热处理对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材进行退火处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,镁合金晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,力学性能略有提高然后降低;退火时间对镁合金晶粒尺寸影响不大;在300℃下退火1 h后板材性能达到最佳,抗拉强度为255 MPa,屈服强度为170 MPa,延伸率为24%;经过热处理后镁合金断裂方式为准解理断裂和韧性断裂的复合形式.     

晶界形貌、织构对AZ31镁合金各向异性的影响

采用金相观察、织构分析、拉伸实验等方法,研究了变形工艺、晶界形貌及织构对AZ31镁合金屈服强度及延伸率各向异性的影响.结果表明:轧制过程会使晶粒拉长而产生平直晶界,当拉伸应力方向与平直晶界走向成45°时,AZ31镁合金总是表现出低屈服强度和高延伸率;除了织构之外,晶界形貌也在一定程度上影响着镁合金的力学性能;当拉伸应力与平直晶界走向成0°或90°时,基面滑移的Schmid因子和拉伸孪晶是影响镁合金力学性能的主要因素.     

AZ31镁合金变形行为的热/力模拟

采用GLEEBLE-1500热／力模拟机在变形温度为423～723K,应变速率为0．01～10s^-1,最大变形量为60％的条件下对铸态AZ31镁合金进行热／力模拟研究,并结合热变形后显微组织,分析合金力学性能与显微组织之间的关系。研究结果表明：应变速率和变形温度是影响变形激活能的关键参数;当变形温度一定时,流变应力和应变速率之间呈线性关系,合金的变形激活能在523～573K时变化不大,而在大于573K时增大较快,可用包含Arrheniues项的参数Z描述AZ31镁合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为。     

应力状态对AZ31镁合金最佳成形温度的影响

在20～250℃温度范围内,对AZ31镁合金薄板进行了单向拉伸、筒形件拉深以及胀形试验,并用金相显微镜观察了试验后试件的显微组织。分析了AZ31镁合金在不同工艺所对应的应力状态下塑性变形特点及其最佳成形温度。结果表明,变形过程中所受应力状态对AZ31镁合金最佳成形温度的影响很大,AZ31镁合金在成形过程中受单向拉应力时,其总延伸率随成形温度的升高而增加;应力状态主要为压应力时,最佳成形温度应在tr=1以下;而应力状态主要为双向拉应力时,其最佳成形温度应在tr=1以上。     

AZ31镁合金轧制板材各向异性力学性能研究

在几种厚度的AZ31镁合金轧制板材上沿不同方向取样进行常温单向拉伸和压缩实验,研究了AZ31镁合金轧制板材的各向异性力学性能。基于晶体塑性理论,探讨了织构对金属板材宏观各向异性的影响。分析表明,轧制镁合金板材具有明显的各向异性力学性能及拉压不对称性。在轧制(RD)方向的抗压及抗拉屈服强度明显小于横向(TD),各个方向的抗拉屈服强度明显大于抗压屈服强度。不同轧制工艺对板材的力学性能影响较显著,主要表现在屈服应力不同和延伸率不同。基于实验结果与晶体塑性理论,本文从多角度分析了轧制工艺对AZ31镁合金各向异性力学性能及拉压不对称性行为的影响。     

基于参数优化的人工神经网络的AZ31镁合金力学性能预测模型

通过力学性能试验测定了不同退火条件下AZ31镁合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率,并利用人工神经网络技术建立了对应力学性能的预测模型,其中对模型的优化采用了一种新方法,即参数全排列组合训练.结果表明,基于全排列训练得到的最优参数建立的网络模型具有优良的性能,比经传统试探法构建的模型具有更高的平均相关系数和更低的平均误差,因此能更准确地预测AZ31镁合金在不同退火条件后的力学性能.     

双向挤压后AZ31镁合金的微观组织与性能

采用了100T挤压机对AZ31镁合金在不同温度不同挤压比下双向挤压成型。结果表明,挤压比为4.5时,显著地细化镁合金晶粒,晶粒尺寸可由铸态的400μm减小到挤压态的6μm;挤压比为10.125时,晶粒尺寸可以减小到3μm;变形材料的硬度、伸长率、压缩率和屈服强度值有了很大程度的提高,随着挤压温度的升高,硬度、压缩率、伸长率和屈服强度值呈降低趋势(250℃除外)。     

富铈混合稀土对压铸AZ81合金组织和性能的影响

为开发铸造性能优越、成本低廉、中温性能略有改善,并能满足摩托车曲轴箱服役环境的新型镁合金提供材料基础,通过往AZ81合金中添加富铈混合稀土,考查稀土对压铸镁合金AZ81组织和性能影响.结果表明:少量加入稀土能起晶粒细化和固溶强化作用;随加入量增大,稀土以晶界和穿晶条状脆性相存在,对合金强度的损伤作用大于强化作用.因此,压铸AZ81的常温和150℃抗拉强度和屈服强度随稀土加入量的增加先略有提高,然后持续降低;室温延伸率随稀土加入量增加而连续下降,对150℃温度下的延伸率无明显影响;但富铈混合稀土的加入显著提高合金的蠕变抗力.     

热轧AZ31镁合金板材高温塑性变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟系统,研究热轧的AZ31镁合金板材在应变速率0.01,0.1,1,5和10 s-1,变形温度473～723 K,预设最大变形量80%条件下的高温塑性变形行为。采用实验得到的真应力-真应变曲线,分析合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,计算合金高温变形的材料参数和激活能;用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立合金高温变形的本构关系,并比较实测应力与计算得到的应力。研究结果表明:AZ31镁合金高温变形时受应变速率的影响较大,应变速率小于1 s-1时(573～723 K),合金的真应变接近100%,但当应变速率大于5 s-1时,实验温度范围内合金的真应变都小于60%。AZ31镁合金高温变形的流变应力-应变速率-变形温度的关系可用双曲正弦函数描述,激活能随应变速率和变形温度的提高,从110.4 kJ/mol升高到163.2 kJ/mol。实验获得的AZ31镁合金应力-应变本构方程的计算结果与实验结果较吻合。     

时效对AZ31镁合金组织与性能的影响

对挤压后的AZ31镁合金件进行时效处理。时效温度为200-300℃,时效时间为15min-3h。研究了不同时效温度、时间对AZ31镁合金微观组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明：合适的时效工艺可使挤压变形后的试样组织达到平衡状态,材料塑性有较大幅度提高,而强度并没有显著降低。对于AZ31镁合金,最佳的时效工艺为275℃保温0．5 h。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the