生物芯片技术及其在生命科学研究中的应用

生物芯片技术是国际上近年来发展起来的一门高新技术，本文对生物芯片技术的发展及其在生命保的应用进行了简要的讨论和评述，内容包括生物芯片的研究背景，基本概念、制作原理及其在生命科学研究中的应用，国内外发展状况，未来展望等五个方面。     

基于DSP＆CPLD的便携式振动信号处理系统

为了更准确方便地诊断设备运行特性,结合FFT和小波分析原理设计了一种基于DSP＆CPLD的便携式振动信号处理系统。系统的硬件电路由信号调理电路、数据采集处理模块和外围电路等组成,其软件部分由主程序模块、数据采集处理程序和LCD显示程序等组成,能够实时采集振动信号,显示并存储静态特性、振动波形和频谱等数据。     

器官芯片的制备及生物医学工程应用

器官芯片是在体外构建疾病(或正常)模型的一种新兴技术,近几年受到科研工作者和医务人员的广泛关注.相比构建模型的传统方法,具有便携性、高通量、可模拟在体微环境等优势,在研究疾病的发病机理、筛选药物等方面有着广阔的应用前景.本文介绍了器官芯片的发展历程,综述了器官芯片的主要结构及材料,通过分析现有器官芯片的结构,认为高度集...     

基于光诱导介电泳的微纳米生物粒子操纵平台关键技术

在分析介电泳的微纳米生物粒子操纵研究现状和存在问题基础上,研究了基于光诱导介电泳的微纳米生物粒子操纵的理论基础和建模仿真,给出了光诱导介电泳芯片在空间电场分布和不同高度介电泳力分布关系．在此基础上进行微操纵系统的核心部件——光电导层芯片的选材、制作工艺和性能分析测试,给出了悬浮液层分压和有效电压频谱关系图．最后,组合机器视觉检测与实时跟踪子系统,构建了基于光诱导介电泳的微纳米生物粒子操纵实验平台,完成了对微纳米生物粒子快速聚集、输运、分离等操纵实验,为建立以微流控芯片为基础的重大疾病的快速、准确、低成本的检测和早期诊断提供了基础．     

韩国开发出新一代超高速存储器芯片

韩国三星电子公司最近成功开发新一代超高速存储器芯片“XDRDRAM”,并将投入批量生产。据《韩国经济新闻》报道,这款芯片是目前动态随机存储器(DRAM )芯片中速度最快的。它的运算速度达到每秒3.2千兆位(Gbps) ,即一个芯片每秒可以传送1万本30 0页厚的书的全部内容。与同类普通超高速半导体芯片相比,“XDRDRAM”芯片的运算速度要快4倍。三星电子公司的“XDRDRAM”新一代芯片采用了单系统线路,既具有新一代超高速存储器芯片的技术特点,又能降低生产成本。三星电子公司计划在今年年底将这款芯片投入批量生产韩国开发出新一代超高速…     

未来芯片技术发展态势分析

半导体集成电路是现代信息产业的基石,但主导其发展的摩尔定律正遭遇物理学和经济学双重限制,致使传统的硅基电子技术临近发展极限,亟需采用新型芯片技术推动未来信息产业持续蓬勃发展。各国政企积极布局一系列未来芯片技术,抢占国际半导体技术战略制高点。本文梳理了一批主要未来芯片技术,剖析了这些芯片技术的当前发展现状、所处的成熟度阶段和市场应用前景。最后,对我国未来芯片技术的发展提出了建议,以期为我国相关研究工作提供参考。具体建议包括制定未来芯片技术发展规划,打破国外垄断格局;梯次推进未来芯片技术发展,平衡新技术发展面临的机遇与风险;重点推动存内计算技术研发和商业化,缓解我国芯片技术卡脖子问题。     

基于单片机及USB接口数据采集系统的设计

从工程角度出发,介绍了一种数据采集存储系统的设计方法,采用单片机为微处理器,PHILIPS公司生产的PDIUSBD12为USB接口控制芯片,给出了该系统的电路硬件设计与软件的实现方法。解决了传统数据采集系统可靠性差、操作繁琐、采样速度低、成本高的缺点,可作为一种新型的数据采集存储系统。     

