生态公益林不同树种光适应特征研究

于广东省东莞市植物园3个不同郁闭度处理的生态公益林改造样地,观测了18个树种光合响应曲线与生长量指标.并通过模型拟合求得其最大光合速率(Am)、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)以及表观量子产量(Φ)等光合参数以及它们之间的相关性,根据这些参数推断其喜光和耐荫性.最后将这些树种的光适应性归溪3大类:喜光类、喜光耐荫类和耐荫类.并根据这些树种的生长指标及其生物生态学特性,提出在进行生态公益林林分改造的树种选择时应注意的问题:一是根据不同林分选择相应的改造树种;二是依据群落动态演替规律进行树种配置.     

生态公益林改造树种在不同郁闭度林分中的光合作用与生长指标研究

在东莞市植物园3个不同郁闭度生态公益林改造试验样地中,观测了11个树种气体交换与生长量指标.结果表明:相似环境条件下,在郁闭度不同的造林林分中单叶净光合速率和气孔导度无显著差异,而蒸腾速率及水分利用效率则差异显著(P＜0.05),郁闭度越大,蒸腾速率越小,水分利用效率越高;不同郁闭度的造林方式对林分的树高、基径和树冠等生长量指标有显著影响(P＜0.05),郁闭度越大,生长量指标越小.不同树种的光合作用与生长量的数据拟合结果表明,光合速率与树种的生长量指标成显著正相关(P＜0.05).研究提示,在生态公益林的改造和营造过程中要注意两个问题:首先造林地选择和林分改造时疏伐的强度应充分注意林地的水湿条件对植物生长的影响;其次选择适宜光合能力的树种对林分改造的成败及其生态效果有重要影响.     

地被植物委蔓陵菜和东方草莓的耐荫性研究

选取两种地被植物为材料,对其耐荫性进行了定量和定性研究。结果表明蔓委陵菜在全光下、透光率50%、25%时的各项指标均表现良好,表明绢毛委陵菜对光的适应性广,是既耐荫又喜光性植物。东方草莓在全光下各项指标总体上均表现良好,与透光率50%、25%时的指标有差异,且差异较为显著。但是,从叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值、光饱和点及光补偿点等主要耐荫性生理指标上看,遮荫(50%)有利于其生长。表明东方草莓是喜光稍耐荫植物。     

热带雨林蒲桃属三个树种的幼苗由遮荫转入强光后叶片的光抑制

以热带雨林蒲桃属(Syzygium)不同演替阶段的3个树种思茅蒲桃(早期)、乌墨(中期)和阔叶蒲桃(后期)作为材料,通过测定在自然光和两种遮荫条件下(14％和42％自然光)的光合能力(Pmax)和色素含量,以及两种遮荫条件下3个树种移至全自然光下处理1d,研究它们叶片叶绿素荧光参数的日变化．结果表明,全光下思茅蒲桃和乌墨幼苗的P一比遮荫条件下的显著提高,阔叶蒲桃幼苗的光合能力却显著降低,并显著低于其它2个树种。全光下3个树种的Car含量和Car／Chl均高于生长在遮荫条件下同种植物,不同光强下阔叶蒲桃的Car／Chl高于乌墨和思茅蒲桃。一天中,全光下3个树种的凡一直上升,Fv／Fm下降,但在傍晚能够恢复到清晨的值,表明全光下3个树种通过PSI反应中心的可逆失活有效地防御了光破坏．而遮荫的3个树种转入全光后,Fo一直上升,Fv／Fm下降程度较大,在傍晚仍不能恢复,表明发生了光合机构的光破坏．虽然阔叶蒲桃的Car／Chl高于乌墨和思茅蒲桃,由遮荫转入强光后NPQ也上升较快,但其光合能力较低,一天中热耗散能力的增强仍不能有效消耗过剩的光能,导致对强光敏感,光抑制程度较乌墨和思茅蒲桃重,这与其耐荫性和演替状态是一致的。     

