磁场作用下海森堡模型的热纠缠传态

研究了均匀磁场作用下的两量子比特XXZ海森堡模型的热纠缠,并且以此热纠缠混合态作为量子信道传输两量子比特的纠缠纯态.计算出输出态的纠缠度和传态的平均保真度.讨论了温度、磁场、各向异性参数对纠缠度和平均保真度的影响.     

二量子比特幺正算符对2秩混合态的纠缠能力

给出了二量子比特幺正算符对2秩混合态的以concurrence为度量的纠缠能力计算方法. 对2秩混合态的完美纠缠算符条件与纯态的相同, 其纠缠能力为混合参量v₁. 对于非完美纠缠算符情形, 给出了纠缠能力的上限和下限.     

二量子比特混合态隐形传输保真度研究

针对二量子比特混合态系统,利用描述态的密度矩阵研究了CHSH违反、混合度与隐形传输保真度的关系。通过共生纠缠度确定了隐形传输保真度的上、下限。结果表明,二量子比特混合态在CHSH违反最大位置或混合度最小位置获得最大隐形传输保真度,并可以通过增加共生纠缠度来提高隐形传输保真度。     

利用Peres判据测量混合态量子系统的纠缠

量子纠缠是量子信息和量子计算的关键资源,研究初态为混合态的电荷量子比特与单模量子化光场之间的纠缠,根据Peres的可分离态的密度矩阵部分转置正定(PPT)判据,测量系统的纠缠并观察初态的混合度λ和失谐量Δ对系统纠缠随时间演化的影响.     

两个二量子位海森堡XX链中热纠缠态的隐形传递

利用两个二量子位的海森堡XX链作为信道,进行两粒子热纠缠态的隐形传递.在一定的外界条件下,得到非零的纠缠度以及保真度大于2/3.最后发现,当磁场B较弱、温度T很低的时候,以海森堡热纠缠混合态作为量子信道的隐形传递要优越于经典信道.     

初始量子相干性对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统中量子纠缠的影响

研究拉曼耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子系统,在初始态具有量子相干性时纠缠相干态的生成,讨论了初始量子相干性对所生成的纠缠态的影响,指出初始量子相干性只影响所生成的纠缠相干态各组分之间的相位,不影响它们的振幅.     

两量子比特系统中几何相位与纠缠度的时间演化特性

通过研究具有DM(Dzyaloshinski-Moriya)各向异性自旋轨道相互作用的两自旋量子比特模型,分别从初态为纯态和混合态的角度分析了几何相位与纠缠度随时间演化特性之间的关联,并得到参数D的选取会影响到几何相位和纠缠度随时间的演化特性,D取值越大变化越缓慢.     

量子稳定子码的码字纠缠

量子计算和量子通信是量子信息科学的两个重要组成部分.量子算法通常用到实系数等权重纯态,其中重要的一类是图态,图态的纠缠已经得到系统的研究.量子通信中不可避免地要用量子纠错码,其中最广泛使用的是与图态紧密相关的量子稳定子码,可以看作是由图态与经典编码两个要素构成的.本文将论证量子编码复杂度与量子码字纠缠的关系.为研究量子码字的纠缠,将证明几何测度、对数鲁棒纠缠和相对熵纠缠等纠缠测度对于量子稳定子码字而言是相等的,纠缠的上下界可由量子编码的生成元确定.用经典编码可以构造一类量子码,称为CSS码.其中最常用的是对偶包含法.对于CSS对偶包含码的码字,证明它的纠缠等于其经典生成元的个数.本文给出Gottesman码以及相关码的纠缠公式,还发展了迭代算法用来数值计算纠缠量.     

