滴流床反应器基于CFD的流体力学研究

基于流体力学模拟软件用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对滴流床反应器进行数值模拟。应用ansys模拟了反应器的轴向气含率、压力降、温度分布、气液相轴向速度分布等数据,依据参考资料结果及实验数据对模拟结果进行检验,得出滴流床反应器对核心温度比较敏感,气液分布器的有效设计十分关键。综合流体流动和反应的模拟计算结果,该文研究的滴流床反应器内流动及反应一整套的框架,从模型的建立、网格划分、运行计算、和后处理的过程已基本成型,可为今后利用非实验手段研究滴流床反应器的设计及学习提供先行和指导作用。     

Meteorological observations on Mount Everest in 2005

Mount Everest, the highest point on the Earth is often referred to as the earth’s third pole as such the place is relatively inaccessible and little is known about its meteorology. In April 2005, an automatic weather station was installed at the mountain’s North Col (6523 m a.s.l.). According to the observational 10-minute mean and daily records, the meteorological characteristics were analyzed. All the meteorological elements displayed obvious diurnal variations during May 1 to July 22, 2005. The monthly variation of daily meteorological elements on Mount Everest coincided with that on Dingri, the closest routine meteorological station, with the high correlation coefficients of 0.928, 0.877, 0.682, 0.755, 0.826 and 0.676 (n=83, p＜ 0.001) for mean temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, pressure and wind speed, respectively. Furthermore, the vertical mean gradient of temperature was above 0.6℃/100 m, especially for the daily maximum temperature. Most weather events on Mount Everest prominently appeared on the same day as those on Dingri, especially those from daily mean pressure, temperature and relative humidity with the cross-correlation coefficients of 0.673, 0.485 and 0.487 (n=83, p＜ 0.001), respectively. Some other weather events on Mount Everest lagged one-day behind those on Dingri. Furthermore, forecasting of the weather events on Mount Everest from pressure on Dingri was more reliable than those from the other meteorological elements. The conclusions are much important for research on meteorology and climate changes in the region.     

Meteorological observations on Mount Everest in 2005

Mount Everest,the highest point on the Earth is often referred to as the earth's third pole as such the place is relatively inaccessible and little is known about its meteorology.In April 2005,an automatic weather station was installed at the mountain's North Col(6523 m a.s.l.).According to the observational 10-minute mean and daily records,the meteorological characteristics were analyzed. All the meteorological elements displayed obvious diurnal variations during May 1 to July 22,2005.The monthly variation of daily meteo- rological elements on Mount Everest coincided with that on Dingri,the closest routine meteorological station,with the high correlation co- efficients of 0.928,0.877,0.682,0.755,0.826 and 0.676(n=83,p<0.001)for mean temperature,minimum temperature,max- imum temperature,relative humidity,pressure and wind speed,respectively.Furthermore,the vertical mean gradient of temperature was above 0.6℃/100 m,especially for the daily maximum temperature.Most weather events on Mount Everest prominently appeared on the same day as those on Dingri,especially those from daily mean pressure,temperature and relative humidity with the cross-correlation coeffi- cients of 0.673,0.485 and 0.487(n=83,p<0.001),respectively.Some other weather events on Mount Everest lagged one-day be- hind those on Dingri.Furthermore,forecasting of the weather events on Mount Everest from pressure on Dingri was more reliable than those from the other meteorological elements.The conclusions are much important for research on meteorology and climate changes in the region.     

关于记忆对人类动力学影响的讨论

通过考察Vázquez提出的人类动力学记忆模型,对Vázquez关于人类动力学记忆模型的时间间隔分布的正确性提出质疑.     

循环流化床上升段流体动力特性数值模拟

针对循环流化床上升管内气固两相流动,建立了Eulerian双流体模型,将离散的固体颗粒相看作是连续介质,建立颗粒相和气相的质量守恒、动量守恒及k-ε输运方程等模型,用Fluent软件作计算工具,对流化床上升段内的颗粒速度分布、颗粒浓度分布和床内压力分布等进行了二维数值模拟.计算结果表明:上升段存在固体颗粒浓度中心区域低、近壁面高的环核结构,固体颗粒在横截面上存在由核心区向环形区的内循环运动,在相同气流速度下,沿床高压降随循环物料的增加而变大.数值模拟的结果与 Prssinen的实验结果吻合良好,表明所建模型正确,数值计算结果可以有效地应用于预测实际装置性能和指导循环流化床的设计和运行.     

分析采取措施对性病传播动态的影响

对复杂网络上的性传播疾病模型进行了研究,利用李雅普诺夫函数,证明了基本再生数R₀决定系统的全局动力学性质.当R₀<1时,疾病灭绝;当R₀>1时,疾病持久存在,并且正平衡点是全局渐近稳定的.最后,通过数值模拟表明采取措施会减少性病的传播.     

The impact of specialized enemies on the dimensionality of host dynamics

Although individual species persist within a web of interactions with other species, data are usually gathered only from the focal species itself. We ask whether evidence of a species' interactions be detected and understood from patterns in the dynamics of that species alone. Theory predicts that strong coupling between a prey and a specialist predator/parasite should lead to an increase in the dimensionality of the prey's dynamics, whereas weak coupling should not. Here we describe a rare test of this prediction. Two natural enemies were added separately to replicate populations of a moth. For biological reasons that we identify here, the prediction of increased dimensionality was confirmed when a parasitoid wasp was added (although this increase had subtleties not previously appreciated), but the prediction failed for an added virus. Thus, an imprint of the interactions may be discerned within time-series data from component species of a system.     

冲击动力学中无网格法应用

无网格法是一种新兴发展的数值计算方法,作为有限元法的一种重要补充在冲击动力学领域得到了广泛的应用.本文从求解过程上对无网格法和有限元法进行了比对分析,针对SPH,RKPM,EFG3种典型无网格法的基本原理及其在冲击动力学方面的应用进行了阐述,并提出无网格法的发展方向.     

Analysis of rockfall and its impact on the cut-and-cover tunnel in dynamics

0IntroductionRockfall happens more often thanlandslide whichis big-ger in magnitude.It happens so frequently that peoplecan not avoid it and structures below are constantly undertheir threat.In1960s and1970s,rockfall causes enormousdeaths,economic losses.Therefore,as one of effective fencerules,cut-and-cover tunnel(CCT)is urgently needed.As constructions develop so fast and widely in mountainareas,disasters resulted fromrockfall become a crucial prob-lemandarouse more and more attentionineng…     

Microbial community structure in major habitats above 6000 m on Mount Everest

Bacterial abundance in surface snow between 6600 and 8000 m a.s.l. on the northern slope of Mt. Ev- erest was investigated by flow cytometry. Bacterial diversity in serac ice at 6000 m a.s.l., glacier melt- water at 6350 m, and surface snow at 6600 m a.s.l. was examined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library. Bacterial abundance in snow was higher than that in the Antarctic but similar to other mountain regions in the world. Bacterial abundance in surface snow increased with altitude but showed no correlation with chemical parameters. Bacteria in the cryosphere on Mt. Everest were closely related to those isolated from soil, aquatic environments, plants, animals, humans and other frozen environ- ments. Bacterial community structures in major habitats above 6000 m were variable. The Cyto- phaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) group absolutely dominated in glacial meltwater, while β-Proteobacteria and the CFB group dominated in serac ice, and β-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated in surface snow. The remarkable differences among the habitats were most likely due to the bacterial post-deposition changes during acclimation processes.