Si衬底上生长ZnO薄膜成熟化的研究

用电子束反应蒸发(REBE)方法在Si和白宝石衬底上低温生长了ZnO晶体薄膜.测量结果表明ZnO晶粒具有类柱状的生长特性,并且首次发现Si基ZnO外延层生长的Ostwald"成熟化"(ripening)过程.研究结果还表明这种"成熟化"出现和衬底结构有关,而且"成熟化"并不影响薄膜的生长取向;光荧光激发光谱(PLE)测量显示,在330～350 nm区域有一个较宽的荧光激发峰,该宽峰跟掩埋在外延层内部的2种尺寸的ZnO量子点有关.     

溅射与水热混合法制备ZnO纳米结构薄膜的异常光致发光特性(英文)

用一种混合方法用来制备ZnO纳米结构薄膜,首先利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上沉积ZnO薄膜作为种子层,然后用水热方法合成ZnO纳米结构薄膜.为研究ZnO纳米结构薄膜的特性,利用X——射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对薄膜的结构和形貌进行分析,并用X——光电子能谱技术(XPS)对薄膜的化学组份进行分析,最后利用光致发光方法(PL)对ZnO薄膜的发光性能进行了研究.从XRD谱图中可以看出,无论溅射的ZnO种子层还是水热合成ZnO纳米结构薄膜均为良好c轴(002)结晶状态的六角纤锌矿结构.从SEM图像看出,磁控溅射ZnO种子层为连续平整的膜状结构;而经过水热处理后则得到垂直于衬底的六角纳米棒和纳米片两种不同形貌的结构.XPS分析现示,在ZnO种子层中,锌和氧的比例基本上为1,说明磁控溅射ZnO晶体质量较好;而ZnO纳米结构薄膜中存在明显的氧空位缺陷.值得提出的是ZnO纳米薄膜光致发光谱存在异常的特性,采用波长为325 nm的He-Cd激光激发出可见光范围(500~700 nm)内的发光带,强度最强的是橙——红色的光(~600 nm),且肉眼可直接观察到.随着激发光波长在280~380 nm范围内变化,橙...     

Sol-Gel法制备Al掺杂ZnO薄膜的微结构及电学特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Si(100)衬底上制备了不同浓度Al掺杂的ZnO(AZO)薄膜。XRD研究表明Al掺杂对薄膜的结晶产生明显的影响。用四探针法测量其电阻特性,表明在1 mol%Al掺杂,600℃下退火,其电阻率最低。     

两步法制备聚酰亚胺柔性衬底的ZnO纳米阵列

在低温条件下采用两步法在聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜上制备ZnO纳米阵列。首先,在90℃条件下,用旋涂法在柔性PI衬底上生长1层ZnO缓冲层,然后,在柔性衬底上用水热法制备ZnO纳米阵列。研究十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的最佳用量并优化ZnO的制备条件。对PI薄膜进行酸碱处理以提高其表面粗糙度和润湿性能,通过锌浓度测定仪测量SDS的最佳用量为0.70 g。样品的形貌、尺寸和结构通过傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和X线衍射仪(XRD)进行表征。结果表明:ZnO纳米棒为六角纤锌矿结构,沿C轴方向择优生长,反应浓度与反应时间影响纳米棒阵列的直径与垂直度。ZnO阵列的光致发光(PL)性能表明,在380 nm有紫外光(UV)发射峰,在450 nm有蓝光发射峰。380 nm处的UV发射峰由自由激子复合引起,450 nm处的蓝光发射峰可能由电子的跃迁引起。     

ZnO薄膜的粉靶溅射沉积

氧化锌是一种重要的压电与光电材料,用粉靶代替常规的固体陶瓷靶溅射沉积ZnO薄膜,对基底的加热温度、溅射气压和氧气的混合比率等沉积条件对氧化锌薄膜特性的影响进行了研究,主要对沉积在玻璃基片上的ZnO薄膜进行了X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)以及台阶仪的测量和分析比较,用粉靶溅射的ZnO薄膜具有很好的C轴长相和很窄的衍射峰半宽(0.2°～0.27°)。因为ZnO膜在C轴方向有很强的压电性,从而也说明了用粉靶溅射的ZnO薄膜具有很好的压电特性。分析和测量结果显示用粉靶溅射ZnO薄膜的最佳条件是:(1)基片加热温度为300～400℃。(2)氧气的混合含量为0.5～0.8.(3)溅射气压为1～2 Pa。得出了利用粉靶溅射制备的ZnO薄膜与用陶瓷靶制备同样具有很好的性能。     

