泥石流堆积区粒度分布及分形结构特征

为研究泥石流堆积物粒度分布及分形结构特征,通过对泥石流堆积区现场调查和颗粒分析试验,采用统计图解法和粒度分维法分析泥石流堆积区堆积特征、粒度分形结构特征及与颗粒级配的关系。结果表明:泥石流堆积区具有集中性的特点;泥石流堆积区颗粒具有很好的分形特征,堆积区中右侧分维值均值与堆积区分维值均值接近;泥石流堆积形成由晚至早分维值逐渐减小;堆积物土粒大小级配连续性较好,分维值与不均匀系数和曲率系数均呈正相关。可见泥石流堆积区粒度的相关研究对研究泥石流形成机理及指导泥石流防治具有重要的意义。     

降雨-干燥交替作用下泥质岩耐崩解性试验研究

泥质岩在自然界频繁的降雨-干燥交替作用下发生崩解,从而引发一系列地质灾害。为了进一步研究泥质岩的崩解特性,采用自行设计的试验装置模拟自然界中降雨的实际环境,对江西省赣南地区的泥质岩制成4种不同块度的试样,开展干湿循环作用下的室内崩解试验研究。结果表明:不同粒径百分含量关系曲线呈现出3种变化趋势,随着循环次数的增加,不同粒径百分含量不断减小、先增大后减小以及不断增大;在试样各粒组百分含量关系曲线中,不同循环次数条件下,曲线都存在一个明显的峰值,且基本呈先增加后减小的变化趋势;在峰值前,随着循环次数的增加,曲线的位置逐渐向下移动;而在峰值后,随着循环次数的增加,曲线的位置则逐渐的向上移动。块度较大的泥质岩崩解后各粒组累计百分含量与粒径的关系曲线呈"S"形,而块度较小的泥质岩崩解后则为双曲线形。随着干湿循环次数的不断增加,泥质岩崩解物各粒组累计百分含量关系曲线逐渐向着较小粒径的方向整体发生移动;各曲线之间的空隙不断减小,最后基本重合,反映出泥质岩的崩解速率逐渐减小且最后趋于稳定。推导了基于优化级配方程的相对耐崩解性指数,并验证了模型的正确性。随着试样块度的不断增大,其耐崩解性指数与相对耐崩解性指数均不断减小。     

藏东南帕隆藏布流域波密县城至索通泥石流堆积扇形成的制约因素与特征

藏东南帕隆藏布流域波密县城至索通村段泥石流灾害频发,河谷两岸形成众多差异明显的泥石流堆积扇,深入研究泥石流堆积扇形成的影响因素对于泥石流灾害的防御具有重要的意义.基于野外现场调查,结合高精度遥感影像解译和1∶50 000地形图,圈定出帕隆藏布流域波密县城至索通村处36条泥石流堆积扇的范围,并总结研究区泥石流堆积扇分布规律:以古乡为分界,古乡以西至波密县城段泥石流堆积扇的密集程度和面积都比古乡以东至索通村段大;在帕隆藏布南北岸上,北岸发育的泥石流堆积扇面积明显比南岸大,且著名的古乡泥石流沟就发育在北岸.在此基础上统计并分析流域面积和主沟纵坡降与泥石流堆积扇的关系:对于帕隆藏布流域,堆积扇面积与流域面积和主沟纵坡降之间存在指数关系,堆积扇面积总体上随流域面积的增大而增大,而随主沟纵坡降的增大而减小.分析堆积区特征中的可容纳空间和主河能量对堆积扇的影响,堆积扇可容纳空间和主河能量分别对堆积扇有限制和破坏作用.     

欢喜岭地区沙三段大凌河油层近岸水下扇沉积特征

辽河坳陷西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙三段大凌河油层主要为一套近岸水下扇的陆相断陷湖盆沉积.根据岩性组合特征、沉积序列和测井等特征,可以划分出扇根、扇中和扇端3个亚相.对欢喜岭地区大凌河油层近岸水下扇体的沉积构造、粒度概率曲线、重矿物以及电性等特征进行了详细的分析,结果显示在扇中亚相和扇端亚相识别出扇根主河道、扇中分流水道微相、扇中水道间微相、扇中前缘微相和扇端席状砂微相5个沉积微相.受基底构造和主干断层断裂坡折带的控制,近岸水下扇在平面上具有分带性,沉积砂体平面呈扇状展布,砂体延伸较远,砂层厚度较大,沉积砂体属近源快速堆积型,垂向上由多个叠置的近岸水下扇扇体组成.     

