Suppression by glutamate of cGMP-activated conductance in retinal bipolar cells.

Depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs) of the retina are the only neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system known to be hyperpolarized by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Both glutamate and its analogue L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) hyperpolarize DBCs by decreasing membrane conductance. Furthermore, glutamate responses in DBCs slowly decrease during whole-cell recording, suggesting that the response involves a second messenger system. Here we report that intracellular cyclic GMP or GTP activates a membrane conductance that is suppressed by APB, resulting in an enhanced APB response. In the presence of GTP-gamma-S, APB causes an irreversible suppression of the conductance. Inhibitors of G-protein activation or phosphodiesterase activity decrease the APB response. Thus, the DBC glutamate receptor seems to close ion channels by increasing the rate of cGMP hydrolysis by a G protein-mediated process that is strikingly similar to light transduction in photoreceptors.     

苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物在沥青中的分散性

对苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改进沥青性能进行了实验研究.用Brook fieled旋转黏度计测定了SBS对两种沥青进行改性后样品的系列黏度.实验发现SBS在含芳烃较高的沥青中分散性能好,增黏效果显著,尤其是当其质量分数大于3%后芳烃含量较高的沥青黏度增大幅度较大;SBS对沥青的针入度、软化点、延度等物理性能的影响也非常明显.通过对SBS改性沥青性能的机理分析,表明SBS在沥青中的分散性是提高改性沥青性能的重要因素.适当添加芳烃有助于提高SBS改性沥青的物理性能.     

二类受扰Hamilton系统中的混沌

通过一种具体模型,研究连续动力学系统二类受扰的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ系统;利用在高维中推广的Ｍｅｌｎｉｋｏｖ函数技术,对动力学系统中双曲不变集合进行分析,进而确定了使上述稳定流形与不稳定流形横截相交的参数范围．根据高维映射的Ｓｉｎｄｌｅ－Ｂｉｒｋｈｏｆ横截同宿定理,认为在相应参数范围内的上述模型中,动力学系统存在混沌现象．     

两类图的谱半径

得到了有k个圈且边独立数为k的一类连通图的谱半径的上界，且给出了达到上界的所有极图，同时给出了给定阶和边独立数的树的谱半径结论的一个新的证明。所得结论对进一步研究给定阶、边独立数和圈数的一般图的谱半径有重要的作用。     

两类非奇异阵的性质

讨论了有广泛一般性的两类非奇异阵的基本性质，得到这两类非奇异阵的逆阵、伴随阵及其主子阵的Ｓｃｈａｒ补以及Ｓｙｌｖｅ３ｔｅｒ矩阵、三角分解方面的若干有用的结论．     

两类图的谱半径

得到了有k个圈且边独立数为k的一类连通图的谱半径的上界 ,且给出了达到上界的所有极图 ,同时给出了给定阶和边独立数的树的谱半径结论的一个新的证明。所得结论对进一步研究给定阶、边独立数和圈数的一般图的谱半径有重要的作用     

两类图的平均距离

研究圈的p-次方图以及复合图的平均距离．利用计数理论并借助于这两类图的特殊构造，得出了相应的结论．     

假设检验中两类错误的几何解释

以正态分布为例,提出了一种假设检验问题中两类错误及有关问题的几何解释,使某些结论更直观。     

关于两个特殊矩阵的研究

介绍投影矩阵、对合矩阵的定义、性质,并给出投影矩阵的和、差、积是投影矩阵的充分必要条件.     

Regional specialization of retinal glial cell membrane

Neural activity generates increases in extracellular K+ concentration, [K+]0, which must be regulated in order to maintain normal brain function. Glial cells are thought to play an important part in this regulation through the process of K+ spatial buffering: K+-mediated current flow through glial cells redistributes extracellular K+ following localized [K+]0 increases. As is the case in other glia, the retinal Müller cell is permeable almost exclusively to K+ . Recent experiments have suggested that this K+ conductance may not be distributed uniformly over the cell surface. In the present study, two novel techniques have been used to assess the Müller cell K+ conductance distribution. The results demonstrate that 94% of all membrane conductance lies in the endfoot process of the cell. This strikingly asymmetric distribution has important consequences for theories concerning K+ buffering and should help to explain the generation of the electroretinogram.     