计算机产业的核心技术随想

本文主要从现代科学技术发展的四个特征出发,讨论了计算机产业的核心技术－芯片技术,以及中国硅谷与国际竞争问题。     

热管的电子设备冷却技术

电子设备的高热流密度使得其散热问题日益突出,热管以其优良的传热性能,越来越受到电子设备热设计者的青睐。本文论述了热管在芯片中的冷却技术,认为热管在电子设备冷却中具有很大的潜力和优势,展望了热管冷却技术在电子设备冷却中的发展和热管在机栽电子设备冷却技术中的应用前景。     

便携式生命探测仪的研究

生命的无损检测技术是以人体特性为基础,通过研究电磁波束照射人体而反射信号的波形规律,了解人体受到微动所调制而使得回波信号的某些参数的变化特性,从而提取出人体生命参数。描述了以DSP＆FPGA为核心构造的人体信号的探测装置的研究。通过回波的频率和相位特性分析,确定了生命信号检测系统的最佳参数。在此基础上设计了一套便携式生命探测仪,硬件系统主要由DSP处理器、LCD图形显示器、雷达电磁波单元等组成。软件系统由信号处理算法模块、显示模块、信号发射与接收模块等构成。     

Forecasting for the LCD monitor market

The TFT‐LCD (thin‐film transistor–liquid crystal display) industry is one of the key global industries with products that have high clock speed. In this research, the LCD monitor market is considered for an empirical study on hierarchical forecasting (HF). The proposed HF methodology consists of five steps. First, the three hierarchical levels of the LCD monitor market are identified. Second, several exogenously driven factors that significantly affect the demand for LCD monitors are identified at each level of product hierarchy. Third, the three forecasting techniques—regression analysis, transfer function, and simultaneous equations model—are combined to forecast future demand at each hierarchical level. Fourth, various forecasting approaches and disaggregating proportion methods are adopted to obtain consistent demand forecasts at each hierarchical level. Finally, the forecast errors with different forecasting approaches are assessed in order to determine the best forecasting level and the best forecasting approach. The findings show that the best forecast results can be obtained by using the middle‐out forecasting approach. These results could guide LCD manufacturers and brand owners on ways to forecast future market demands. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Can panel data really improve the predictability of the monetary exchange rate model?

A common explanation for the inability of the monetary model to beat the random walk in forecasting future exchange rates is that conventional time series tests may have low power, and that panel data should generate more powerful tests. This paper provides an extensive evaluation of this power argument to the use of panel data in the forecasting context. In particular, by using simulations it is shown that although pooling of the individual prediction tests can lead to substantial power gains, pooling only the parameters of the forecasting equation, as has been suggested in the previous literature, does not seem to generate more powerful tests. The simulation results are illustrated through an empirical application. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting with Micro Panels: The Case of Health Care Costs

Micro panels characterized by large numbers of individuals observed over a short time period provide a rich source of information, but as yet there is only limited experience in using such data for forecasting. Existing simulation evidence supports the use of a fixed‐effects approach when forecasting but it is not based on a truly micro panel set‐up. In this study, we exploit the linkage of a representative survey of more than 250,000 Australians aged 45 and over to 4 years of hospital, medical and pharmaceutical records. The availability of panel health cost data allows the use of predictors based on fixed‐effects estimates designed to guard against possible omitted variable biases associated with unobservable individual specific effects. We demonstrate the preference towards fixed‐effects‐based predictors is unlikely to hold in many practical situations, including our models of health care costs. Simulation evidence with a micro panel set‐up adds support and additional insights to the results obtained in the application. These results are supportive of the use of the ordinary least squares predictor in a wide range of circumstances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient use of information in the formation of subjective industry forecasts

The paper considers the use of information by a panel of expert industry forecasters, focusing on their information-processing biases. The panel forecasts construction output by sector up to three years ahead. It is found that the biases observed in laboratory experiments, particularly ‘anchoring’, are observable. The expectations are formed by adjusting the previous forecast to take new information into account. By analysing forecast errors it is concluded that the panel overweight recently released information and do not understand the dynamics of the industry. However, their forecasts, both short and long term, are better than an alternative econometric model, and combining the two sources of forecasts leads to a deterioration in forecast accuracy. The expert forecasts can be ‘de-biased’, and this leads to the conclusion that it is better to optimally process information sources than to combine (optimally) alternative forecasts.     

