Protection of phosphatidylcholine to photosystem Ⅱ membrane during heat treatment

Photosystem Ⅱ membrane was reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine (PC) with different kinds of fatty acyl chains and the protection of PC to photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ)membrane during heat treatment was investigated using oxygen electrode, variable fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Heat treatment decreased the oxygen evolution rate and the F′v/Fm′ ratio of PS Ⅱ membrane and influenced CD spectra of PS Ⅱ membrane, but PC inhibited the effect of heat treatment on the oxygen evolution rate, the F′v/F′m ratio and CD spectra of PS Ⅱ membrane. The results indicate that PC can protect PS Ⅱ membrane against heat treatment and the alterations in the unsaturated fatty acid extent in PC can cause the changes of the protection ability.     

Thermal stability of oxygen evolution in photosystem Ⅱ core complex in the presence of digalactosyl diacylglyceroli

The influence of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), one of the photosynthetic membrane lipids, on heat inactivation of the process of oxygen evolution has been studied in vitro in photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) core complex. It was found that the temperature of semi-inactivation of oxygen evolution in the complex increased from 40.0 to about 43.0℃ in the presence of DGDG with 5-min heat treatment in the dark. Furthermore, when PSⅡ core complex was incubated for 5 min at 45.0℃, the oxygen evolution in the complex was completely lost, whilst the DGDG-complexed PSⅡ core complex still retained a 16% of activity (100% for 25.0℃). In addition, a 1-h incubation at 38.0℃ inactivated absolutely the oxygen evolution for the PSⅡ core complex. By contrast, there remained about 20% of activity (zero time for 100%) for the complex in the presence of DGDG under the same condition. These results indicate a new role of DGDG in the protection of PSⅡ core complex against the deleterious effects of temperature. It was most likely that DGDG-mediated stability toward thermal denaturation of oxygen evolution in PSⅡ core complex is due to the protective effect of DGDG on the release of the 33 kD protein from PSⅡ core complex.     

聚碳酸酯多孔增透膜的制备及性能研究

将聚碳酸酯(PC)与聚苯乙烯(PS)进行溶液共混后旋涂成膜(spin-coating),然后利用共混薄膜在成膜后期及热处理过程中会产生相分离的特点,采用溶剂抽提技术,将薄膜中的PS组分去掉来制备聚碳酸酯基多孔增透膜,并通过改变两高分子组分间的质量比及溶液浓度来调节薄膜的增透效果.由紫外-可见分光光度计的测试结果可知:在二氯甲烷溶剂(3 wt%)中,PC/PS=70/30(w/w)条件下形成的PC多孔膜,其最大透过率可达到96%以上,此外该薄膜还具有聚碳酸酯材料的优良力学性能及热稳定性等优点,是一种很有应用前景的薄膜材料.     

灵芝提取物对红细胞膜磷脂成分及电泳率的影响

采用家兔红细胞和血小板，以薄层色谱扫描法和显微（细胞）电泳法，探讨灵芝对家兔红细胞膜磷脂成分及电泳率的影响。结果显示：实验组红细胞膜磷脂成分中磷脂酰胆碱显著增多（P＜0．01），而鞘磷脂类，磷脂酰乙醇胺都程度不同的减少（P＜0．05），特别是磷脂酰丝氨酸含量，鞘磷脂类／磷脂酰胆碱及磷脂酰丝氨酸／磷脂酰胆碱比值显著减小（P＜0．01）。血小板及红细胞的电泳率显著高于对照组。表明灵芝对维持细胞膜的稳态有重要作用。     

Heat Denaturation of Protein Structures and Chlorophyll States in PSII Membranes

IntroductionPhotosystem II (PSII) is a large supramolecularpigment-protein complex found in the thylakoidmembranes of green plants,algae andcyanobacteria.Its main role is to drive light-induced electron transfer from water toplastoquinone with a concomitant production ofmolecular oxygen.PSII membranes consist of anouter antenna portion of light-harvestingchlorophyll (Chl) a/b binding complexes (LHCII)and a core fraction.The core fraction is composedof an inner antenna of membrane-bound …     

Relationship among Photosys-tem Ⅱ carbonic anhydrase,extrinsic polypeptides and manganese cluster

Effects of Photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ) extrinsic polypeptides of oxygen-evolving complex and manganese clusters on PSⅡ carbonic anhydrase (CA) were studied with spinach PSⅡ membranes. The result supported that membrane-bound CA is located in the donor side of PSⅡ. The extrinsic polypeptides played an important role of maintaining CA activity. After removing manganese clusters, oxygen evolution activity was inhibited, but PSⅡ-CA activity was unchanged. It was concluded that CA activity is independent of the presence of manganese clusters, and was not directly correlated with oxygen evolution activity.     

