Polymer-supported membranes as models of the cell surface

Lipid-bilayer membranes supported on solid substrates are widely used as cell-surface models that connect biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to supported membranes. This results in sophisticated interfaces that can be used to control, organize and study the properties and function of membranes and membrane-associated proteins. Particularly exciting opportunities arise when these systems are coupled with advanced semiconductor technology.     

基于表面等离子体波共振技术的精密角度传感器

为解决纳米技术中体积紧凑、高分辨率的测角问题,分析了表面等离子体波共振(SPR)的相位和振幅特征,根据共振角附近SPR的相位对入射角的高度敏感性,提出了基于表面等离子体波共振原理进行微小角度测量的方法,它具有测量分辨率高和体积紧凑的优点。研制了实验装置并进行了测角实验,测量分辨率达1.4×10     

聚丙烯膜表面光接枝MBA的合成及研究

水性体系中,以二苯甲酮(BP)为引发剂,在商业聚丙烯(PP)微孔滤膜表面紫外光接枝了功能单体N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA).考察了紫外光照时间、单体浓度对接枝率的影响,通过FTIR和对水接触角的测量研究了膜的表面性能.结果表明:光照时间为90 min、单体浓度为0.1 mol.L-1时,接枝率达到最大值;FTIR的结果证明,MBA被成功接枝到了PP膜的表面,对水接触角随着接枝率的增加而减小,接枝改性后膜表面的亲水性有了很大提高.     

Stimulated platelets use serotonin to enhance their retention of procoagulant proteins on the cell surface.

Activated platelets bind numerous adhesive and procoagulant proteins by receptor-mediated processes. Although there is little evidence to suggest that these processes are heterogeneous in platelets, we previously found that platelets co-stimulated with collagen and thrombin express functional alpha-granule factor V only on a subpopulation of cells. Here we show that these cells, referred to as 'COAT-platelets', bind additional alpha-granule proteins, including fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, thrombospondin, fibronectin and alpha2-antiplasmin. These proteins are all transglutaminase substrates, and inhibitors of transglutaminase prevent the production of COAT-platelets. A synthetic transglutaminase substrate (CP15) also binds to COAT-platelets, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry shows that a product is formed with a relative molecular mass (Mr) equal to CP15 plus 176. Serotonin, an abundant component of platelet-dense granules, has an Mr of 176, and fibrinogen isolated from COAT-platelets contains covalently linked serotonin. Synthetic bovine serum albumin-(serotonin)6 binds selectively to COAT-platelets and also inhibits the retention of procoagulant proteins on COAT-platelets. These data indicate that COAT-platelets use serotonin conjugation to augment the retention of procoagulant proteins on their cell surface through an as yet unidentified serotonin receptor.     

盐水液滴在砂岩表面润湿性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究NaCl对水滴在砂岩表面的微观润湿行为的影响。结果表明:NaCl能降低水对砂岩表面的润湿程度,强亲水的砂岩表面随NaCl质量分数的增大向弱亲水转化;水的润湿角随NaCl质量分数的增加而增大,在NaCl质量分数大于19.6%时则几乎不发生变化;粒子间的结合能垒远大于解离能垒,引起水分子聚集在Na+、Cl-周围而增强了盐水液滴的聚集能力,导致润湿角的增大;砂岩表面对水的相互作用能随着NaCl质量分数的增加而减少,但在质量分数大于19.6%时吸附能的变化不大,与润湿角的变化趋势一致。     

Experimental simulation of model platelet adhesion to a semi-permeable wall exposed to flow disturbance

A sudden tubular expansion with a semipermeable wall was constructed from a tubular dialysis membrane to investigate the effects of rdtration flow and flow disturbance on particle deposition. The expansion was perfused with a dilute, neutrally buoyant suspension of 1.10μm diameter polystyrene latex spheres (as models of platelets) in Tris buffer solution containing 10% Dextran T70 and 2% bovine serum albumin. The results showed that adhesion of particles correlated positively with the filtration rate and inversely with the wall shear rate. In the vortex flow region distal to the expansion, particle adhesion was significantly elevated with a maximum at the reattachment point where the wall shear rate was the lowest and particles were constantly carried toward the vessel wall along the curved streamlines. In conclusion, rdtration flow has a profound impact on the interaction of blood cells such as platelets with blood vessel walls, and the disturbed flow with a low wall shear rate can enhance the deposits of platelet thrombi to the vessel wall.     

吸附诱导表面应力的分子动力学模拟

应用分子动力学方法结合镶嵌原子势,模拟研究了同质吸附Cu/Cu(100)和异质吸附Al/Ni(100)纳米薄膜中的吸附诱导表面应力.结果表明吸附原子对表面应力的影响主要源于两种原子间的相互作用;吸附原子和底物表面原子的结合将导致底物表面原子之间的化学键的强度减弱和平衡键长增加,从而导致表面压应力增加;吸附原子之间的相互作用也导致表面应力的变化,吸附原子间的吸引作用导致表面拉应力,而排斥作用导致表面压应力.这两种原子间相互作用所引起的表面应力与吸附原子的密度密切相关,吸附原子与底物表面原子的结合所引起的表面应力的大小与吸附原子的密度成线性关系,而吸附原子间的相互作用所引起的表面应力与吸附原子密度间呈非单调的依赖关系.     

高产琥珀酸菌株的等离子体诱变选育

以谷氨酸棒杆菌作为原始出发菌株,通过常压室温等离子体诱变技术,确定高产琥珀酸等离子体诱变的物理参数和最佳诱变条件,采用在培养基中添加溴甲酚紫作为酸碱指示剂的方法,测定发酵液前后在波长590 nm处的吸光值,高通量筛选出在该波长处吸光值变化较大的突变株.结果表明:在诱变菌株的存活率为8％的条件下获得的突变株的正突变率达到22％.用40 g/L的葡萄糖对突变株进行摇瓶分批发酵,筛选得到诱变菌E7产琥珀酸15.6 g/L,乳酸22.8 g/L,该菌具备良好的产琥珀酸与有机酸的能力.     

QCM对牙釉基质蛋白在牙釉质表面的吸附行为

目的:通过石英晶体微天平技术在牙釉质表面吸附牙釉基质蛋白,进而研究牙釉质表面对不同质量浓度蛋白吸附性能的影响。方法:在石英晶片上制备牙釉质膜,将其分别浸入10、20、40μg/mL质量浓度的牙釉基质蛋白溶液;通过共振频率、耗散因子、吸附量随质量浓度的变化关系,得出牙釉基质蛋白吸附的规律。结果:共振频率随质量浓度的提高而降低;吸附量随质量浓度的提高稳定的增长;结论:在20μg/mL的蛋白溶液中,牙釉质表面吸附蛋白的成膜刚性较好。石英晶体微天平技术对牙釉基质蛋白吸附机理的研究显得更直观,是研究蛋白吸附行为的有效工具。