水溶相天然气出溶成藏条件及成藏模式

水溶相天然气是一种重要的非常规天然气资源.通过实例分析,认为水溶相天然气出溶成藏需要满足3个要素:充足的气源供给是物质基础,高天然气溶解度差是重要条件,引起温压变化的地质事件是关键因素.与常规天然气相比,水溶相天然气析出后具有干燥系数大,异构烷烃、芳香烃、苯和甲苯富集,碳同位素偏重,非烃类CO2和N2富集等一系列地球化学特征,可以作为识别出溶气藏的证据.根据地质条件和成藏过程的不同,认为水溶相天然气成藏存在3种模式:断裂垂向短距离输导模式、输导层侧向长距离运移模式和构造抬升原地成藏模式.     

川西南井研地区嘉陵江组气藏成藏条件及演化过程

利用岩石薄片鉴定、常规测井、烷烃气碳同位素、流体包裹体等分析测试资料,开展了川西南井研地区嘉陵江组气藏成藏地质条件研究,结合区域埋藏-热演化史和构造演化史恢复,恢复了嘉陵江组天然气成藏演化过程。研究结果表明：井研地区嘉陵江组天然气成藏条件良好,嘉四段云坪相孔隙型白云岩储层发育,以龙潭组为主的二叠系烃源岩为气藏的形成提供了充足油气来源,中-小型烃源断裂为天然气成藏充注提供了有利通道,低缓斜坡背景下的构造圈闭为天然气富集成藏提供了有利场所,区内嘉陵江组天然气成藏表现出一期持续性干气充注特征,其成藏演化经历3个重要阶段：印支晚期-燕山中期二叠系烃源岩成熟生烃;燕山晚期高成熟干气开始充注成藏;喜马拉雅期-现今持续充注与调整成藏。     

油气组分及同位素组成特征在莺琼盆地油气二次运移研究中的应用

油气不同组分的物理化学特性差异及地层中岩石、矿物选择性吸附造成的色层效应使油气在运移过程中其组分和同位素组成发生一定的变化 ,这为利用油气地化特征探讨油气运移提供了理论基础。利用该原理对莺琼盆地崖 13 1气藏天然气甲烷δ13C1值及凝析油族组分 (烷烃、芳烃、胶质 )、C6化合物 (正构烷烃、异构烷烃、环烷烃、芳烃 )等的相对含量和碳同位素组成进行了研究。结果表明 ,该气藏中天然气甲烷及凝析油族组分的δ13C1值由西到东呈现逐渐变轻的趋势 ;凝析油中极性相对弱的组分含量逐渐增加 ,极性相对强的组分含量逐渐降低。这表明崖13 1气藏中的油气应主要来自一号断层西侧的莺歌海盆地 ,其运移方向是由西以东。对莺琼盆地东方 1 1气藏天然气甲烷δ13C1值的研究表明 ,该气藏主要是由下覆烃源岩生成的天然气向上运移到浅层形成的 ,气藏中大部分天然气的垂向运移距离在 2km以上     

百色盆地第三系浅层气成因类型与形成机制

在分析百色盆地第三系浅层气地球化学特征的基础上，利用天然气的化学组成和稳定碳同位素比值关系对该盆地浅层气的成因类型进行鉴别，同时根据浅层气的赋存状态与空间展布规律，从浅层气的化学组成和碳同位素组成变化特征入手，结合其它地质、地化资料，探讨盆地浅层气的形成机制。认为百色盆地浅层气以烃类气体为主，其中甲烷占优势；甲烷碳同位素组成偏轻，具有生物成因气的碳同位素组成特征。随气藏埋深增加，浅层气中甲烷含量降低，Cz 重烃增多；甲烷碳同位素组成变重；天然气密度升高。盆地浅层气可划分为三种成因类型：生物气、生物气-低熟混合气、油层菌解气。提出盆地具有沉积、成岩过程中的早期成气作用、抬升之后的后期成气作用和晚期复合成藏三种形成机制。     

元坝地区雷口坡组气源与碳同位素倒转成因

探讨四川盆地元坝地区雷口坡组气源与碳同位素倒转成因.通过雷口坡组烃源岩与天然气地化参数分析,其烃源岩以泥晶灰岩、含泥灰岩为主,TOC质量分数平均为0.37％,生烃能力较差.天然气中非烃气的体积分数多数＜10％,烷烃气组分较干,CH4相对体积分数平均为99.0％,碳同位素较轻,其中δ13C1均值为-34.19‰,δ13 C2均值为-33.31‰,且多数样品发生δ13C1,δ13C2倒转;甲烷氧同位素较轻,均值为-156.3‰.与相邻层位烷烃气对比并结合烃源背景,综合分析认为其气源主要为须家河组媒型气,其甲烷、乙烷碳同位素倒转为水溶分馏作用导致气层中乙烷变轻程度超过甲烷一定幅度引起.     

