具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

Malcev代数的次理想

举例说明了非Lie的Malcev代数的次理想与理想是2个不同的概念.给出了Malcev代数的次理想的一些基本性质,证明了半单的Malcev代数的次理想均为理想;Malcev代数的幂等次理想均为理想;幂零的Malcev代数的子代数均为次理想;当Malcev代数的所有子代数均为次理想时,此Malcev代数是可解的.     

桃金娘科9属21种木材的比较解剖

用光镜和扫描电镜比较了桃金娘科（Ｍｙｒｔａｃｅａｅ）９属２１种木材的解剖结构。结果表明：多数种木材生长轮不明显,几乎都为散孔材,木材分子非叠生,导管分子单穿孔板,管间纹孔具附物,胞间道和管状分子壁螺纹加厚壁缺如,少数种有分膈纤维。２亚科间木材结构有明显差异,桃金娘亚科（Ｍｙｒｔｏｉｄｅａｅ）木材结构较细籽亚科（Ｌｅｐ－ｔｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｉｄｅａｅ）原始。     

衢州珍稀濒危植物区系的研究

调查统计表明,衢州共有野生珍稀濒危植物22种,隶属12科19属,其中国家1级保护植物3种,2级保护植物19种.衢州珍稀濒危植物区系具有种类丰富、过渡性强、成分特有及起源古老等特征.还探讨了它们与邻近地区珍稀植物区系的关系.     

裂隙粘土中MACRO和CRACK-NP模型的比较

为了比较两种裂隙粘土中杀虫剂运移模型:MACRO模型和CRACK-NP模型,引用了英国Brimstone农场的裂隙粘土中杀虫剂运移的数据。模型模拟了两个时间段杀虫剂的运移,即整个冬季的每天和20天内每小时的运移。虽然CRACK-NP模型模拟的结果与引用数据较吻合,但MACRO模型模拟的效果要比CRACK-NP模型更好。在这个试验数据中,虽然可以得到许多的水文学数据(地下水位、排水和地表水流),但是土壤和排水中的杀虫剂浓度的数据比较缺乏,这使得这两个模型只能预测杀虫剂主要的运移时间和量。     

圆形贮液池弯矩分配传递无限次的闭合解

该文对由顶板、底板和圆柱形池壁组成的圆形贮液池在轴对称荷载作用下进行内力分析，池壁上、下端的圆周视为弹性嵌圆结点，用圆柱壳理论计算池壁的固端弯矩，用薄板弯曲理论计算顶板和底板的固端弯矩，从而求得上、下2个结点的不平衡力矩，然后用弯矩分配法对结点的不平衡力矩进行无数次分配传递，求得无数次分配弯矩和传递弯矩之和，得闭合解。文中给出了算例。     

中国小皮伞属已知种类及其分布

对中国小皮伞属（Marasmius Fr．）真菌进行了整理、修订,对有关分类学问题进行了简要讨论。文献记载我国该属有141个名称,分布于29个省区。其中,有效名称103个（包括96种、6变种和1变型）,无效或不合格名称29种,错拼名称9种,存疑种15种,中国特有种9个。     

云南现生灵长类猴科简述与分布

云南现有8种猴科动物,其中5种为国家一级保护动物,另外3种属国家二级保护动物,多集中分布在滇西北、滇西南和滇东南.     

几种地被植物品种特性及繁殖技术研究

几种地被植物的耐荫性试验结果为有2种耐荫性强,有4种耐荫性中等,有3种耐荫性弱,有1种不耐荫。而采取的播种、分株、扦插和埋条四种栽培方式进行的地被植物的繁殖技术的研究结果表明,有3种地被植物适合播种繁殖。有5种地被植物适合扦插繁殖,有1种地被植物适合埋条繁殖,所有10种地被植物均适合分株方式繁殖。     

中条山的真菌(一)

本文报导了山西省中条山的真菌116种和1个变种,隶属于24科67属,食用菌64种,药用菌20种,毒菌8种,木腐菌39种,菌根菌7种;其中35种是山西省新记录。全部标本由秦孟龙、赵春贵于1985年8月22日至29日采自沁水县。全部标本保存在山西大学真菌标本室。     

重庆万州区珍稀濒危植物的研究和保护

据调查统计，重庆万州区国家级珍稀濒危植物18种，隶属13科18属，其中蕨类1种，裸子植物3种，被子植物14种，从它们的生存现状看，有2个濒危种，9个稀有种，7个渐危种，本文论述了万州珍稀濒危植物的种类与分布状况，并在分析珍稀濒危植物致濒机理和保护现状的基础上提出了相应的对策。