利用射影Cap构造极大纠缠的纠缠辅助量子纠错码

依据经典四元线性码理论和纠缠辅助量子纠错码理论,由四元线性码的生成矩阵给出四元线性码稳定极大纠缠的纠缠辅助量子码的几何特征。在给定几何特征基础上,由射影空间的Cap理论,设法用组合数学方法和搜索算法构造出给定几何特征的Cap,确定Cap码的参数。利用所得到的参数优良的Cap码,结合纠缠理论,构造出一些参数优良的极大纠缠的纠缠辅助量子码。其中,所构造的极大纠缠的纠缠辅助量子码有许多是最优码,还有一些纠缠辅助量子码改进了前人所得到的纠缠辅助量子码的参数,这些纠缠辅助量子纠错码是无法用已有方法得到的。这也证明了结合组合与搜索的方法来构造极大纠缠的纠缠辅助量子纠错码是有效的。     

基于纠缠交换的量子密钥分发

为了提高量子密钥分发的效率,提出了一种基于纠缠交换的密钥分配方案。该方案无需交换经典信息且不要进行任何酉操作,通信双方通过纠缠交换并利用贝尔测量即可生成密钥;除去少量用于检测量子信道安全的量子位,其余量子位都可以用来生成密钥,且每两对纠缠粒子就可以生成密钥的两个比特位。利用Stinespring Dilation定理证明了该方案的安全性并给出了效率分析。     

Quantum states of neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field.

The discrete quantum properties of matter are manifest in a variety of phenomena. Any particle that is trapped in a sufficiently deep and wide potential well is settled in quantum bound states. For example, the existence of quantum states of electrons in an electromagnetic field is responsible for the structure of atoms, and quantum states of nucleons in a strong nuclear field give rise to the structure of atomic nuclei. In an analogous way, the gravitational field should lead to the formation of quantum states. But the gravitational force is extremely weak compared to the electromagnetic and nuclear force, so the observation of quantum states of matter in a gravitational field is extremely challenging. Because of their charge neutrality and long lifetime, neutrons are promising candidates with which to observe such an effect. Here we report experimental evidence for gravitational quantum bound states of neutrons. The particles are allowed to fall towards a horizontal mirror which, together with the Earth's gravitational field, provides the necessary confining potential well. Under such conditions, the falling neutrons do not move continuously along the vertical direction, but rather jump from one height to another, as predicted by quantum theory.     

二能级二粒子一般态的概率传输

研究了用4个粒子的非最大纠缠纯态传输二能级二粒子的一般态。传输方案没有利用Bell基测量，而是利用么正变换和局域进行了测量。在经典通讯的帮助下，通过做适当的么正变换和对辅助量子位的测量，这个二粒子一般态可以一定的成功几率从发送者处传输到接收者处。     

二能级三粒子一般态的概率传输

研究了用六粒子的非最大纠缠纯态传输二能级三粒子的一般态.传输方案没有利用Bell基测量,而是利用幺正变换和局域进行了测量.在经典通讯的帮助下,通过做适当的幺正变换和对辅助量子位的测量,这个三粒子一般态可以一定的成功概率从发送者处传输到接收者处.     

基于绝热量子演化的量子状态转换方法

量子算法成功的标志体现为实现了正确的量子状态转换,这一过程主要通过适当的量子算符来实现。然而,事实证明寻找合适的量子算符是非常困难的。之前大多数研究主要采用机器学习的方法解决这一问题,这些算法与以酉量子操作为特征的量子电路模型有较大差距,也难以分析其在量子计算机上的实现。提出利用绝热量子演化实现量子状态的转换,与标准量子计算模型相比,量子状态的转换更加直接,也不用考虑算符的酉性,因此是在量子计算及量子通信中值得借鉴的量子状态转化方法。     

无限维两体量子系统态的可分性鲁棒和纠缠鲁棒

研究了量子信息理论中无限维两体量子态的可分性鲁棒和纠缠鲁棒问题。利用无限维两体量子系统态的Concurrence纠缠度以及可分态的边缘态的概念,讨论了无限维两体量子态的可分性鲁棒和纠缠鲁棒的定义。得到了可分性鲁棒以及纠缠鲁棒的若干基本性质,推广了有限维两体量子态的相应结果,获得了无限维两体量子系统态的可分性鲁棒和纠缠鲁棒分别为零的等价条件。     

