试论道德法律化

道德和法律的关系问题是法理学中永恒的话题。近几年，许多学者都论述了道德法律化的相关问题。道德法律化就是一定的道德观念或道德规范转化为法律规范的事实和过程。本文通过对道德法律化的概念及表现形式；道德法律化的必要性在于道德功能的局限；道德法律化的可能性在于道德与法律的共性；道德法律化的现实性在于人类社会的需要的分析来揭示了道德法律化问题。     

立法视域中的道德法律化

基于立法的角度研究道德法律化、探讨立法与道德法律化之间的关联性具有深化法律伦理学研究和有效解释立法争议、指导立法实践的双重价值。道德法律化的过程与立法的过程是同构的,在生成逻辑上是一致的,道德法律化是一条重要的立法渠道;道德法律化通过良法的实现来表现着立法的合伦理性,道德法律化的合理性决定着立法的合伦理性;道德法律化的限度决定着立法的范围进而影响着立法的实效性。     

论道德法律化的合理性及限度——以“常回家看看”入法为视角

道德和法律在调整范围和价值追求等方面有一定的重叠。在我国现阶段道德滑坡、约束能力不断弱化的背景下,提高公民道德水平,重塑社会道德体系便显得尤为迫切和重要。道德法律化作为其中一个有效途径,有其必要性和可行性。修订后的《老年人权益保障法》中"常回家看看"入法便是道德法律化的一个例证。然而无论道德或是法律的调整作用都不是万能的,道德法律化也有其局限性,"常回家看看"入法也存在一定的操作困境;需要在此基础上,界定道德法律化的合理限度,并对提高"常回家看看"法律的可操作性和执行性提出合理化的规制措施。     

道德泛法律化的探析

道德可以转化为法律,但并不是所有的道德都可以转化为法律,道德转化为法律应该有个度的限制。提倡将所有的道德通过立法转化为法律,提倡本来可以由道德约束的事情转变为法律的强制,以法律方式解决任何社会纠纷,这就是道德的泛法律化。道德的泛法律化有其原因及负面效应。     

道德和法律的契合——社会主义市场经济的价值内涵

本文拟从社会主义市场经济道德的法律化和社会主义市场经济法律的道德化两个方面展开对我国社会主义市场经济体系的价值分析，道德和法律是推动我国社会主义市场经济体系建构和发展的不可分割的整体，道德和法律的契合是社会主义市场经济的题中之义。     

论道德法律化的合理性

本文从理论和实践、现实和历史等四个方面论述了道德法律化的合理性。文章最后指出道德法律化本身有一个限度问题 ,且它与法律的道德化并不矛盾     

当代道德法律化趋势的若干误区及其检讨

道德法律化是中国法治进程中所表现出来的一种趋势，本针对当前理论与实务界出现的一些误区，着重对道德的法律强制论，立法价值导向和司法实践中的道德评价等问题予以较深刻的反思与检讨，并提出了相关对策性的建议。     

法律与道德体认关系的社会实证分析

法律是显露的道德,道德是隐形的法律,法律与道德在社会关系中密切关联。没有道德品性的法律是没有人性的法律,会丧失人们对它的信守;没有法律支持的道德是苍白的道德,在市场经济发展中会导致伦理道德的滑坡;法律规则中蕴涵着道德的价值,法律无可直涉的领域需要道德补足;道德作为一种社会规范资源,对社会调整作用的发挥需要借助法律强制力给予维护和支持,有些道德需要法律化;法律的道德价值与道德的经济价值助成一个法治政府坚守正义、坚持公平公正公信的良知,它承负着社会主义公共道德建设的基本职责;在法制中认可、吸纳或盈储一些社会主义公共道德规范,即依循道德的法制逻辑是法治政府加强制度文明建设的基本趋向。     

试论道德的法律化

将适当的道德法律化有利于社会主义精神文明建设.现阶段推进道德法律化应当在立法环节中弘扬社会主义法的时代精神,加大道德法律化的立法和执法的力度,强化道德法律化执法监督机制.     

社会道德向个体道德发展探析

道德作为调节人们行为的非法律规范,它的发展应适应人的需要;在价值主体日益多元化的今天,构建合乎人发展需要的“适然”道德应当是以“底线道德”为标准的“从事实际活动的人”的道德。而解决这一问题的关键在于社会道德向个体道德发展。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with