宁绍平原的泥炭层及其对海面变化的反映

本文阐述了宁绍平原泥炭层的分布规律、沉积特征、形成时代以及形成过程。并在综合分析的基础上,以泥炭层为主线,对全新世以来的海面变化过程和幅度进行了归纳和探讨。     

2006年夏季长江口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落结构

利用2006年6月在长江口及邻近海域进行的大面调查所采集的浮游动物样品,结合环境参数,对长江河口及邻近海域浮游动物种类组成及群落结构进行了多元分析,研究了浮游动物群落结构及其影响因子.结果表明,长江口及邻近海域浮游动物种类比较丰富,浮游动物种类数为322个(含27种浮游幼虫),浮游甲壳动物的种类数量占到总种数的1/2以上,桡足类是其主要类群,中华哲水蚤是整个调查水域最重要的优势种.据各站位浮游动物种类组成和丰度,用聚类分析法可将该水域的浮游动物分为5个群落.相关性分析表明,影响长江口及邻近海域浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子为盐度.     

广州地区晚第四纪孢粉气候研究

 利用广州地区南北2个不同沉积地貌区的钻孔进行孢粉分析,结合测年和沉积信息,分析了广州所代表的珠江三角洲地区晚更新世以来的沉积环境和气候变化。孢粉分析结果显示：在晚更新世珠江三角洲地区气候经历了偏冷干-偏凉干-暖湿-热湿-偏凉干-冷干的变化过程,末次冰期对本区具有明显影响,使全新世和晚更新世孢粉组合表现出一定的差异;全新世气候明显转暖湿,整体上以暖湿为主,但出现了一些小的气候波动事件,最明显的是在2 250 a BP 前后偏凉干的变化;该区在晚更新世和全新世各经历过一次海侵,两孔反映的气候期和海平面变化较为一致,气候和海平面变化也有很好的对应。两孔在地层、沉积相和孢粉特征上的差异是地理位置、沉积环境和基座地貌等差异造成的。     

华南上扬子区奥陶纪特马豆克阶的海平面变化

在较为精细的生物地层学研究基础上,对位于华南上扬子区4条剖面的沉积相组合以及沉积相序列进行分析,建立上扬子区特马豆克期高分辨率相对海平面变化曲线。识别出10个沉积相,划分出3个沉积相组合,分别沉积于浅潮下带、深潮下带和页岩盆地带;识别出5次重要的海侵事件,分别发生在TS.1a早期、TS.1a晚期、TS.1c早期、TS.1c晚期和TS.1d晚期,其中TS.1c早期的海侵为特马豆克期最大海侵事件。通过与其他板块海平面变化曲线的对比,发现上扬子区海平面变化主要受全球海平面变化的控制。     

中上扬子晚奥陶世赫南特期岩相古地理

晚奥陶世赫南特期发生了全球性的气候变冷事件.中上扬子地区典型沉积为观音桥组,富产全球广泛分布的赫南特动物群,对应冰盖扩张引起的全球海平面下降阶段.根据岩性、沉积构造、生物组合及其保存状态,赫南特阶划分出潮坪相及浅海陆棚相.湖坪相主要沉积观音桥组炭泥质灰岩、钙质泥岩,底栖生物繁盛.浅海陆棚相主要沉积五峰组上部Normal...     

Spatial and temporal distribution of trace elements in Yangtze Estuary, China: Significance of diluted setting

The present study is to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of eight trace elements (Sr, Ba, B, Ga, Ni, V, Cu, and F) in various Holocene marine subfacies in the Yangtze Estuary, including its subaqueous delta by sediment borehole and vibrocore. Results demonstrate that grain size is the determinant factor in controlling the concentration of most trace elements discussed. Prodelta mud that occurs usually below the normal wave base can serve as a depository sink for trapping trace elements over the long-term time period. For example, copper concentration is 5-6 times higher than those found in the estuarine sediment. Boron, which is used to be a salinity indicator, shows a strong negative correlation with paleosalinity (using sediment phosphate method), implying desalinized water setting in the Yangtze Estuary, into which a large quantity of the Yangtze freshwater (924 × 10⁹ m³/a) has discharged. Trace element concentrations of the study area were compared with those collected from the middle and lower Yangtze River reaches, and from the east China continental shelf, including the Okinawa Trough. Result tends to show a terrigenous derivation of most geochemical components of the study area. Concentrations of strontium and barium are correlated with an increase in distance away from the estuary, rather than affected by grain size. Variation of trace elements in downcore Holocene sediment sections are fairly consistent with concentrations revealed by the modern vibrocore transect that extends from nearshore delta front, to offshore prodelta and to the delta-shelf transit zone. The overall distribution of geochemical elements discussed is capable of environmental implication to characterize the Yangtze estuarine transit between land and sea.     

