BCC Nb-Mo合金系DO_3-和B2-型有序和无序合金性质的研究

本文依据系统合金科学的思想,推导了适合BCC体系的二元合金相互作用方程,然后根据Nb-Mo合金系中特征原子和特征晶体序列的基本信息及特征原子浓度,计算了DO3-Nb3Mo型,B2-NbMo型和DO3-NbMo3型有序合金和无序合金的性质,趋近计量比时有序合金比无序合金的性质变化大,偏离计量比时性质变化小,主要是由于有序度在计量成分时最大,偏离计量成分开始线性下降,反之,原子之间成键电子增多,近自由电子减少,键距缩短,晶体结合更紧密.     

MF—TDMA宽带多媒体通信卫星系统无线资源分配的研究与设计

文章介绍了MF—TDMA宽带多媒体通信卫星系统无线资源分配的工作模式，对工作于该模式下的First fit和RCP fit算法进行了分析，并在算法中加入了进行卫星通信需要的相关限制条件，而后进行了仿真比较，得出了加入限制条件的RCP fit算法在减少系统碎片方面的优越性；根据加入限制条件的RCP fit算法的基本思想和加入的限制条件，为MF—TDMA宽带多媒体通信卫星系统设计了一个基于加入限制条件的RCP fit算法的资源分配程序，实现了在MF—TDMA宽带多媒体通信卫星系统中进行高效的资源分配的目的。     

车用燃料发展趋势对煤液化的影响（一）机动车尾气排放标准对车用燃料发展的影响

本文根据机动车尾气排放标准的现状和发展趋势以及车用燃料的发展现状,从能源、社会、经济和环境这一大系统综合统筹考虑,提出在不同的地区和阶段时期,机动车燃料有不同的发展方向,渐进性地实现机动车清洁化和绿色化的要求。     

AWGN信道中载波频偏影响下的PCC-OFDM系统性能分析

载波频率偏差（CFO）会破坏正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中子载波间的正交性，从而产生子载波间干扰（ICI）．基于多项式抑制编码（PCC）的OFDM系统（PCC—OFDM）可以增强其对CFO的鲁棒性，从两方面分析AWGN信道中CFO对PCC—OFDM系统的性能影响：一是反应信号功率损失的平均信号功率与ICI功率之BB（CIR）或者平均的ICI功率；二是CFO影响下的系统SER和BER性能．首先给出了平均CIR和ICI功率闭式解的表达式．结果表明，CIR和ICI功率只取决于归一化频偏而与系统子载波数无关．其次，研究了CFO影响下PCC—OFDM系统在采用BPSK，QPSK，8-PSK和16-QAM调制符号时的SER性能及其采用Gray映射时的BER性能．利用Beaulieu序列的性质，SER和BER性能都可以根据ICI的特征函数精确地表达成无穷级数的和．     

芦苇沼泽湿地蒸散发分离量测方法及应用研究

基于补偿原理,结合湿地环境和植被生长特点,研究开发了一种可对湿地垂向水分损失通量进行区分监测,并可同时测量多种湿地植被状态蒸散量和水面蒸发量数据的蒸散补偿观测系统（CETOS）．2004—2009年,应用该系统对比研究了扎龙湿地和白洋淀湿地芦苇群落的蒸散耗水规律,其中在白洋淀湿地对比测量了三种具有不同叶面积指数的芦苇群落蒸散速率．结果显示,研究期内扎龙湿地芦苇生长季蒸散总量为739—886mrn,而由于地理条件和气候特性的影响,白洋淀湿地的芦苇蒸散量相对较大,三个群落蒸散总量分别为970～1117rnlIl,1261—1452mitt和1759—2035rtlnl．另外,研究中对两湿地蒸腾作用因子的季节变动特征和影响因素进行了分析,指出蒸腾作用因子受地理位置、生物量、植被生长阶段以及外界气象条件等多方面的制约．     

基于嵌入式技术的表面肌电信号数据采集系统的设计

介绍了一种基于嵌入式技术的数据采集系统的设计。该系统包括硬件和软件两部分。硬件主要由微处理器芯片SEP4020、前置放大处理电路、AD转换芯片、USB接口芯片等组成。软件采用操作系统μC／OS—II和虚拟仪器（VI）。在设计表面肌电信号前置放大处理电路时，对嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS—II的移植和虚拟仪器的结构进行了重点分析。结果表明，此数据采集系统具有很好的实时性，能够完成对信号的分析、处理、显示。     

机器人离线编程系统

机器人离线编程系统ROPS(Robt Off—1ine Programming System)是当前机器人研究领域最活跃最前沿的研究方向，因而引起了众多研究人员的注意。本文介绍了国内外机器人离线编程系统的发展现状，离线编程系统的构成及今后的发展趋势。     

迭代模型在空间项目地面系统的应用

为了解决传统的瀑布模型面对具有创新性和探索性的空间项目地面应用系统的不适应性问题,本文采用了基于RUP开发方法和分阶段发布策略的迭代模型,并将此方法应用到中方天文卫星(SVOM)科学应用系统中.通过将系统分成3个逐步演变且可以交付使用的系统,与卫星系统研制流程同步,实现地面系统在研制阶段的无缝连接和平滑过渡.同时通过对需求管理工作流程的定义,解决了在原型系统阶段需求识别的一大难题,使得研制工作更加高效合理,最大限度地支持卫星各阶段的定标和测试工作,实现天地同优.     