无限维两体量子系统态的一些纠缠判据

探讨了无限维两体复合量子系统态的可分性问题,利用局域不确定性关系提出了无限维两体量子态可分的一些必要条件,得到了可分态所满足的一些不等式,推广了作者Otfried Guhne（PhysRev Lett,2004）和Zhang Chengjie（Phys Rev A,2010）的有限维的相关结果,对于识别无限维量子系统态的可分性是一个补充。     

Hybridization of electronic states in quantum dots through photon emission

The self-assembly of semiconductor quantum dots has opened up new opportunities in photonics. Quantum dots are usually described as 'artificial atoms', because electron and hole confinement gives rise to discrete energy levels. This picture can be justified from the shell structure observed as a quantum dot is filled either with excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) or with electrons. The discrete energy levels have been most spectacularly exploited in single photon sources that use a single quantum dot as emitter. At low temperatures, the artificial atom picture is strengthened by the long coherence times of excitons in quantum dots, motivating the application of quantum dots in quantum optics and quantum information processing. In this context, excitons in quantum dots have already been manipulated coherently. We show here that quantum dots can also possess electronic states that go far beyond the artificial atom model. These states are a coherent hybridization of localized quantum dot states and extended continuum states: they have no analogue in atomic physics. The states are generated by the emission of a photon from a quantum dot. We show how a new version of the Anderson model that describes interactions between localized and extended states can account for the observed hybridization.     

'Designer atoms' for quantum metrology

Entanglement is recognized as a key resource for quantum computation and quantum cryptography. For quantum metrology, the use of entangled states has been discussed and demonstrated as a means of improving the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, entangled states have been used in experiments for efficient quantum state detection and for the measurement of scattering lengths. In quantum information processing, manipulation of individual quantum bits allows for the tailored design of specific states that are insensitive to the detrimental influences of an environment. Such 'decoherence-free subspaces' (ref. 10) protect quantum information and yield significantly enhanced coherence times. Here we use a decoherence-free subspace with specifically designed entangled states to demonstrate precision spectroscopy of a pair of trapped Ca+ ions; we obtain the electric quadrupole moment, which is of use for frequency standard applications. We find that entangled states are not only useful for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in frequency measurements--a suitably designed pair of atoms also allows clock measurements in the presence of strong technical noise. Our technique makes explicit use of non-locality as an entanglement property and provides an approach for 'designed' quantum metrology.     

Creation of a six-atom 'Schrödinger cat' state

Among the classes of highly entangled states of multiple quantum systems, the so-called 'Schr?dinger cat' states are particularly useful. Cat states are equal superpositions of two maximally different quantum states. They are a fundamental resource in fault-tolerant quantum computing and quantum communication, where they can enable protocols such as open-destination teleportation and secret sharing. They play a role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and enable improved signal-to-noise ratios in interferometry. Cat states are very sensitive to decoherence, and as a result their preparation is challenging and can serve as a demonstration of good quantum control. Here we report the creation of cat states of up to six atomic qubits. Each qubit's state space is defined by two hyperfine ground states of a beryllium ion; the cat state corresponds to an entangled equal superposition of all the atoms in one hyperfine state and all atoms in the other hyperfine state. In our experiments, the cat states are prepared in a three-step process, irrespective of the number of entangled atoms. Together with entangled states of a different class created in Innsbruck, this work represents the current state-of-the-art for large entangled states in any qubit system.     

基于波粒二象性的量子光通信系统的研究

结合光子的波粒二象性,提出利用孤子调制承载量子态的方案,着重从调制信道的角度,分别论证了孤子在NLSE光纤和SIT媒介中的传输演变,量子的压缩态和纠缠态可以在孤子的传输演变中产生,从而实现量子的高速调制.这种调制方案,融合了量子和孤子的特性,避免了量子长距离传送所带来的一系列问题,如量子中继等.