兔和牛角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞体外培养和增殖的研究

目的：研究兔和牛角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞等3种细胞体外培养的生物学特性，探索和改进这3种细胞体外培养的方法，为组织工程角膜奠定基础。方法：采用消化法分离培养兔和牛角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞，观察细胞贴壁生长情况，同时对生长良好的原代细胞进行消化传代，进一步观察传代细胞的形态和生长情况。结果：角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞均在培养48～72h贴壁生长，培养6～9d能形成良好单层，细胞形态典型，进行多次传代后细胞仍维持原有形态和功能，获得的细胞能进行长期培养。结论：为兔和牛角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞体外培养，提供了简单高效经济的方法。     

Bioleaching of two different types of chalcopyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Two different types of chalcopyrite (pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite) were bioleached with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATF6. The bioleaching of the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is quite different. The copper extraction reaches 46.96% for the pyritic chalcopyrite after 48-d leaching, but it is only 14.50% for the porphyry chalcopyrite. Proper amounts of initial ferrous ions can improve the efficiency of copper extraction for the two different types of chalcopyrite. The optimum dosage of ferrous ions for the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is different. The adsorption of ATF6 on the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite was also studied in this paper. It is found that ATF6 is selectively adsorbed by the two different types of chalcopyrite; the higher adsorption onto the pyritic chalcopyrite than the porphyry chalcopyrite leads to the higher copper dissolution rate of the pyritic chalcopyrite. In addition, the zeta-potential of chalcopyrite before and after bioleaching further confirms that ATF6 is more easily adsorbed onto the pyritic chalcopyrite.     

两类素数之分解式及其惟一性

作为近代数论中两个非常重要的和———Gauss和与Jacobi和———的应用之一,有结论:形如4k+1的素数可写成两整数的平方和;形如3k+1的素数可写成两整数的平方和与其积之差,并对分解式的惟一性进行了讨论.     

两类柔性微动直线导轨的刚度特性

分析了两类柔性微动直线导轨的结构特点,提出一种以刚度比指标来综合衡量柔性微动直线导轨导向性能的方法。基于C astig liano(位移)第二定理推导了计算两类柔性微动直线导轨不同方向静刚度的解析表达式。对两类柔性微动直线导轨的设计实例进行分析,结果表明其中一种具有叠形支链的柔性微动直线导轨具有更好的导向性能。该文方法和结论可为柔性微动直线导轨的选型与设计提供参考。     

两类图族的Merrifield-Simmons指标

路粘完全图G（P_m,K_n）是指由一个m个顶点的路的每个顶点上粘接一个n阶完全图得到的连通图,圈粘完全图G（C_m,K_n）是指由一个圈图C_m的每个顶点上粘接一个n阶完全图得到的连通图.论文通过研究完全图、路粘完全图和圈粘完全图的Merrifield-Simmons指标,刻画出了路粘完全图和圈粘完全图的Merrifield-Simmons指标的计算公式,并给出了其证明过程.     

非线性幅值控制算法中2种PI控制器的比较

驱动系统在科氏质量流量计中起到了非常重要的作用,驱动性能的好坏直接影响着质量流量测量的准确性;非线性幅值控制算法是一种好的驱动增益控制算法,其中的PI控制器有2种实现方法,即积分分离的PI控制器和积分限幅的PI控制器;为了比较不同控制方法的效果,文章基于科氏传感器的时变参数模型,根据实际驱动电路来建立Simulink仿真模型,用驱动电路驱动CNG050传感器得到的实验数据,来验证模型参数设置的正确性,通过Simulink仿真,研究了2种不同控制方法,结果表明,积分限幅的PI控制器的控制效果较好.