PS/PC共混膜的干燥动力学

高分子共混物薄膜产品中的残余溶剂量与干燥过程密切相关,是影响高分子涂膜性能的重要因素之一。将石英晶体微天平（QCM）与自制强制空气对流干燥装置相结合,研究了不同共混比的聚苯乙烯（PS）/聚碳酸酯（PC）共混物的二氯甲烷铸膜液在不同热空气流速和温度下的干燥过程,并应用蠕变传递模型关联了干燥动力学实验数据。研究结果表明：高...     

Phosphatidylglycerol effect on oxygen-evolving activity in Ca2+-depleted photosystem II

The effect of anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on oxygen evolution in a photosystem II (PS II ) particle depleted of Ca²⁺ (designated d_CaPSII ) has been investigated. The major finding is the observation of a new role of PG in the PSII function. That is, PG restores nearly the lost oxygen evolution in d_caPS II particle owing to Ca²⁺ depletion to the levels in intact PS II. Furthermore, there is a stimulation of oxygen-evolving activity in the d_CaPSII complexed with PG in the presence of exogenous CaCl₂, which PG enhances increasingly oxygen evolution with increasing CaCl₂ concentration. It is suggested that PG-induced oxygen evolution recovery of d_Ca PS II particle results from resumption of normal structure in protein by PG effect, whereas the enhancement of oxygen evolution in complex subject to CaCl₂ is ascribed to the optimization of such a structure due to coordination complex formation of Ca²⁺ ions with PG.     

基于锌（II）-二甲基吡啶胺的靶向探针成像研究

锌（II）-二甲基吡啶胺（ZnDPA）作为小分子靶向基团,靶向凋亡或死亡细胞中的阴离子磷脂质膜——磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）.文章总结了ZnDPA与其他分子成像探针结合的体内成像,如荧光成像、磁共振成像（MRI）、光声成像（PAI）、正电子发射型计算机断层显像（PET）,并且结合药物分子成为诊疗一体化探针,在炎症、细菌感染、癌症等方面都有着广泛的应用.最后讨论并展望了ZnDPA小分子探针未来的发展趋势.     

光照条件下Rose bengal处理对植物类囊体膜，PS II颗粒活性及多肽组分的影响

研究了Rose bengal处理对菠菜类囊体膜及PS II颗粒的叶绿素荧光发射光谱、蛋白质内源荧光发射光谱、DCIP光还原活性及多肽组分的影响。结果表明：单线态氧可改变类囊体膜的结构,并且可破坏PS II反应中心及LHC II中叶绿素分子的结合状态,引起类囊体膜PS II天线系统中的叶绿素捕光效率下降,还可引起光合电子传递能力下降和类囊体膜蛋白构象的改变,但至少在短时间内不会造成类囊体膜多肽组分的降解。     

Comparison of the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Developmental Stages in Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing （Cyanophyta）

The photosynthetic activities between two main developmental stages, colony and hormogonium, of the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing, were compared. Hormogonia have a higher content of chlorophyll than that of colonies. It showed that the ratios of phycocyain （PC）, allophycocyain （APC） and phycoerythrocyanin （PEC） in hormogonia and colonies were different. The room temperature chlorophyll fluorescence, 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence, measurements of PSⅠand PS Ⅱ activities all showed that colony has higher photosynthetic competence than hormogonia. Hormogonia had a higher respiration rate than colony, while their maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates were very close. The responses of hormogonia and colonies to high light illuminations also were different. Both of their oxygen evolution rates decreased quickly with the prolonged high light illumination, but hormogonia can keep relatively higher PSⅡ activity （Fv/Fm） than that of colonies. The results suggested that colony was photosynthetically more competent than hormogonia, while the ability of hormogonia to tolerate high light illumination was higher than that of colony.     