Dy3+和La3+掺杂ZnO薄膜的特点及其气敏传感特性

采用真空蒸发的方法制备了掺杂原子比为3%、5%和9%的La掺杂和Dy掺杂的ZnO薄膜.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了所制得的ZnO薄膜的特性.发现所有薄膜都沿C轴取向优先生长.在对ZnO薄膜气敏特性的测量中,在低温条件下掺杂ZnO薄膜的电阻比非掺杂ZnO薄膜的小,且对乙醇和丙酮的灵敏度显著增强,且其中Dy掺杂的ZnO薄膜的气敏特性较La掺杂的ZnO薄膜为高.而空气中暴露9个月后的薄膜的气敏特性表明掺杂ZnO薄膜具有很好的稳定性.同时讨论了气敏传感机制和掺杂行为对薄膜灵敏度的影响.     

热蒸发分解法制备多晶氧化锌薄膜以及性能分析

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为蒸发源,利用热蒸发分解法在Si衬底上沉积了多晶ZnO薄膜.使用多种分析测试手段(XRD,SEM,PL,霍尔效应)对不同的衬底温度下得到的ZnO薄膜的物理性质及结构特征进行分析表征.ZnO薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构,但在高角度时可以观察到衍射峰的分裂,表明ZnO薄膜中结构的非均一性.所得到的ZnO薄膜在蓝光波段具有强烈的受激发射.霍尔效应测量显示在衬底温度低于480℃时,薄膜为空穴导电(p-type),而高于480℃时,为电子导电(n-type).在不同衬底温度下,薄膜表面具有不同形貌特征.还探讨了对于ZnO薄膜的热蒸发分解法的成膜机理.     

P型ZnO薄膜的制备及特性研究

ZnO是一种新型的自激活宽带隙半导体材料,是一种理想的短波长发光器件材料,在光电子、高温大功率器件、高频微波器件以及信息技术领域等方面有着广阔的应用前景,实现和控制高质量P型掺杂是ZnO薄膜光电子应用的关键。本文用射频磁控溅射技术,在直径为100 mm的单晶Si(110)衬底上制备ZnO薄膜,薄膜厚度为1.8μm。用多功能离子注入机对ZnO薄膜进行N离子注入。通过退火实现了ZnO薄膜的P型转变。扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,离子注入使薄膜表面形貌产生损伤和缺陷,粗糙度明显增加,但退火对表面形貌有很大改善。X射线衍射(XRD)给出样品具有对应于ZnO(002)面的衍射峰,表明薄膜具有较好的c轴择优取向。在不同温度下(500℃,650℃,800℃,900℃,950℃),     

IWO缓冲层对MOCVD-ZnO:B薄膜性能的影响研究

金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术生长的绒面ZnO透明导电(ZnO-TCO)薄膜应用于Si基薄膜太阳电池上能够形成"陷光结构",以提高薄膜太阳电池效率和稳定性。本文将电子束反应蒸发技术生长的掺W的In2O3(In2O3:W,(IWO)薄膜作为缓冲层,应用于MOCVD-ZnO:B薄膜与玻璃之间,可促进ZnO:B薄膜的生长,并且有效提升薄膜的光散射特性。当IWO缓冲层厚度为20nm时,获得的IWO/ZnO:B薄膜的电阻率为2.07×10-3Ω.cm,迁移率为20.9cm2.V-1.s-1,载流子浓度为1.44×1020 cm-3;同时,薄膜具有的透过率大于85%,且在550nm处绒度较ZnO:B薄膜提高了约9.5%,在800nm处绒度较ZnO:B薄膜提高了约4.5%。     

氧氩比对ZnO薄膜微观结构及光电特性的影响

采用JGP300型超高真空磁控溅射系统,在蓝宝石(Al_2O_3)、p-Si和氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外分光光度计(UV)、原子力显微镜(AFM)分析了氧氩比对ZnO薄膜晶体结构、光学特性和表面形貌的影响。测试结果表明:ZnO薄膜均为单一六方纤锌矿结构,且均表现出c轴择优取向。随着氧氩比的减小,ZnO(002)衍射峰强度增大,衍射峰半高宽(FWHM)减小。氧氩比为1∶4条件下制备的ZnO薄膜结晶质量较好。随着氧氩比的增大,ZnO薄膜表面粗糙度先增大后减小。在可见光范围内(波长400～700 nm),氧氩比为3∶2条件下制备的ZnO薄膜,平均透过率超过70%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that