Forecasting with unbalanced panel data

This paper derives the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for an unbalanced panel data model. Starting with a simple error component regression model with unbalanced panel data and random effects, it generalizes the BLUP derived by Taub (Journal of Econometrics, 1979, 10, 103–108) to unbalanced panels. Next it derives the BLUP for an unequally spaced panel data model with serial correlation of the AR(1) type in the remainder disturbances considered by Baltagi and Wu (Econometric Theory, 1999, 15, 814–823). This in turn extends the BLUP for a panel data model with AR(1) type remainder disturbances derived by Baltagi and Li (Journal of Forecasting, 1992, 11, 561–567) from the balanced to the unequally spaced panel data case. The derivations are easily implemented and reduce to tractable expressions using an extension of the Fuller and Battese (Journal of Econometrics, 1974, 2, 67–78) transformation from the balanced to the unbalanced panel data case.     

Modifying quantitative forecasts of livestock production using expert judgments: An application to the australian lamb industry

The judgmental modification of quantitative forecasts has become increasingly adopted in the production of agricultural commodity outlook information. Such modifications allow current period information to be incorporated into the forecast value, and ensure that the forecast is realistic in the context of current industry trends. This paper investigates the potential value of this approach in production forecasting in the Australian lamb industry. Several individual and composite econometric models were used to forecast a lamb-slaughtering series with a selected forecast being given to a panel of lamb industry specialists for consideration and modification. The results demonstrate that this approach offers considerable accuracy advantages in the short-term forecasting of livestock market variables, such as slaughtering, whose values can be strongly influenced by current industry conditions.     

Mapping the antigenicity of copper-treated cellular prion protein with the scrapie isoform

When recombinant and cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) binds copper, it acquires properties resembling the scrapie isoform (PrP(Sc)), namely protease resistance, detergent insolubility and increased beta sheet content. However, whether the conformations of PrP(C) induced by copper and PrP(Sc) are similar has not been studied in great detail. Here, we use a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies to decipher the epitopes on full-length mouse PrP(C) that are affected by exogenous copper, and to compare the antigenicity of the copper-treated full-length PrP(C) with the full-length PrP(Sc) present in scrapie-infected mouse brains. In the presence of copper, we found that epitopes along residues 115-130 and 153-165 become more accessible on PrP(C). These regions correspond to the two beta sheet strands in recombinant PrP and they were proposed to be important for prion conversion. However, when we compared the antibody-binding patterns between full-length PrP(C) with full-length PrP(Sc) and between copper-treated full-length PrP(C) with full-length PrP(Sc), antibody binding to residues 143-155 and 175-185 was consistently increased on PrP(Sc). Collectively, our results suggest that copper-treated full-length PrP(C) does not resemble full-length PrP(Sc), despite acquiring PrP(Sc)-like properties. In addition, since each full-length protein reacts distinctively to some of the antibodies, this binding pattern could discriminate between PrP(C) and PrP(Sc).     

Small,novel proteins from the mistletoe <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoradendron tomentosum</Emphasis> exhibit highly selective cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cells

Four novel proteins (phoratoxins C–F) have been isolated from the North American mistletoe Phoradendron tomentosum. The amino acid sequences of these phoratoxins were determined unambiguously using a combination of Edman degradation and trypsin enzymatic digestion, and by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry sequencing. Phoratoxins C, E and F consist of 46 amino acid residues; and phoratoxin D of 41. All proteins had six cysteines, similar to the earlier described phoratoxins A and B, which are thionins. The cytotoxicity of each protein was evaluated in a human cell line panel that represented several cytotoxic drug-resistance mechanisms. For the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀ values) of the different cell lines in the panel, correlation with those of standard drugs was low. The most potent cytotoxic phoratoxin C was further tested on primary cultures of human tumor cells from patients. The solid tumor samples from breast cancer cells were 18 times more sensitive to phoratoxin C than the tested hematological tumor samples. Received 30 September 2002; received after revision 28 October 2002; accepted 7 November 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.