Increase in electron transfer activity in photosystem Ⅱ of spinach thylakoids caused by conversion of phosphatidyl- glycerol to phosphatidic acid molecules

The techniques of oxygen electrode polarography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were employed to investigate the effect of phospholipase D treatment on physiological function of spinach thylakoids. It was shown that the phospholipase D treatment on thylakoid resuited in the degradation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and occurrence of phosphatidic acid (PA). The changes of PG to PA molecules caused an increase in oxygen evolution in photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ), which was accompanied by an uncoupling effect on thylakoid membrane. It was revealed that the head-groups of PG molecules play an important role in themaintenance of the appropriate physiological activity of thylakoid membrane.     

Mn2+在Ti/SnO2+SbOx/PbO2电极上的电氧化研究

比较了Ｔｉ／ＳｎＯ２＋Ｓｂｘ／ＰｂＯ２电极与Ｔｉ／ＰｂＯ２电极在电解Ｍｎ＾２＋体系中的析氧极化曲线、Ｍｎ＾２＋的氧化极化曲线和电极寿命,发现加入中间层后的Ｔｉ／ＳｉＯ２＋ＳｂＯｘ／ＰｂＯ２电极对Ｍｎ＾２＋的电氧化有更好的催化活性和较长的使用寿命。用正交实验法探讨影响Ｍｎ＾２＋→Ｍｅ＾３＋＋ｅ电极过程的因素,找出以Ｔｉ／ＳｂＯｘ／ＰｂＯ２电极为阳极用无隔膜电解槽电解Ｍｎ＾２＋的最佳工艺条件,在此条件     

New mechanism revealed for light-state transition in cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis according to 77-K fluorescence kinetics

The mechanisms of oxygen evolution and carbon fixation in oxygenic organisms depend on the equal distribution of excitation energy to photosystems Ⅰ and Ⅱ, which is regulated by a mechanism referred to as light-state transition. In this work, a novel mechanism, energy spillover from PS Ⅰ to PS Ⅱ referred to as "inverse spillover", was revealed besides "mobile phycobilisome (PBS)" and the "spillover" of energy from PS Ⅱ to PS Ⅰ in cyanobacteria. Under continuous illumination with blue light, time-dependent 77-K fluorescence spectra demonstrated heterogeneous kinetics for the PBS and photosystem components, indicating that inverse spillover and mobile PBS work successively to regulate the excitation to a balanced distribution in cyanobacterial cells under blue light. Inverse spillover and mobile PBS occur under both 100 and 300 μmol m-2 s-1 blue-light conditions but they are accelerated under the latter.     

苯砜用作碳酸丙烯酯基电解液添加剂的研究

研究了添加剂苯砜（PS）对碳酸乙烯酯（EC）做酸丙烯酯（PC）基电解质与石墨负极和LiCoO2正极相容性的影响．恒流充放电法和循环伏安法研究了PS对（c（LiPF6）=1mol／L）-EC／PC（体积比1：1）电解液与电极相容性的影响,XPS法分析了PS在改性人造石墨（MAG）电极上的还原产物．结果表明：EC／PC基电解质与MAG不相容,PS可以优先还原生成C6H5SO2Li和Li2SO2,抑制PC对MAG结构的破坏,促使EC／PC基电解质与MAG相容;EC／PC基电解质与MCMB的相容性不够理想,PS可以提高EC／PC基电解质与MCMB的相容性;PS可稍微改善EC／PC基电解质与LiCoO2的相容性．     

Depletion of phosphatidyl-glycerol head-group induces changes in oxygen evolution and protein secondary struc-tures of photosystem Ⅱ

The techniques of oxygen electrode polarogra-phy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were employed to explore the roles of polar head-group of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecules in the functional and structural aspects of photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ) through enzymatic approach. It was shown that the depletion of PG by treatment of phospholipase C (PLC) on PS Ⅱ particles caused the inhibition of oxygen evolving activity in PS Ⅱ. This effect also gave rise to changes in the protein secondary structures of PS Ⅱ, that is, an increase in a-helical conformation which is compensated by the loss of p-strand structures. It revealed that the head-group of PG molecules plays an important structural role in the maintenance of normal structure of PS Ⅱ proteins, which is required to maintain the appropriate physiological activity of the PS Ⅱ complex such as the oxygen evolving activity. It is suggested that there most probably exist hydrogen-bonding interactions between PG molecules and PS Ⅱ proteins.     