云南大理盆地隐仙溪冲积扇沉积结构特征

隐仙溪扇体发育于大理盆地洱海西岸点苍山山前,扇体扇面坡度差别较大,内扇为10°,中扇6°,外扇2°,纵剖面呈下凹的楔形。通过野外观测及室内分析,将扇体沉积物划分为混杂堆积泥石相、无泥质砂砾石相、筛状沉积相和漂砾相,并对扇体不同亚相沉积物粒度分布特征进行对比分析,深入探讨了扇体沉积物粒度变化规律。认为其具有自内扇向外扇呈辐射状减小的趋势,且在根部粒度递减率高,向外递减率逐渐变低,这一变化规律可用对数函数曲线进行较好的拟合。为认识冲积扇储层砂体的空间构型及三维储层建模提供了依据     

湖平面变化对扇三角洲发育影响的模拟试验

通过水槽试验模拟扇三角洲的形成过程,考察湖平面变化对扇三角洲发育的影响.试验结果表明:湖平面上升期扇面以片流沉积为主,分流河道不明显;湖平面稳定期扇面分流河道侧向侵蚀作用较强,改道频繁,底砾层在剖面上呈倾斜的月牙状杂乱分布;湖平面下降期扇面分流河道数量少且发育稳定,下切作用明显,剖面上底砾层为平行下凹的月牙形;随着湖平面由上升至稳定再至下降,扇三角洲垂向加积程度减弱、侧向进积程度增强,扇体厚度减薄、范围扩大,扇缘由圆滑弧形变为不规则弧形,扇面粒度分布差异性亦明显减小.     

东濮凹陷白庙地区沙三段重力流沉积的研究

本文论述了东濮凹陷白庙地区沙三段重力流沉积成形的条件、层序特征、水下扇的时空变迁和砂体展布。认为本区沙三段时期满足重力流的形成条件,主要表现在六个方面:(1)干旱-半干旱的气候环境有利于母岩的机械风化和山洪的形成;(2)母岩的组合及其产状容易发生机械破碎,形成泥石流;(3)盆地边缘地形高差悬殊;(4)高密度的水下泥石流;(5)堆积速率大;(6)水深位于半深湖以下。重力流沉积(湖底扇)的垂向层序特点是:扇推进式层序发育,但都不完整,而主水道单独出现。构造运动控制着湖水的深浅和范围,也控制着水下扇的时空变迁;伴随着沙三段构造活动的弱→强→弱变化,水下扇的变迁也显示出一个周期,即推进→后退→推进。而扇的分布又明显地控制了砂体的展布,决定着湖底扇砂体呈扇形(平面)或楔形和透镜状(剖面)。     

雅砻江纤维沟泥石流特征及工程影响评价

纤维沟为雅砻江中游左岸发育的一级支沟,处于深切高山峡谷区,地形坡度陡,沟内岩体风化卸荷严重,崩滑物源沿沟堆积,加之较为丰富的暴雨,使该沟具备泥石流暴发的条件.若纤维沟暴发泥石流,将对沟口扇地卡杨二级公路以及拟建水电站大坝砂石混凝土加工场地产生直接影响.在阐述纤维沟泥石流发育历史的基础上,详细分析其汇水—物源区、流通区和堆积区的特征,对泥石流静动力学参数进行计算,并对其工程影响做出相应评价.     

邛海山洪泥石流淤积特征与趋势分析

通过流域最典型支流官坝河山洪泥石流堆积特征调查,分析邛海泥沙淤积变化状况,探讨邛海山洪泥石流淤积特征以及发展趋势。结果表明,1950年以来,邛海泥沙淤积达到0.52×106 m3;山洪泥石流携带的泥沙堆积特征为粗颗粒(粒径2mm)沿沟床堆积,细颗粒大多被输移到邛海;山洪泥石流形成的堆积扇促使邛海湖岸线向湖心不断推进;邛海流域山洪泥石流潜入邛海湖底,形成浊流在湖底继续运动,形成湖底水下堤及冲沟,改变邛海湖底地形。在强地震和强降雨等多因素的偶然联合作用下,邛海流域可能会发生大规模的山洪泥石流。     

强震区典型窄陡沟道型泥石流发育特征

针对汶川强震区5条典型窄陡沟道型泥石流进行实地勘察。通过室内颗分试验、激光衍射粒度分析试验、X射线衍射试验,分析了强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流的基本发育特征、堆积物颗粒级配和黏土矿物定量组成。结果表明：(1)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流典型发育特征除了地形地貌上的“窄”和“陡”外,震后松散物源量中崩滑物源和沟道堆积物源显著增多,动储量比例增大,造成强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流危险性显著提高。(2)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物固体颗粒级配分布范围较广,连续性较好。级配曲线不均匀系数均大于5,曲率系数在0.95~3之间,无缺失粒组;粒径小于0.075mm的粉粒含量均在0.5%以下,粒径小于0.005mm黏粒含量均在0.11%以下,不同沟道间差别较小。(3)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层三种黏土矿物组成,各自含量平均值分别为45.6%、38.8%、15.6%。伊利石和绿泥石总含量均超过75%,伊蒙混层含量均在25%以下。开展汶川强震区的典型窄沟型泥石流发育特征分析,对于地质灾害泥石流风险评估、监测预警和防控具有重要意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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