川西北汉旺地区卡尼期鲕粒灰岩特征及地质意义

探讨川西北地区晚三叠世卡尼期马鞍塘组下部的鲕粒灰岩的沉积相及沉积时的古气候、古盐度。在前人研究成果基础上,对绵竹县汉旺观音崖剖面开展野外调查和室内薄片鉴定及碳氧同位素测试,结果表明共发育3套鲕粒灰岩,主要沉积于碳酸盐缓坡,由下到上鲕粒以复鲕、同心鲕、放射同心鲕、脑状鲕呈现,展示鲕粒沉积时海水能量降低、水体逐渐加深的趋势;上部灰岩中脑状鲕与同心鲕共存且同心鲕具双峰态粒度分布,显示鲕粒沉积时受到风暴作用影响。碳、氧同位素测试显示,鲕粒灰岩沉积时的古温度大体在24～35℃,Z 值在127～131,表明在卡尼期早期,川西北地区以蒸发量较高的低纬度地区干热气候为主。     

长江三角洲南翼第四纪沉积层序及其与古环境演变的耦合

为研究长江三角洲南翼第四纪地层划分及其与古环境演变的耦合关系,对长江三角洲南翼的第四系BZK02孔(孔深322. 1 m,取芯率大于96%),进行沉积物粒度、孢粉和微体古生物分析,结合岩性地层讨论了上新世以来钻孔揭示的孢粉组合、古环境演化、沉积层序和古气候特征。结果表明,研究区上新世以来经历了多次环境变化,孢粉类型鉴定133种,有孔虫鉴定17属29种,介形类鉴定7属8种。钻孔自下而上揭示岩性第四纪沉积地层依次为上新统嘉兴组一段(299. 8～322. 0 m)、早更新统嘉兴组(160～299. 8 m)、中更新统前港组(87. 3～160. 0 m)、晚更新统东浦组(72. 0～87. 3 m)、晚更新统宁波组(18. 6～72. 0 m)、全新统镇海组(0～18. 6 m)。古环境演化主要表现为上新世以残积坡、河流沉积为主,气候温冷偏湿;早更新世以河流相、河湖相沉积为主,气候经历温暖湿润-寒冷干燥变化的2个旋回;中更新世早期为河流-滨海相沉积,气候温暖湿润,晚期为河湖相沉积为主,气候温凉干燥;晚更新世以河湖、潮坪、河口沉积环境为主,气候经历温暖湿润-温暖偏干-温暖偏湿-寒冷干燥变化;全新世以浅海相、河湖相、湖沼相沉积环境,气候特征早期为干冷,晚期温暖偏干。     

海平面上升对长江口波浪影响的预测与分析

基于MIKE 21SW建立了长江口波浪数学模型,采用实测资料对波浪模型进行了验证,分别模拟当前海平面和海平面上升0.5,1.0,1.5m情景下的不同风向下的波浪分布,比较分析了波浪随海平面上升的变化特征,长江口波浪随海平面上升的一般特征为:波高和周期变化过程与潮位变化过程一致,波高增量高水位时大于低水位;口内波高增量明显小于口外,滩地增量最大,滩地迎风向的波高增量比背风向大;波周期变化特征与有效波高相似,但变幅明显小于波高变幅.     

Stage characteristics for the development of late Quaternary paleosols in the Yangtze Delta area

The late Quaternary paleosols in the Yangtze Delta area developed in the period of 25 000-12 000 aBP. Phytolith ratios (value A) of contents of fan, square and rectangle types indicating the warm and humid climate to those of bar, hat and point types indicating cold and dry climates decrease upwards overall on profiles of the paleosols, suggesting that the climates turned from warm and humid to cold and dry. So, the paleosols developed mainly during the regression before the last glacial maximum. Changes of value A indicate no trend of warming, suggesting that the transgression was rapid after the last glacial maximum. The development of the paleosols exhibited obvious stages, which were controlled remarkably by transgression and regression : Ⅰ . Period of alternation of deposition and pedogenesis, which was from the occurrence of regresson before the last glacial maximum to the time when sea levels fell close to the lowest; Ⅱ . Exposure period with continual pedogenesis, which was terminated when the paleosols were drown in the post-glacial transgression; Ⅲ . Period of being drown and buried, the paleosols were buried by marine sediments, and reworked by early diagenesis.