水杨酸对温度胁迫下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以紫御谷为材料,研究了水杨酸对温度胁迫(高温和低温)下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,结果表明:①高温和低温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷幼苗的根冠比、根系活力、总根长和平均根直径,使根系生长受到抑制,而水杨酸处理则提高了其根冠比、根鲜物质量、茎鲜物质量和根系活力;②高温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷叶片的叶绿素a、总叶绿素质量分数和净光合速率,而水杨酸处理显著提高了紫御谷叶片的净光合速率.低温胁迫使紫御谷幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著低于常温对照,而水杨酸处理后,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均有所升高.③高温胁迫下,紫御谷幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)、光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光下PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)与常温对照相比差异不显著,而低温胁迫下的Fv/F和ΦPSⅡ则显著低于常温对照,喷施水杨酸后Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ均低于低温处理组,且Fv/Fm差异显著,由此推断低温胁迫可能使PSⅡ反应中心受到不可逆的损害.     

PC—g—PS增容PPO／PET共混体系的研究

研究了聚苯醚／聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共混体系的热行为，相形态及拉伸行为，结果表明，ＰＰＯ／ＰＥＴ共混物是一个高度不相容的体系，体系中存在分散相相区尺寸很大的两相结构，其宏观力学性能呈特征的脆性断裂，加了聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯的辐射接枝共聚物ＰＣ－ｇ－ＰＳ以作为增容剂后，共混物的相容性明显改善，分散相相区尺寸减小，共混物的拉伸行为呈韧性断裂。     

C60偶联多孔硅系统的蓝光发射

用G60作为表面钝化剂，与多孔硅进行偶联．发现当C60偶联多孔硅系统在空气中存储一年后，能够发射460nm左右的强烈蓝光．经过系统的测量和分析，认为蓝光起源的发光中心与SiO2体材料中的“自捕获激子”模型类似．它是由一个氧空位和一个间隙氧组成的，间隙氧同时和相邻的晶格氧形成过氧连接．光激发载流子来自于Si纳米晶粒的核心，辐射复合过程则在多孔硅表面的发光中心进行．进一步的电子束辐照和臭氧辐照实验证明了这个发光中心的存在．从FTIR谱的分析，推测是样品表面Si=O双键的缓慢变化促使了蓝光中心的自发产生．     

Low pH-induced conformational changes in 33 kD protein of photosystem Ⅱ

33 kD protein, located on the lumen side ofthylakoid membranes, is one of three extrinsic proteins ofphotosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ ). Previous study showed that NBSmodification of W241, the only tryptophan in 33 kD protein,is helpful for understanding the function of W241 in main-taining functional conformation of 33 kD protein. In thispaper, studies of both circular dichroism and fluorescencespectra showed that upon decreasing pH from 6.2 to 2.5, theconformation of soluble 33 kD protein changed significantly,with an increase or a decrease in percentage of random coilor (z-helix and turns. The changes in secondary structures ofthis protein are pH reversible. After NBS modification at pH2.5, the conformational change of 33 kD protein was keptfixed. The CD ellipticity at 200 nm for NBS-modified 33 kDprotein is much lower than that for control, indicating that the unfolding degree of 33 kD protein was enhanced after the NBS modification. Moreover, the conformational flexibility islost in NBS-modified 33 kD protein, and the conformationalchange becomes pH irreversible, indicating that NBS modi-fication blocked the reversibility of conformational change of33 kD protein. The specific binding capability of NBS-modi-fled 33 kD protein is much lower than that of low pH-treatedcontrol. Furthermore, the rebinding of modified protein on PS Ⅱ membranes cannot restore the activity of oxygen evo-lution. We suggest that it is low pH but not NBS modificationof W241 that leads to the conformational change of 33 kDprotein from one functional to another non-functional state.The significant capability of proton transport of 33 kD pro-tein is discussed.