紫茉莉光合生理特性及其影响因子研究

自然条件下利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定紫茉莉（Mirabilis jalapa L.）的光合-光响应及CO2 响应数据;同时测定蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Cond）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）等光合参数,对生理因子和环境因子进行相关性分析.结果表明：由改进指数模型拟合得出紫茉莉的光合生理参数,其表明紫茉莉具有较强的耐荫性及净化空气的能力.相关性分析表明,环境因子中光合有效辐射（PAR）、大气CO2浓度及空气相对湿度（RH）和生理因子中胞间CO2浓度与气孔导度是影响紫茉莉光合作用的主要影响因子.因此,在栽培种植时,应采取遮阴或雾灌方式,提高光合作用效率.     

改造强度对更新树种树高、地径生长的影响研究

对两年生两向分组试验的调查结果表明,马尾松生态公益林不同的改造强度对更新树种产生不同程度的影响,改造强度对更新树种的地径、树高的影响不大,但对树种间的以及树种与改造强度的交互作用的影响均达到极显著水平,两两间大多呈显著差异,光皮桦30米宽、虎皮楠10米宽、火力楠10米宽的改造强度的配置取得较大成功,可以参考运用推广.     

巨尾桉与黧蒴栲、红锥光响应曲线的比较研究

【目的】通过对广西桂林灵田乡巨尾桉（Eucalyptus grandis×E．urophylla）、黧蒴栲（Castanopsis fiSSa）和红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）光合一光响应曲线研究,寻找高光效阔叶树种。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定各树种光响应曲线。【结果】当光合有效辐射（PAR）开始增强时,各树种问净光合速率（Pn）差异较小,但随着光合有效辐射强度的增加,不同树种问净光合速率出现较大的差异。各树种的净光合速率随着光合有效辐射升高达到最高点之后稳定。蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、水分利用效率（WUE）和CO2利用效率（CuE）对光合有效辐射的响应趋势与净光合速率相似,胞问CO：浓度、光能利用效率对光合有效辐射的相应趋势则与净光合速率相反。3个树种的净光合速率为3．975～20．800／μmol·m^2·s^1,巨尾桉最高,黧蒴栲最低。光补偿点和光饱和点都是巨尾桉最高,黧蒴栲最低。【结论】综合各指标和光响应变化规律,确定巨尾桉为优良的高光效阔叶树种,可在水分和光照条件好的地方适当推广。     

国槐、洋槐和香花槐的引种栽培技术总结

国槐、洋槐和香花槐同属于蝶形花科落叶乔木.洋槐为强阳性树种,喜光不耐庇荫,耐干旱瘠薄土壤,不耐水湿,耐烟尘.栽植时就要根据其习性选择适宜的土层和土质.     

AT试剂在茶树上的应用研究

茶树原产我国西南亚热带湿润季风气候区划,在系统发育过程中,逐渐形成耐荫、喜湿的生态特性,在个体发育中表现明显。茶树又是C_3植物,具有高光呼吸低光合速率的特性,且在丘陵地区的高温、强光和干旱影响下表现尤为突出,是限制丘陵茶产量与品质提高的生理因素。     

雌雄异株树种山杨、水曲柳和东北红豆杉光合特性对比

【目的】探究雌雄异株树种的光合生理生态特性,为正确评价其对环境的适应机制以及确定影响种群建成的因素提供理论参考。【方法】以野外成树为研究对象,通过Li-6400XT便携式光合作用测定仪对比分析了山杨(Populus davidiana)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)和东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)雌雄株叶片气体交换参数。【结果】3个树种整体上雌株光合特性优于雄株,雌雄株参数仅在山杨光补偿点(P_LCP)和最大羧化速率(C_E,max),水曲柳水分利用效率(E_WUE),东北红豆杉光饱和点(P_LSP)、光补偿点、羧化效率(C_E)和光呼吸速率(R_p)之间差异显著(P<0.05)。另外,雌株的叶性状指标并不低于雄株的。【结论】3个树种雌株较优的光合特性可能存在获取资源的补偿机制,以同时满足营养生长和生殖生长的生存需求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that