具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

英语同义词特点之初探

就英语同义词在语义上的不同、感情色彩上的不同、语体色彩上的不同、词汇搭配上的不同、语法功能上的不同、不同国家选词上的不同等六个方面进行论述。     

和谐--最高的审美理想

和谐是中国人最高的审美理想，其表现是：认为美存在于和谐之中，美的本质是和谐；追求人与自然的和谐，把“天人合一”作为最高的审美境界；追求和谐的社会关系，要求人与社会的关系和谐，要使家庭和谐，要使人与人之间的关系和谐；追求和谐的艺术，认为艺术的本质是和谐，艺术的作用是对人的心理与社会进行调节，使人的心理与社会关系和谐，文艺作品追求和谐的美。     

魔芋在不同土壤环境条件的含硒量

通过分析从湖北恩施采集的野外魔芋样品和2种土壤加硒盆栽实验的魔芋样品的含硒量,研究魔芋在不同土壤环境中的含硒量、富硒特征及其影响因素.结果表明,随采样点不同,野外魔芋样品的含硒量不同,魔芋球茎和茎叶的最高含硒量为5.58和13.04μg g-1,并与土壤含硒量呈极显著的线性相关,茎叶含硒量高于球茎.盆栽实验条件下,魔芋含硒量与土壤施硒量呈极显著的线性相关,魔芋球茎和茎叶最高含硒量在潮土中为55.6和76.8μg g-1,在红壤中为14.5和21.4μg g-1,茎叶的含硒量显著高于球茎,潮土魔芋的含硒显著高于红壤.魔芋对土壤硒的生物富集系数均表现为茎叶高于球茎,潮土魔芋的生物富集系数高于红壤,土壤施硒的富集系数高于天然含硒土.总之,魔芋能吸收利用天然富硒土和施人到土壤中的硒,土壤类型和土壤硒水平是影响魔芋含硒的关键因素,土壤施硒的有效性高于天然含硒土,潮土施硒的有效性高于红壤.     

安徽省部分城市敬老院体育发展现状及对策分析

通过对安徽省部分城市敬老院调查,研究城市敬老院体育发展状况,并提出对策.运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法研究安徽省城市敬老院体育发展状况.结果表明安徽省城市敬老院老人参加体育活动动机多样,但以增进健康、抵抗疾病、改善情绪和消磨时间为主.安徽省城市敬老院老人参加文体活动形式多元化,但老年女性参加体育活动的比例高于老年男性.不知道如何锻炼和没有合适的场地和设施是阻碍安徽省敬老院老人参加体育活动的主要原因.因此应加强健康教育,提高敬老院老人体育锻炼健身意识,增加敬老院社会体育指导员数量,加大敬老院体育活动场地和适合老年人健身活动的器材设施.     

饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道冬季停输温降

建立了饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道在低于冰点环境温度下的停输流动和传热模型，该模型不仅考虑土壤水分结冰和管内原油凝固相变过程与初始温度场和流场的影响，而且考虑了水分在土壤多孔介质中和管内原油的自然对流。通过数值模拟，获得了停输期间温度场、流场以及土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面的分布情况。结果表明，停输期间越靠近管壁正上方的土壤，其温度梯度越大；受温度分布的影响，土壤水分和管内原油产生沿y轴对称线自下而上的自然对流；土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面随停输时间向埋深方向推进，管道顶部土壤中的结冰界面推进速度较远离管道土壤中的结冰界面缓慢，管内原油凝固界面也向埋深方向偏移。     

尼罗罗非鱼在淡、海水中Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性变化

用ATPase活性测试盒测定了尼罗罗非鱼鳃和肾中Na+-K+-ATPase活性在海、淡中的变化.从淡水到海水中,尼罗罗非鱼鳃和肾Na+-K+-ATPase活性分别增强了1.61倍和1.41倍;把尼罗罗非鱼由淡水直接放入海水,鳃中的Na+-K+-ATPase活性升高较剧烈,在前期(0.5 h)最高,在鱼即将死亡的后期(8 h)次之,在中期(3 h)较低;肾中Na+-K+-ATPase活性升高较缓慢,在前期较小,中期较高,后期最高.除了在淡水中,肾的Na+-K+-ATPase活性高于鳃外,在海水中以及海水的前期、中期和后期中,鳃的Na+-K+-ATPase活性都高于肾,与肾相比,鳃对肾盐协迫更为敏感.     

浙江温州、镇海和福建九龙江沉积微型硅藻的初步研究

利用透射电镜研究了温州早、中全新世剖面,九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面和镇海晚全新世剖面的微型硅藻(细胞大小为2～20μm)的组成和丰度.共计硅藻14属20种(包括变种).Cyclotellacaspia是九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面中的优势种;温州中全新世剖面的优势种为Cyclotellastriata;温州早全新世剖面和镇海晚全新世剖面中Thalassionemanitzschioides是优势种.微型硅藻在几个剖面中所占的比例变化较大,以在九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面所占的比例最高,可达77.4%,表明微型硅藻在沉积硅藻中占有重要的地位.     

我国南北烟区烤烟产量和营养特性研究

试验连续3年在我国南北烟区7省10县,选择代表性植烟土壤,采用规范化栽培技术,研究了烤烟生长、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、氯的营养特性.结果表明,烟株生长和养分吸收速率前期缓慢,中期最快,后期降低.北方烟株后期的生长、氮、磷、钾吸收速率显著高于南方.养分吸收速率的变异系数氮≈钾磷,中微量元素表现出多样性.在烟株各器官中,营养元素的分配比例叶茎≥根.叶片养分含量南北差异最大,根系次之,茎南北相似,说明前者易受环境条件的影响,但后者比较稳定,对外界环境不敏感.从总体上看,养分吸收速率、分配比例及叶片含量因养分种类和南北地域不同而异,估计与土壤气候等生态环境有关,这可能是我国烤烟质量风各异的原因之一.值得注意的是,北方烤烟含氯量高而稳定,含氮量北方高于南方,可能导致北方烟叶蛋白质和烟碱含量增加.     

中国马铃薯产业发展现状与趋势

通过对世界马铃薯生产、消费与贸易情况的比较，详细分析了我国马铃薯产业发展在生产规模、种薯体系、品种质量、加工水平等方面存在的差距及造成的原因。并从自然条件、消费潜力、地理潜力、价格潜力等方面探讨了中国马铃薯产业发展的趋势及对策。     

陈有才诗歌的幽默特色

幽默是文学艺术创作中一种轻松而诙谐的表现笔调,通过讽喻、双关等修辞手法揭露丑恶、批判现实.乡土诗人陈有才诗歌中到处弥漫的幽默特质使他的诗歌具有独特的美学价值.归纳之,其诗歌的幽默特色主要表现在--语言幽默:情感上的幽默;故事幽默:细节上的幽默;意境幽默:构图上的幽默;笔法幽默:冷幽默、热幽默等诸多方面.