神狐深水海域天然气水合物成藏的气源条件

为深入分析南海北部神狐深水海域天然气水合物形成的气源控制因素,以神狐海域天然气水合物调查区为重
点研究对象,在基础调查资料和相关钻探成果的综合研究基础上,全面探讨了神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的气源供给
条件。研究结果表明：（1）神狐海域浅层400～1 200 m 以内具备良好的适合微生物成因甲烷气体生成条件,生物气生
气潜力巨大;（2）深部古近系文昌组湖相和恩平组煤系两套成熟烃源岩,亦以生气为主,能够提供一定数量的热解气
补充之;（3）深部成熟热解气通过纵向断层或底辟通道垂向运移至浅层海底,在浅部与微生物气一起侧向运移至天然
气水合物稳定域内形成混合型天然气水合物藏。     

莺歌海盆地富CO_2气藏形成的有利条件及分布规律研究

以莺歌海盆地富CO_2气藏地球化学特征为基础,结合地质条件分析,探讨了CO_2的成因类型,分析了富CO_2气藏形成的有利地质条件和分布规律。结果表明:研究区富CO_2气藏CO_2主要为无机岩石化学成因,有少量幔源气混入;富CO_2气藏主要分布在中央底辟带底辟构造1 000~2 000 m深度范围内,东方区CO_2体积分数分布于0~18%和54%~88%这2个区间,且同一底辟构造内,下部储层CO_2含量高于上部储层,断裂附近储层CO_2含量高于远离断裂储层,乐东区CO_2体积分数介于0~88%,CO_2分布没有明显的规律性,两区底辟发育特征不同是CO_2分布特征差异的根本原因;中央坳陷带底辟区巨厚钙质砂泥岩沉积、高地温场和大地热流背景及泥底辟的周期性活动是富CO_2气藏形成的有利地质条件;中央坳陷带非底辟区和莺东斜坡带无成规模富CO_2气藏分布。     

川西中段山前带雷口坡组气藏形成条件及过程

利用探井和地球物理资料,系统分析川西中段彭州气田钻探成果和中三叠统雷口坡组天然气成藏特征。川西中段深层有优质的下寒武统烃源岩,雷口坡组微生物型储集层沿山前带呈北西向展布,晚期发育的沟源断层形成的输导体系,早于断层形成的圈闭体系,具备形成大气田的基本条件。川西中段雷口坡组气藏为次生气藏,其天然气来源于下伏古气藏及烃源岩,深层的天然气通过断层向上运移聚集。川西中段雷口坡组的成藏特点为:(1)深层古油气藏发育;(2)微生物储层发育;(3)沟源断层晚期发育;(4)地震促使断层活化;(5)天然气跨层运移成藏。除雷口坡组外,深层应该还存在残余的古气藏,可能赋存的层位为二叠系和震旦系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区页岩气

通过对中生界页岩气、中生界浅层气、上古生界天然气和周边盆地的生物成因气等多种成因气的地球化学特征(包括组分和碳同位素)对比,探讨鄂尔多斯盆地中生界页岩气的成因.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界页岩气甲烷体积分数为46.08%~94.56%,重烃体积分数为2.86%~37.61%,甲烷碳同位素为-52.0‰~-46.4‰.通过天然气组分及碳同位素对比分析,确定鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩气的成因既不是来自上古生界煤型气,也不是生物成因气,而是和盆地浅层气地球化学特征相似,属于偏腐泥型源岩热解形成的原油伴生气,源岩为延长组腐泥型烃源岩.考虑到热演化成熟度特征,认为吴旗—庆阳—富县一带中生界烃源岩热演化程度高,为页岩气勘探有利区.     

莺歌海盆地底辟构造带天然气运聚特征

底辟构造带是强超压发育区 ,也是莺歌海盆地超压源所在地 ,属典型的垂向超压传递压力系统 ,热流体活动十分活跃 ,具独特的天然气垂向运移特征。研究表明 :(1)异常温压形成强流体势 ,异常高压为天然气运移提供强大动力 ;(2 )流体压裂形成良好的天然气垂向运移输导系统 ,底辟带热流体输导系统主要是流体压裂面 ;(3)热流体活动模式决定了天然气运移 ,流体压裂可导致流体释放 ,使孔隙压力降低 ,并造成流体压裂面自动封闭 ,尔后地层压力再次聚集增大 ,再次导致流体压裂和流体释放 ,依此反复 ,形成流体幕式活动。天然气作为热流体的组成部分 ,其成藏特征为幕式聚集和处于聚集散失再聚集供大于散的动态平衡中     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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