致密气藏裂缝岩心渗透率非稳态测试理论研究

准确评价致密气藏裂缝和基质系统渗透率对评价其可采储量和产能等方面具有重要意义.基于致密气藏裂缝岩心非稳态测试流动特征和物理模型,建立了裂缝岩心非稳态测试流动数学模型,采用Laplace变换和Stehfest数值反演,得到了上游和下游腔室的无因次拟压力解和特征曲线,分析了不同参数对无因次拟压力特征曲线的影响.结果表明,裂缝岩心的非稳态渗流可划分为3个阶段:裂缝渗流阶段、基质渗流阶段和系统平衡阶段.在裂缝渗流阶段,裂缝渗透率越大,持续时间越短;裂缝孔隙度对该渗流阶段基本没有影响.在基质渗流阶段,基质渗透率越小,达到平衡所需时间越长;基质孔隙度越小,平衡系统压力越大.本文研究为评价致密气藏裂缝岩心属性提供一种评价方法.     

时滞线性系统Kalman滤波

研究时滞离散系统的线性最小均方差估计．针对具有即时观测和两个延迟观测的线性系统，通过构造重组新息序列，提出了时滞系统的Kalman滤波的一种新算法．其计算归结为三个与原系统有相同维数的标准Kalman滤波器．该方法具有很大的推广应用价值，可用来解决控制理论中一些疑难问题，如H∞固定时滞平滑估计，预演控制及时滞系统的H∞滤波和控制等．     

Inherent properties and statistics with individual particles in quantum mechanics

This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the distinctive features of quantum statistics are exclusively determined by the nature of the properties it describes. In particular, all statistically relevant properties of identical quantum particles in many-particle systems are conjectured to be irreducible, ‘inherent’ properties only belonging to the whole system. This allows one to explain quantum statistics without endorsing the ‘Received View’ that particles are non-individuals, or postulating that quantum systems obey peculiar probability distributions, or assuming that there are primitive restrictions on the range of states accessible to such systems. With this, the need for an unambiguously metaphysical explanation of certain physical facts is acknowledged and satisfied.     

Spasmin-like proteins in various ciliates revealed by antibody to purified spasmins ofCarchesium polypinum

Summary It was found that some ciliates,Stentor, Spirostomum andBlepharisma, which can contract rapidly like the stalks of Vorticellidae, have Ca²⁺-binding proteins that are very similar to spasmins, in the immunological sense. The presence of spasmins in other Protozoa and in some Metazoa was also investigated.     

Partial sequence of the gene for a serine protease from a halophilic archaeumhaloferax mediterranei R4, and nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from several halophilic archaea

A part of the gene coding for a halophilic serine protease from a halophilic archaeumHaloferax mediterranei R4 was amplified by PCR and its 672 nucleotide sequence was determined. Tentative translation to the amino acid sequence suggested that the enzyme was quite similar to halolysin produced by another halophilic archaeum strain 172P1. Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from 9 halophilic archaea were determined. Alignment of 19 sequences known so far showed that there are more than 20 positions carrying bases or deletions specific for each halobacterial genus:Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, andHalococcus.     

Endorcine cells producing regulatory peptides

Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.     

Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

Anthelmintic activity of a benzimidazoline compound in sheep by abomasal infusion

Summary In vitro and in vivo data on the benzimidazoline compound indicate anthelmintic potential when introduced directly into the abomasum.     

Cognition wars

In what kinds of physical systems can cognition be realized? There are currently competing answers among scientists and theorists of cognition. There are many plant scientists who maintain that cognition can be realized in plants. There are biological scientists who maintain that cognition is materially realized in bacteria. In this paper, I will present the basis for such claims and evaluate them and discuss the future for theories of the metaphysical basis of cognition in the cognitive sciences.     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

Mating attempts between the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), involve a common sex pheromone composition

It has been suggested that a common sex pheromone composition may account for interspecific sexual interactions observed with certain moths in the Arctiidae. In this study, it is demonstrated that the sex pheromones released by females of the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L., have similar activities and elute at the same retention time on analysis by coupled gas chromatography (GC)-electrophysiology with males from each species. Peak enhancement on GC, chiral GC and coupled GC-mass spectrometry using authentic compounds show that the sex pheromone for bothC. dominula andT. jacobaeae is (3Z,6Z,9S,10R)-9,10-epoxyheneicosa-3,6-diene.     

Phenology of fruit and leaf production by ‘strangler’ figs on Barro Colorado Island,Panamá

Summary Fruit and leaf initiation by 26 trees representing five stranglerFicus species in the subgenusUrostigma were monitored for 5–8 years in a seasonal lowland forest of central Panamá. Individual trees of each species initiated fruit in synchronized crops. High variation in the number of crops, intervals between crops and dates of crop initiation indicate that these species, like species in the subgenusPharmacosycea, initiate fruit crops the year around. Nevertheless, mean crop initiation dates for four of five species fell within the four-month dry season. Similarly, all species produced new leaf flushes throughout the year, however, mean leaf flush dates of all species fell within the first three months of the dry season.