中间相沥青原料对泡沫炭结构及性能的影响

考察了萘系和煤系中间相沥青原料对发泡工艺及石墨化泡沫炭结构及性能的影响.由于萘系中间相沥青比煤系中间相沥青的平均相对分子量低且分布宽,两者的最佳发泡条件分别为600℃/5 MPa、600℃/1.5 MPa.流线型域状结构及圆盘状分子结构的煤系中间相沥青易于得到高热导率、高压缩强度的泡沫炭,所制煤系中间相沥青泡沫炭的热导率和压缩强度分别为33.4 W/(m·K)、1.28 MPa.     

发泡条件对炭泡沫孔泡结构的影响

以AR中间相沥青为原料,在中间相沥青裂解行为的基础上,利用自发泡工艺制备了中间相沥青基炭泡沫.重点研究了发泡过程中形核温度、初始压力以及固化温度对炭泡沫孔泡结构的影响规律.结果表明:随着形核温度的升高,炭泡沫的孔径变大,开口孔隙率升高.随着初始压力的升高,炭泡沫的孔径减小,开口孔隙率降低.随着固化温度的提高,炭泡沫的孔泡结构由椭圆形变为圆形,开口孔隙率升高.     

中间相沥青基泡沫炭发泡过程及其动力学研究

以AR中间相沥青为原料,结合TG、黏度分析、MS及IR等表征方法研究了中间相沥青基泡沫炭的发泡过程及其动力学特征.结果表明:中间相沥青在发泡过程中主要发生脂肪碳链的热解反应并释放出H2、CH4、H2O和CO等气体,导致熔融沥青中的分子组成产生变化,进而引起其黏度变化.在此基础上采用TG分析模拟不同升温速率及发泡温度下中间相沥青的失重过程,并通过拟合中间相沥青恒温阶段的TG曲线,发现中间相沥青的恒温失重率Δw与发泡时间tb成较好的线性关系,结合Arrhenius方程计算得到不同升温速率下恒温发泡过程的动力学参数.此研究工作对于中间相沥青基泡沫炭的可控制备具有较好的理论指导作用.     

PVC基活性炭的制备及其吸附性能的研究Ⅰ——PVC沥青的制备及其预氧化

以PVC树脂为原料,采用两个恒温段的程序升温方法加热脱氯制备PVC沥青,并通过空气预氧化法,对所制备的PVC沥青进行了预氧化处理.实验结果表明,PVC树脂在流速为100 mL/min氮气气氛中,以10℃/min速率程序升温至270℃,恒温脱氯150 min后再程序升温至410℃并恒温芳化120 min,可以制备出脱氯率和得率均较高的PVC沥青.该PVC沥青在300℃温度下,采用空气预氧化法预氧化120min,可获得增重率约为11%,氧化交联度较高、耐热性能较好的预氧化PVC沥青.FT-IR光谱分析结果表明,PVC沥青在预氧化的过程中,主要发生了氧化脱氢、脱水、CO2缩聚交联反应,使沥青形成耐热型的氧桥结构,从而达到预氧化目的.     

中间相沥青基高导热碳板的制备

本文以中间相沥青为原料,采用氮压式单孔纺丝机进行熔融纺丝,对所获得的中间相沥青纤维进行适度的预氧化处理后通过热压成型工艺进行自烧结成型,并对其分别研究了硼(B),钛(Ti),钛-硼(Ti-B)三种体系的催化石墨化,借助红外分析,扫描电镜,能谱分析,导热率测量等手段研究了催化石墨化效果.研究结果表明,260℃预氧化处理的中间相沥青纤维经热压成型可制备出高导热率的碳板,使用Ti-B催化体系催化效果明显,在此体系下制备的材料导热率高达996.45 W/M·K.     

