高密度互连(HDI)印制电路板技术现状及发展前景

随着电子设备向轻薄短小、高性能、多功能的方向发展以及电子组装技术的进步,用于电子元器件互连的印制电路板产品从通孔插装技术(THT)阶段全面走上了表面安装技术(SMT)阶段,走向了芯片级封装(CSP)阶段,并正逐步走向系统级封装(SIP)阶段。一个以导通孔微小化和导线精细化等为主导的新一代HDI板产品已经在PCB业界筹划、建立和发展起来了,并将成为下一代印制电路板的主流。本文对HDI板定义,特点,关键技术,应用以及目前发展状况进行了综述。     

State space trend-cycle decomposition of the ARIMA(1,1,1) process

It has been common practice to decompose an integrated time series into a random walk trend and a stationary cycle using the state space model. Application of state space trend-cycle decomposition, however, often results in a misleading interpretation of the model, especially when the observability of the state space model and the redundant relationships among the model parameters are not properly considered. In this study, it is shown that spurious trend-cycle decomposition, discussed by Nelson (1988), results from an unobservable state space model, and the usual assumption of independent noise processes in the model results in parameter redundancy. Equivalence relationships for the ARIMA(1,1,1) process and the state space model consisting of a random walk trend and an AR(1) cycle, where the noise processes of the trend and of the cycle are generally correlated, are also derived. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

One-sided Simultaneous Prediction Intervals for AR(1) and MA(1) Processes with Exponential Innovations

This paper is concerned with the determination of simultaneous confidence regions for some types of time series models. We derive recursive formulas which allow the determination of the probability for an AR(1) stationary process based on exponential inputs to lie under any sequence of constants during N steps. Also, probabilities of the same form are derived for an MA(1) process, based on an exponentially distributed white noise. Numerical results are obtained and comparison of prediction regions for different values of ϕ or θ is made. The results show how the use of the correlation structure of the models can reduce the confidence regions area. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川西箭竹群落生态学研究

箭竹是大熊猫的主食竹，主要分布在亚高山地带，是亚高山森林下层重要的优势层片。对箭竹生态学研究主要集中在种群结构、生长、更新、生物生产力、繁殖特性及其在亚高山森林系统水土保持、养分平衡等生态功能发挥中的作用等几方面。而有关箭竹层片对整个森林生态系统养分循环动态过程和机理、箭竹种群生活史动态格局、开花机理、人为干扰下箭竹群落及森林群落更新的过程等方面的研究相对滞后。建议加强箭竹层片在亚高山针叶林生态系统结构和养分循环动态过程中的作用，箭竹克隆生长过程与森林群落更新过程的互动机理、箭竹种群生活史过程中养分源库动态、人为干扰下箭竹克隆种群更新过程与森林更新过程互动等方面的研究。     

升高CO2浓度和温度对针叶林的影响以及在川西亚高山针叶林研究中的展望

以CO2浓度和温度升高为主要特征的全球气候变化受到了世界各国科学家们的普遍关注。目前已经有大量关于森林生态系统对全球变化响应的研究报道和综述性文章,涉及分子、生理生态、种群和群落生态以及区域和全球尺度等微观和宏观领域的研究内容,因而要想对森林生态系统对全球变化的响应研究进行全面的综述是相当困难的。因此,本文只简要评述了森林生态系统对升高CO2浓度和温度响应研究中的诸如CO2浓度和温度升高对森林生长和生产力的影响、森林生态系统物种组成和多样性对升高CO2浓度和温度的响应、植被变化与全球碳循环的互动以及气候变化与森林生态系统生物地球化学循环的关系等几个热点问题。川西亚高山针叶林区为我国的第二大林区,地处高山峡谷地带,是全球变化的敏感地带。相对简单的植物群落结构、较低的物种丰富度和多样性、巨大的冷冻土壤碳库、不同演替阶段和功能的植物群落组合以及分布于林线附近的邻接效应等为研究针叶林系统对升高CO2浓度和温度的响应提供了良好的天然实验室。针叶林生产力、植物群落物种组成和多样性以及土壤碳氮过程等对升高CO2浓度和温度的响应对于预测未来气候变化下针叶林系统的生态过程具有重要意义。     

发达国家（地区）技术布局、产业规划研究对我国战略性新兴产业选择的启示

通过梳理、研究世界主要发达国家（地区）近几年技术布局、产业规划的特征及方法,分析提出各地方在配合国家战略性新兴产业选择、推进各自新兴产业领域的过程中值得借鉴的发展思路,并对可能产生的新兴产业选择误区提出警示.     

澳大利亚稻作技术研发与推广模式

稻作技术的研发与推广是我国水稻发展面临的重要问题之一。本文介绍了澳大利亚水稻生产现状,阐述了水稻标准化技术(Ricecheck)的发展及其八项关键技术的组成与推广模式,其推广经验对我国稻作的发展有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

Effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti_(26.5)Cr_(20)V_(45)Fe_(8.5)Ce_(0.5) alloy

In this paper,the effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti26.5 Cr20V45Fe8.5Ce0.5 alloy were studied,respectively.First of all,effects of Si on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Ti26.5Cr20(V45Fe8.5)1-xSixCe0.5(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 at%)alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and P-C isotherm measurements.As the Si addition increases,the hydrogen absorption capacities of alloys decrease but the equilibrium pressure incre...     

Criteria for permissible browse impact on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in mountain forests

Summary A naturally regenerated young-growth in the Buchser Hochwald area in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, was used to determine the silviculturally permissible browsing limit for sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). The investigated area is situated at an altitude ranging from 1280 to 1310 m a.s.l. on anAbieti-Fagetum typicum site. Browsing was done by red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). A total of 57 sycamore maples, 1.30 m high, were examined. The actual browse impact on these plants was assessed by determining the frequency of browsing marks on the stem axis. To this end, the plants were cut into sections of 5 cm each and then split radially. On this basis it was possible to calculate permissible shares of browsed plants for four different size categories between 0.10 and 1.30 m. The permissible share of plants with two or more visible browsing marks on the stem axis amounted to 37.8% as an average value for the total risk period. This corresponds to a quota of 26.9% browsed terminal shoots per annum.