结合图像显著与灰度不一致性的目标自动提取

该文将图像过分割技术与图像显著性相结合,提出了一种基于图像显著性与灰度不一致性的目标自动提取方法。该方法可在没有任何人工干预的情况下准确地提取出图像的感兴趣目标。首先,通过像素不一致性因子和邻域不一致性因子确定出图像的不一致性种子点和一致性种子点;然后,使用等价类划分的方法对两类种子点分别进行生长,得到不同的等价类,合并残余类之后得到图像的初分割块;最后由初分割结果结合显著性检测算法提取出完整的感兴趣目标。考虑到像素的局部邻域信息,首次将图像的底层特征——像素的灰度不一致性应用于图像分割,并以此为基础进行目标提取。实验表明,该方法能够有效地实现显著目标的自动提取。     

一种结合遗传算法和最大类间方差法的图像分割新方法

传统的一维图像Otsu方法,只能对图像的灰度信息进行处理,对空间信息、像素等部分不能得到处理,因此在图像受到噪声或其他干扰时灰度直方图中的波峰、波谷会呈现不明显的分布,造成分割失误.本文结合遗传算法和最大类间方差法的图像分割新方法,是以遗传算法确定阀值空间中的最优阀值,最大类间方差法确定图像背景和目标图像之间的灰度方差面的最大值,避免受到噪声等因素的干扰.通过仿真实验发现该图像分割方法可降低分割时间,分割质量较好,发展前景广阔.     

基于灰度与边缘的图像分割方法

提出一种基于多图像信息的图像分割方法，利用Ｂａｙｅｓ分类准则，根据每个像素的多图像信息向量将其分为目标或背景，并对动态图像组成的图像序列或静态图像的分割给出了不同的像素分类准则，同时给出了硬件实时实现的原理，该方法适用于图像序列、低对比度图像和其它难于用一种图像信息分割的图像。实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于灰度与边缘的图像分割方法

提出一种基于多图像信息的图像分割方法，利用Ｂａｙｅｓ分类准则，根据每个像的多图像信息向量将其分为目标或背景，并对动态图像组成的图像序列或静态图像的分割给出了不同的像素分类准则，同时给出了硬件实时实现的原理。该方法适用于图像序列，低对比度图像和其它难于用一种图像信息分割的图像，实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种自适应产生超像素个数的道路图像分割算法

针对超像素分割算法需要人为设置初始超像素个数和目标边缘分割不精确等问题,提出一种自适应产生超像素个数的道路图像分割算法。该算法主要包含超像素的获得和超像素的合并两阶段。在超像素的获得阶段,首先通过计算图像区域数对应的图像颜色分量直方图峰值个数自动获得初始超像素个数,然后基于简单线性迭代(SLIC)算法在图像过分割的基础上利用颜色分量最大差值对过分割超像素块进行欠分割检测与处理,实现超像素的精确分割。在超像素的合并阶段,通过融合超像素颜色和纹理特征建立超像素间相似度信息表,最后在结合空间位置相邻性的基础上实现超像素的合并。实验在自动驾驶场景评测数据集KITTI上对本文算法进行验证和测试。结果表明,本文提出的算法与其他道路图像分割算法相比,在总体精度、平均召回率以及F1值3个指标上均有较好的效果。     

复杂背景下目标树叶自动分割的Grabcut算法

针对传统GrabCut算法需要人机交互且难以在复杂背景或光照不均匀时准确分割目标树叶的缺点,提出一种基于GrabCut算法的复杂背景下或光照不均匀时目标树叶的自动分割算法。本算法利用模糊高斯混合模型(FGMM)和图像的颜色信息对原始图像进行标记实现自动分割。首先选取合适的模糊因子利用模糊高斯混合模型对图像像素进行一次标记;在一次标记的基础上再结合超绿算法(EXG)选取合适的阈值对图像像素进行二次标记;最后将二次标记图像初始化GrabCut算法实现目标树叶的自动分割。利用几种不同的样本对提出算法的有效性和错分率进行探讨。结果表明,所提出的算法可以实现复杂背景下或光照不均匀时目标树叶的自动分割,且平均错分率达到1.625。     

基于最大熵的迭代分割算法

对于一些对象与背景像素灰度值类似的图像以及充满噪声的图像,传统的图像分割算法分割精度较低。为解决这一问题,提出了基于最大熵的迭代分割算法,根据求出的最大熵阈值将图像分为背景和对象两类区域;分别对两类区域求取灰度平均值,以该平均值将图像分为对象、背景和待分割3个区域;再对待分割区域进行迭代求取最终阈值,并根据最终阈值对图像进行分割。实验表明,该算法具有较高的抗噪性能,能精确分割一些轮廓不明显的图像,其分割精度明显好于其他传统图像分割算法。     

一种GrabCut分割边缘的优化方法

针对GrabCut分割精度不够以及边缘不平滑的问题,提出一种目标边缘优化方法.首先使用GrabCut算法获取目标的α掩像,然后对α掩像进行形态学处理而获取目标边缘区域,再将目标边缘区域内的像素与已知的绝对背景和绝对前景的部分像素进行颜色信息比较,根据比较结果重新分割边缘区域像素,最后对重新分割的目标边缘进行平滑处理.实验结果表明,本文的方法对边缘分割的精准性和平滑度都优于GrabCut算法.     

一种鲁棒的无监督聚类图像分割算法

针对目前基于模糊C-均值聚类图像分割算法的噪声敏感问题, 提出一种基于无监督可能性聚类的自动加权图像分割算法. 该算法先应用均值漂移迭代确定可能性C-均值聚类算法的初始化中心, 利用可能性聚类的模式搜索性质自动确定聚类划分; 然后根据像素间灰度值关系进行图像加权, 通过将加权系数与像素噪声的可能性相关联, 降低噪声对图像分割的影响. 实验结果表明, 相对于基于模糊C-均值聚类的图像分割算法, 该算法不仅取得了较好的分割效果, 而且无监督分割时计算效率更高, 对噪声的鲁棒性更强.     

融合灰度和梯度方向信息的随机游走的图像分割

针对传统图像分割方法在处理梯度变化较大的图像中存在的缺陷,以随机游走算法为基础,在原始的像素的灰度信息的基础上,融合了像素间的梯度差信息作为图网络的权重,以更好地描述像素与其相邻像素间的关系,通过用户指定的种子点信息,借助于电路模拟以及线性方程的系统,使得随机游走者从每个非种子点沿着最大概率的边逐渐走向正确的标记点(目标点或背景点)即为其最可能属于的区域,从而最终实现图像的分割.实验结果表明,方法适合于梯度变化较大的图像,不仅保留了原有算法抗噪声的优势,而且运算效率较高,是一种有效的图像分割方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that