炭泡沫中Si含量对碳化硅多孔陶瓷 组织和性能的影响

研究炭泡沫预制体中Si添加量的变化对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的组织及性能的影响. 以中间相沥青添加一定质量分数的Si粉为原料,经发泡工艺制备含Si的炭泡沫预制体并结合反应烧结工艺制得碳化硅多孔陶瓷. 对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、相组成、孔隙率、孔筋密度和抗弯强度进行分析与测试. 结果表明:随着炭泡沫预制体中Si量的增加,碳化硅多孔陶瓷的孔隙率下降,孔筋密度增加,抗弯强度提高. 当Si的质量分数为50%时,多孔陶瓷孔筋完全由SiC相组成,孔筋密度为3.14g/cm3,多孔陶瓷的抗弯强度达到23.9MPa,对应孔隙率为55%.     

3种煤沥青炭微观结构及其性能的对比研究

将高温煤沥青、中温煤沥青、浸渍剂沥青在常压下炭化,经2 300 ℃石墨化处理,制备3种煤沥青炭.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察煤沥青炭的显微结构;采用X射线衍射法(XRD)检测煤沥青炭的石墨化度;通过氮吸附法测定煤沥青炭的比表面积(SBET);采用热重(TG/DTG)分析手段测试并分析煤沥青炭的氧化性能.研究结果表明:煤沥青的族组分影响煤沥青炭的形貌,喹啉不溶物含量低有利于流线型结构的形成;高温煤沥青炭微观结构主要以流线型和镶嵌型为主,中温煤沥青炭和浸渍剂沥青炭以流线型为主,但浸渍剂沥青炭流线型结构取向性好;煤沥青炭中含有流线型结构越多,则其石墨化度越高,比表面积越低;煤沥青炭的氧化失重主要发生在700～900 ℃,浸渍剂沥青炭的抗氧化性能最好.     

热处理对中间相沥青-碳纤维 黏结界面相容性的影响

中间相沥青在碳化过程中轻组分不断逸出而发生剧烈膨胀,对以其为黏结剂或基体的碳纤维增强复合材料的界面结合性能有显著影响.利用TG、XRD和SEM等考察了预氧化条件对碳纤维的热稳定性、碳收率、晶体结构和纤维在乙醇水溶液中分散性的影响规律.从多个预氧化条件中甄选出以270℃保温150 min处理的氧化纤维进行碳化条件影响规律的考察.利用光学显微镜观察发现700～900℃碳化的碳纤维直径变化最显著.利用FTIR和SEM考察不同碳化温度碳纤维与中间相沥青黏结剂制备的碳黏碳纤维网络体的界面相容性.结果表明,500℃碳化的碳纤维与碳质黏结剂的结合紧密,结点平滑无裂纹,具有优异的界面相容性.500℃碳化的碳纤维与中间相沥青黏结剂在后续碳化处理中共同经历碳结构的主要形成阶段,可改善黏结界面,为提高材料性能提供有效途径.     

中间相沥青纤维基自粘结炭材料的成型与微观形貌研究

实验采用热重分析模拟中间相沥青纤维的预氧化过程,然后利用热机械分析对沥青纤维径向热压变形行为及热压自粘结过程进行了研究,并借助扫描电镜观察自粘结沥青纤维板和自粘结炭纤维板的微观形貌．当沥青纤维氧化增重量为2.1%时,纤维径向变形率可达36%,易于自粘结成型,所得自粘结板表面平整,纤维接触面紧密粘结．当氧化增重量为1.3%时,热压使沥青纤维的微晶取向破坏而融化,不能自粘结成型.当氧化增重量大于3.3%时,沥青纤维的径向变形率很小,自粘结性能差．     

粘结剂炭的氧化动力学研究

两种粘结剂炭的氧化动力学实验表明，粘结剂炭氧化反应属一级反应。850℃、1000℃制备的中间相沥青（NJ8）的表现活化能分别为107.90kJ/mol和170．60kJ/mol，而酚醛树脂炭的表观活化能分别为65．01kJ/mol和97．63kJ/mol。可见中间相沥青（NJ8)炭的抗氧化性明显优于酚醛树脂炭。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that