在广西和贵州泥盆系-石炭系界线有强烈的δ~(13)C值负异常,两地负异常可以对比。在广西和湖南弗拉阶顶部δ~(13)C值有多次负异常,两地负异常亦可以对比,δ~(13)C值波动曲线具有显著特征,它为今后弗拉阶-法门阶界线的识别及远距离对比具有实际应用价值。在生物地层工作基础上,对无机碳同位素的研究,在一定条件下可以提高远距离对比的精度。     

四川华蓥二叠-三叠系界线剖面稳定碳同位素变化特征及其生物地球化学循环成因

对四川华蓥楼房湾剖面稳定碳同位素进行的研究表明,该地区二叠-三叠系界线附近碳同位素变化趋势与全球变化基本一致。早三叠世早期ΔB平均值高于晚二叠世晚期,指示海水中磷酸盐浓度的增大和初级生产力的繁盛。从晚二叠世末期开始δ13Ccarb的缓慢降低是由大规模火山作用以及陆地风化作用加强造成的;早三叠世最早期δ13Ccarb和δ13Corg的快速同步降低所代表的全球碳循环变化主要受控于生物集群绝灭的主幕及海平面上升引起的底部缺氧水上涌。总之,二叠-三叠纪之交碳同位素变化是火山作用、海平面变化、海洋和陆地生物集群绝灭以及缺氧水上涌等因素综合作用的结果。     

四川华蓥二叠-三叠系界线剖面稳定碳同位素变化特征及其生物地球化学循环成因

对四川华蓥楼房湾剖面稳定碳同位素进行的研究表明,该地区二叠-三叠系界线附近碳同位素变化趋势与全球变化基本一致。早三叠世早期Δ_B平均值高于晚二叠世晚期,指示海水中磷酸盐浓度的增大和初级生产力的繁盛。从晚二叠世末期开始δ¹³C_carb的缓慢降低是由大规模火山作用以及陆地风化作用加强造成的;早三叠世最早期δ¹³C_carb和δ¹³C_org的快速同步降低所代表的全球碳循环变化主要受控于生物集群绝灭的主幕及海平面上升引起的底部缺氧水上涌。总之,二叠-三叠纪之交碳同位素变化是火山作用、海平面变化、海洋和陆地生物集群绝灭以及缺氧水上涌等因素综合作用的结果。     

晚泥盆世地球各圈层相互作用与海洋生态危机：来自高分辨率的沉积和同位素地球化学证据

在晚泥盆世弗拉-法门（F/F）转折期发生了显生宙5大生物绝灭事件之一的大规模生物集群绝灭事件．近年来作者及其合作者通过对我国华南F/F界线附近高分辨率的层序-旋回地层研究和同剖面无机-有机碳和锶同位素系统的研究表明：在F/F转折期，由多期火山活动触发的频繁、快速气候暖-冷交替（周期约为200ka）以及由此引发的陆-海相互作用（森林植被向陆扩展、化学风化作用增强和陆源营养输送量的增加）与海洋生态崩溃（海洋富营养化，微生物爆发和缺氧事件）是造成F/F转折期渐次绝灭的最主要原因．     

贵州习水地区奥陶系露头层序地层研究

根据野外露头剖面资料,结合碳氧同位素分析,探讨了贵州习水地区奥陶系层序地层界面识别、层序划分及其碳氧同位素响应。研究区奥陶系可划分出6个三级层序,包括两个I型层序界面,两个II型层序界面及两个III型层序界面。三级层序内海侵体系域和高水位体系域内δ13C分别呈增加和减小的趋势。碳氧同位素响应能有效反映准层序叠置形成四级层序。米级旋回发育两种模式:L–M型米级旋回、潮下型米级旋回。     

川西坳陷中段气藏天然气形成,运移的碳同位素地球化学证据

对川西争中段孝泉，新场合合兴场地区９个气藏的天然气进行了化学与碳同位素组成研究。天然以甲烷为主，总烃含量〉９９％，湿度〉０．５％、δ＾１３Ｃ１〉－３７‰与δ＾１３Ｃ２〉－２７‰。天然气的烃类组分由沉积物有机质热解形成。     

赣西西部中晚二叠世地层旋回地层学研究

本文以赣西西部米级旋回层序研究为基础,依据其平面展布及垂向叠加形式进行三级旋回层序划分,从中二叠世的鸡公岭组至晚二叠世的长兴组共划分出6个三级旋回层序,其时限约5.5Ma。通过中二叠世米级旋回层序的统计,它可能与地球轨道黄赤交角旋回相当(4万年)。该区米级旋回层序相序特征,反映出4次明显的拉张期,即栖霞早期、小江边期、南港期及乐平晚期。依据其空间展布,它们均为陆表海中的裂隙槽或深海沟,表明印支运动作用非常强烈,同时也为钦州造山带"开、合"运动在该区的表现。     

山西省柳林奥陶系马家沟组第五段第一亚段的白云石化作用

山西省柳林奥陶系马家沟组第五段第一亚段主要由白云岩组成，顶部为灰岩、沉积于浅的、局限的、低能、基底起伏小、蒸发作用强的克拉通内陆表海环境下．白云石的δ１３Ｃ值为－８．１～０．１‰，平均－３．０‰；δ１８Ｏ值为－１０．９～７．１‰，平均－８．９‰；白云石的碳氧稳定同位素值与泥晶方解石差别不大．准同生白云石的δ１３Ｃ为－４．９～０．１‰，平均－２．１‰；δ１８Ｏ值为－１０．３～－７．１‰，平均－８．７‰．成岩白去石的δ１３Ｃ值为－８．１～－３．３‰，平均－５．４‰；δ１８Ｏ值为－１０．９～－７．７‰，平均－９．２‰．白云石的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量为０．５１％～２．９９％，平均１．３６％，白云石较泥晶方解石的铁含量高．白云石的Ｓｒ含量为１３～４７（１０－６），平均２３（１０－６），白云石和泥晶解石的Ｓｒ含量均低．白云石较方解石的晶胞体积减少１２．７％左右．白云石化所引起的体积缩小，产生了大量的晶间孔．有利于淡水的渗透、淋滤，晶间孔进一步改造，形成了晶间溶孔和溶蚀孔、洞、缝．白云石样品的ＭｇＣＯ３含量几乎都大于５０ｍｏｌ％，白云石化，是淡水与富镁海水混合的结果．     

柳杉树轮δ~(13)C与气候要素的分析与应用

<正>对采自气候为非限制性因子地区的柳杉树轮稳定碳同位素比 δ１３ Ｃ进行气候响应分析。用排除法消除大气二氧化碳中δ１３Ｃ的变化对柳杉树轮δ１３Ｃ变化的影响后,建立残差年序列ＲＥ,并结合西天目山气象站的气象记录,分析了树轮δ１３Ｃ年序列对气候要素的响应。结果表明：西天目山地区树轮 δ１３Ｃ的高频振荡与 １１、１２月最高气温的平均值,１、２、３月降水总和以及６、７月降水总和显著相关,在一定程度上反映了东亚季风对该区的影响大小。可见气候非限制性因子地区树轮稳定碳同位素组成年序列同样可以作为气候变化指针。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-